3,115 research outputs found
UMSL Bulletin 2023-2024
The 2023-2024 Bulletin and Course Catalog for the University of Missouri St. Louis.https://irl.umsl.edu/bulletin/1088/thumbnail.jp
UMSL Bulletin 2022-2023
The 2022-2023 Bulletin and Course Catalog for the University of Missouri St. Louis.https://irl.umsl.edu/bulletin/1087/thumbnail.jp
A Critical Review Of Post-Secondary Education Writing During A 21st Century Education Revolution
Educational materials are effective instruments which provide information and report new discoveries uncovered by researchers in specific areas of academia. Higher education, like other education institutions, rely on instructional materials to inform its practice of educating adult learners. In post-secondary education, developmental English programs are tasked with meeting the needs of dynamic populations, thus there is a continuous need for research in this area to support its changing landscape. However, the majority of scholarly thought in this area centers on K-12 reading and writing. This paucity presents a phenomenon to the post-secondary community. This research study uses a qualitative content analysis to examine peer-reviewed journals from 2003-2017, developmental online websites, and a government issued document directed toward reforming post-secondary developmental education programs. These highly relevant sources aid educators in discovering informational support to apply best practices for student success. Developmental education serves the purpose of addressing literacy gaps for students transitioning to college-level work. The findings here illuminate the dearth of material offered to developmental educators. This study suggests the field of literacy research is fragmented and highlights an apparent blind spot in scholarly literature with regard to English writing instruction. This poses a quandary for post-secondary literacy researchers in the 21st century and establishes the necessity for the literacy research community to commit future scholarship toward equipping college educators teaching writing instruction to underprepared adult learners
Current and Future Challenges in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning is a central, longstanding, and active
area of Artificial Intelligence. Over the years it has evolved significantly;
more recently it has been challenged and complemented by research in areas such
as machine learning and reasoning under uncertainty. In July 2022 a Dagstuhl
Perspectives workshop was held on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning. The
goal of the workshop was to describe the state of the art in the field,
including its relation with other areas, its shortcomings and strengths,
together with recommendations for future progress. We developed this manifesto
based on the presentations, panels, working groups, and discussions that took
place at the Dagstuhl Workshop. It is a declaration of our views on Knowledge
Representation: its origins, goals, milestones, and current foci; its relation
to other disciplines, especially to Artificial Intelligence; and on its
challenges, along with key priorities for the next decade
AI: Limits and Prospects of Artificial Intelligence
The emergence of artificial intelligence has triggered enthusiasm and promise of boundless opportunities as much as uncertainty about its limits. The contributions to this volume explore the limits of AI, describe the necessary conditions for its functionality, reveal its attendant technical and social problems, and present some existing and potential solutions. At the same time, the contributors highlight the societal and attending economic hopes and fears, utopias and dystopias that are associated with the current and future development of artificial intelligence
Object detection and localization: an application inspired by RobotAtFactory using machine learning
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanáThe evolution of artificial intelligence and digital cameras has made the transformation of the real world into its digital image version more accessible and widely used. In this way, the analysis of information can be carried out with the use of algorithms. The detection and localization of objects is a crucial task in several applications, such as surveillance, autonomous robotics, intelligent transportation systems, and others. Based on this, this work aims to implement a system that can find objects and estimate their location (distance and angle), through the acquisition and analysis of images. Having as motivation the possible problems that can be introduced in the robotics competition, RobotAtFactory Lite, in future versions. As an example, the obstruction of the path developed through the printed lines, requiring the robot to deviate, and/or the positioning of the boxes in different places of the initial warehouses, being positioned so that the
robot does not know its previous location, having to find it somehow. For this, different methods were analyzed, based on machine leraning, for object detection using feature extraction and neural networks, as well as object localization, based on the Pinhole model and triangulation. By compiling these techniques through python programming in the module, based on a Raspberry Pi Model B and a Raspi Cam Rev 1.3, the goal of the work is achieved. Thus, it was possible to find the objects and obtain an estimate of their
relative position. In the future, in a possible implementation together with a robot, this data can be used to find objects and perform tasks.A evolução da inteligência artificial e das câmeras digitais, tornou mais acessível e amplamente utilizada a transformação do mundo real, para sua versão em imagem digital. Dessa maneira, a análise das informações pode ser efetuada com a utilização de algoritmos. A deteção e localização de objetos é uma tarefa crucial em diversas aplicações, tais como vigilância, robótica autônoma, sistemas de transporte inteligente, entre outras. Baseado nisso, este trabalho tem como objetivo implementar um sistema que consiga encontrar objetos e estimar sua localização (distância e ângulo), através da aquisição e análise de imagens. Tendo como motivação os possíveis problemas que possam ser introduzidos na competição de robótica, Robot@Factory Lite, em versões futuras. Podendo ser citados como exemplo a obstrução do caminho desenvolvido através das linhas impressas, requerendo que o robô desvie, e/ou o posicionamento das caixas em locais diferentes dos armazéns iniciais, sendo posicionadas de modo que o robô não saiba sua localização prévia, devendo encontra-las de alguma maneira. Para isso, foram analisados diferentes
métodos, baseadas em machine leraning, para deteção de objetos utilizando extração de características e redes neurais, bem como a localização de objetos, baseada no modelo de Pinhole e triangulação. Compilando essas técnicas através da programação em python, no módulo, baseado em um Raspberry Pi Model B e um Raspi Cam Rev 1.3, o objetivo do trabalho é alcançado. Assim, foi possível encontrar os objetos e obter uma estimativa da sua posição relativa. Futuramente, em uma possível implementação junta a um robô, esses dados podem ser utilizados para encontrar objetos e executar tarefas
Reframing museum epistemology for the information age: a discursive design approach to revealing complexity
This practice-based research inquiry examines the impact of an epistemic shift, brought about by the dawning of the information age and advances in networked communication technologies, on physical knowledge institutions - focusing on museums. The research charts adapting knowledge schemas used in museum knowledge organisation and discusses the potential for a new knowledge schema, the network, to establish a new epistemology for museums that reflects contemporary hyperlinked and networked knowledge. The research investigates the potential for networked and shared virtual reality spaces to reveal new ‘knowledge monuments’ reflecting the epistemic values of the network society and the space of flows.
The central practice for this thesis focuses on two main elements. The first is applying networks and visual complexity to reveal multi-linearity and adapting perspectives in relational knowledge networks. This concept was explored through two discursive design projects, the Museum Collection Engine, which uses data visualisation, cloud data, and image recognition within an immersive projection dome to create a dynamic and searchable museum collection that returns new and interlinking constellations of museum objects and knowledge. The second discursive design project was Shared Pasts: Decoding Complexity, an AR app with a unique ‘anti-personalisation’ recommendation system designed to reveal complex narratives around historic objects and places. The second element is folksonomy and co-design in developing new community-focused archives using the community's language to build the dataset and socially tagged metadata. This was tested by developing two discursive prototypes, Women Reclaiming AI and Sanctuary Stories
From massive rapid reconstruction to small-scale stepwise urban renewal: A contribution to socially integrative cities?: Case studies of Wuhan, China
Initially, urban renewal focused mainly on promoting better physical environments, living conditions and economic activities, by upgrading derelict neighbourhoods. But since the 1990s in Europe, the urban renewal approach emphasising the physical, environmental and economic spheres has been replaced by a more comprehensive and integrated approach, which links the stimulation of economic activities and environmental improvements with social integration, inclusion and cultural elements.
The former pathway, marked by massive rapid demolition and reconstruction, is regarded as the dominant urban renewal approach in China. Driven by the unprecedented urbanisation, it has brought enormous economic benefits but at the cost of aggravating social and environmental problems, resulting in unsustainable cities. Therefore, China has entered a new stage by transforming into a more sustainable avenue – the small-scale stepwise urban renewal. Since 2009, the Chinese government has launched experimental actions in many pilot cities to cultivate the new approach. This trend can be noticed in different fields involving policies, movements, institutional settings and academia. Government and scholars expect small-scale urban renewal to simultaneously enhance physical infrastructures, reinforce cultural diversity and foster social cohesion, leading to sustainable and socially integrative cities. However, it can be questioned if the new urban renewal approach genuinely has a better performance in this regard.
Therefore, the guiding research question (RQ) asks: How does urban renewal contribute to socially integrative cities in China? The author first sought insights to build a holistic conceptual framework: urban renewal towards socially integrative cities. It helped understand the urban renewal evolution in China, and the concept of social integration and inclusion both in international and in the Chinese context, especially regarding urban renewal projects. By conducting a literature review, three research gaps were identified: 1) A lack of systematic studies that integrate and summarise fragmented urban renewal approaches and concepts in China; 2) Social integration and inclusion in China have a relatively narrow perspective of “assimilation”; 3) Systematic and multi-faceted evaluation of experimental urban renewal in China, especially in social aspects, is too inadequate to make suggestions for improving current Chinese urban renewal approaches. To fill these gaps, this dissertation firstly scrutinises the differences between these co-existing two renewal approaches in China, massive rapid reconstruction and small-scale stepwise urban renewal; secondly, it examines to what extent these two approaches have contributed to socially integrative cities, and thirdly, analyses the strengths and weaknesses of these two approaches and the rationales behind them.
The 'socially integrative cities' (SIC) analytical framework, jointly proposed by Chinese and European scholars, is applied to examine the accomplishments in two urban renewal cases. The author defines 26 indicators corresponding to 12 characteristics, grouped into five dimensions: collaborative urban planning and design, urban environment and living conditions, local economy and labour market, socio-cultural development and social capital, institutional development and urban finance.
The methodology comprises descriptive documents analysis and literature research, followed by qualitative comparative case studies. Two typical cases were selected, representing massive rapid reconstruction (Wuhan Tiandi) and small-scale stepwise urban renewal (Tanhualin). Both are traditional inner-city and run-down areas in Wuhan, a frontrunner prefecture-level city in China. During the fieldwork, semi-structured in-depth interviews have been conducted on identified stakeholders. After the fieldwork, a thematic content analysis and a stakeholder analysis were performed to analyse the interview data collected from online databases, documents, and project plans.
Results firstly suggested that the differences between massive rapid reconstruction and small-scale stepwise urban renewal exist in the aspects of the intervention levels, the actors and strategies, the scales of coverage, the planning goals, the renewal targets, the housing types and the sources of funds. An urban renewal project can combine both approaches in a hybrid model or adopt different approaches in different periods.
The assessment of the implementation and impact of both urban renewal cases reveals that massive rapid reconstruction and small-scale stepwise urban renewal have genuinely contributed to socially integrative cities in all five dimensions but to a varying degree. Massive rapid reconstruction has unique advantages in improving living and environmental conditions in urban areas, upgrading the physical environment in distressed areas, and strengthening the economy and labour market on a large regional scale, but it does not respect the social and cultural dimension. In contrast, small-scale stepwise renewal prevails in the adaptive reuse of existing buildings, revitalising cities and older towns, keeping people in the original neighbourhoods, stabilising housing prices and affordability, strengthening the economy and labour market on a small local scale, preserving cultural heritage, fostering the identity of neighbourhoods, as well as fostering social capital and the engagement of local stakeholders. However, it suffers from a comprehensive but limited effectiveness.
The study also shows that many strengths and weaknesses of both urban renewal approaches are antithetical. Based on this finding, the author discovers their rationales behind the two different approaches, investigates the underlying causes that precipitate these antitheses, and proposes possible solutions to the challenges and dilemmas facing current Chinese urban renewal.
Overall, this research concludes fragmented urban renewal approaches and concepts in China, summarised into two paradigms: massive rapid reconstruction and small-scale stepwise urban renewal. Besides, it develops a more comprehensive and analytical framework that adapts to the Chinese context - “socially integrative cities”, to examine urban renewal projects. Finally, it elucidates in-depth empirical knowledge of the urban renewal paradigm shift in China and makes recommendations for government, practitioners and scholars to promote a more socially integrative urban renewal.:CONTENTS
1 Introduction
1.1 Problem overview
1.2 Study design and thesis structure
2 Conceptual framework: urban renewal towards socially integrative cities
2.1 Urban renewal in China
2.1.1 Basic Chinese terms and concepts
2.1.2 Massive rapid demolition and reconstruction
2.1.3 Small-scale stepwise urban renewal
2.1.4 Urban renewal evolution in China: initiating, testing and promotion
2.2 Social integration and inclusion
2.3 Influence of urban renewal on social integration and inclusion - socially integrative cities
2.4 Typical practices of urban renewal in China
2.5 Raised research questions
3 Research design and methodology
3.1 Overall research design
3.2 Framework to examine the accomplishment of socially integrative cities in urban renewal projects
3.3 Comparative case studies
3.3.1 Case study selection
3.3.2 Interview design
3.3.3 Data analysis
4 Exploring the context: Wuhan city and its two cases
4.1 Urban renewal in Wuhan
4.2 Planning documents of Wuhan concerning urban renewal
4.3 Massive rapid reconstruction case: Wuhan Tiandi
4.4 Small-scale stepwise urban renewal case: Tanhualin
5 Differences between massive rapid reconstruction and small-scale stepwise urban renewal
5.1 Classification criteria for urban renewal approaches
5.2 Intervention levels
5.2.1 Redevelopment, rehabilitation, and conservation
5.2.2 Intervention levels in massive rapid reconstruction and small-scale stepwise urban renewal
5.3 Actors and strategies
5.3.1 Government-led, property-led, comprehensive model, and community-oriented mode
5.3.2 Actors and strategies in massive rapid reconstruction and small-scale stepwise urban renewal
5.3.3 Sources of funds in massive rapid reconstruction and small-scale stepwise urban renewal
5.4 Scales of coverage
5.4.1 Macro-level, medium-level, micro-level
5.4.2 Scales of coverage in massive rapid reconstruction and small-scale stepwise urban renewal
5.5 Planning goals
5.5.1 Physical, social, economic, and morphological integrated
5.5.2 Planning goals in massive rapid reconstruction and small-scale stepwise urban renewal
5.6 Renewal targets
5.6.1 Old city, old factory, old village
5.6.2 Renewal targets in massive rapid reconstruction and small-scale stepwise urban renewal
5.7 Summary
6 Contributions to socially integrative cities by massive rapid reconstruction and small-scale stepwise urban renewal
6.1 Collaborative urban planning and design
6.1.1 Reducing urban sprawl and appropriate access to urban land
6.1.2 Involving different stakeholders in collaborative and participative planning and design on the different politico-administrative levels
6.1.3 Reflections
6.2 Urban environment and living conditions
6.2.1 Improving urban environment and living conditions in Wuhan Tiandi
6.2.2 Improving the urban environment and living conditions in Tanhualin
6.2.3 Reflections
6.3 Local economy and labour market
6.3.1 Strengthening the local economy and labour market
6.3.2 Strengthening technical and social innovation in cities and neighbourhoods opening up new possibilities for the local population
6.3.3 Reflections
6.4 Socio-cultural development and social capital
6.4.1 Fostering proactive education and training policies for children and young people in disadvantaged neighbourhoods
6.4.2 Preserving cultural heritage and fostering the identity of neighbourhoods and their inhabitants
6.4.3 Fostering social capital and engagement of local stakeholders
6.4.4 Reflections
6.5 Institutional development and urban finance
6.5.1 Supporting adequate institutional conditions and mechanisms
6.5.2 Supporting adequate financial conditions and mechanisms
6.5.3 Reflections
6.6 Summary
7 Strengths and weaknesses of massive rapid reconstruction and small-scale stepwise renewal and their rationales
7.1 Collaborative urban planning and design
7.1.1 Rental-sales rights inequality
7.1.2 Paternalistic Danwei system
7.1.3 Lack of channels for public participation
7.1.4 Lack of vertical and horizontal integration between government sectors
7.1.5 Lack of clear collective goals
7.2 Urban environment and living conditions
7.2.1 Housing prices and affordability
7.2.2 Low-rent housing programmes and two innovations
7.2.3 Monetisation strategy
7.2.4 Efficiency versus quality
7.3 Socio-cultural development and social capital
7.3.1 Cultural heritage protection
7.3.2 Aesthetic concept cultivation
7.3.3 Open community versus gated community
7.3.4 Understandings of social integration and inclusion
7.4 Institutional development and urban finance
7.4.1 Establishment of urban renewal bureau
7.4.2 Transition from management-oriented government to service-oriented government
7.4.3 Human-centred, people-oriented design
7.5 Summary
8 Conclusion
References
Annexes
Annex 1: Interview guidelines
Annex 2: Dates of interviews
Annex 3: Collected data
Annex 4: Example of consent formUrsprünglich zielte Stadterneuerung in erster Linie darauf ab, Infrastruktur, Lebensbedingungen und wirtschaftliche Gegebenheiten durch die Aufwertung baufälliger Stadtviertel zu verbessern. Seit den 1990er Jahren jedoch wurde in Europa der Ansatz der hauptsächlich materielle, ökologische und ökonomische Aspekte betonenden Stadterneuerung durch eine ganzheitlichere Herangehensweise abgelöst. Diese verbindet die Stimulation ökonomischer Aktivitäten und ökologischer Verbesserungen mit sozialer Integration und Teilhabe der Bewohner sowie Rücksichtnahme auf kulturelle Gegebenheiten (Dixon et al., 2009, p. 3).
Ersterer Ansatz, gekennzeichnet durch großflächigen und schnellen Abriss und Neubau städtischer Areale, wird meist als die in China übliche Vorgehensweise bei Stadterneuerungen angesehen. Getrieben von einem Prozess beispielloser Urbanisierung, ging sie einen enormen wirtschaftlichen Aufschwung einher. Dieser brachte allerdings gravierende soziale und ökologische Problemen mit sich, welche zu einer nicht-nachhaltigen Stadtentwicklung führten. Deshalb beschreitet China zunehmend einen nachhaltigeren Weg: die schrittweise Stadterneuerung in jeweils kleinerem Umfang. Seit 2009 initiierte die chinesische Regierung verschiedene experimentelle Pilotprojekte für den neuen Ansatz. Dieser Trend macht sich in verschiedenen Bereichen wie Planungs- und Baustrategien, institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen und der Wissenschaft bemerkbar. Sowohl chinesische Regierungsinstitutionen als auch zahlreiche Wissenschaftler gehen davon aus, dass eine kleinteiligere Stadterneuerung nicht nur die physische Infrastruktur verbessert, sondern auch das Gefühl der Identität, die kulturelle Entwicklung und den sozialen Zusammenhalt unter den Bewohnern verstärkt. Damit geht allerdings die Frage einher, ob der neue Ansatz der Stadterneuerung tatsächlich per se besser zur Verwirklichung dieser Absichten beiträgt.
Die zentrale Forschungsfrage lautet daher: Auf welche Weise trägt Stadterneuerung zur sozialen Integrativität chinesischer Städte bei? Zunächst entwickelte die Autorin den konzeptionellen Rahmen: Stadterneuerung im Sinne sozial-integrativer Stadtentwicklung. Dieser hilft beim Verständnis chinesischer Stadterneuerung und der Einsicht in den städtebaulichen Bezug von Konzepten sozialer Integration und Inklusion sowohl international als auch spezifisch in China. Bei der Recherche in Dokumenten und Fachliteratur zeigten sich weiterhin folgende drei Forschungslücken: 1) Ein Mangel an systematischen Untersuchungen, die die einzelnen Herangehensweisen und Konzepte der Stadterneuerung in China integrieren und zusammenfassen; 2) Ansätze der sozialen Integration und Teilhabe folgen in China einem relativ engen Verständnis von „Assimilierung“; 3) Der gegenwärtige Bestand systematischer Analyse und Bewertung experimenteller Stadterneuerungsprojekte ist hinsichtlich sozialer Aspekte unzureichend für eine Verbesserung aktueller Ansätze der Stadterneuerung in China. Um diese Forschungslücken zu füllen, sollen in der vorliegenden Dissertation zum Ersten die Unterschiede zwischen den beiden in China angewendeten Vorgehensweisen der Stadterneuerung – großflächiger und scheller gegenüber kleinteiligem und schrittweisem Stadtumbau – erforscht werden; zum Zweiten soll untersucht werden, inwiefern beide Ansätze zur sozial integrierten Stadtentwicklung beitragen, und zum Dritten soll eine generelle Analyse der Stärken und Schwächen beider Ansätze und ihrer inneren Logik erfolgen.
Zur Untersuchung zweier Fälle von Stadterneuerung bezüglich des Ziels einer sozial-integrativen Stadtentwicklung kommt der Analyserahmen „Socially Integrative Cities“ (SIC), der gemeinsam von chinesischen und europäischen Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern vorgeschlagen wurde, zum Einsatz. Die Autorin definierte 26 Indikatoren aufbauend auf 12 Charakteristika aus vorausgegangenen Forschungen, die fünf thematischen Dimensionen zugeordnet wurden: kollaborative Stadtplanung und Stadtgestaltung, urbane Umwelt- und Lebensbedingungen, wirtschaftliche Situation und Arbeitsmarkt vor Ort, soziokulturelle Entwicklung und soziales Kapital und schlussendlich institutionelle Entwicklung und städtisches Finanzwesen.
Das methodische Vorgehen vereint beschreibende Analyse von Dokumenten und Literaturrecherche, gefolgt von qualitativen vergleichenden Fallstudien. Für die Untersuchung wurden zwei typische Fälle von Stadterneuerungsprojekten ausgewählt, die einerseits eine großflächige und schnelle (Wuhan Tiandi) und andererseits eine kleinteilige und schrittweise (Wuhan Tanhualin) Vorgehensweise repräsentieren. In beiden Fällen handelt es sich um traditionelle innerstädtische, jedoch baufällige Viertel in Wuhan, einer aufstrebenden chinesischen Bezirkshauptstadt. Im Laufe der Feldforschung wurden unter anderem semistrukturierte vertiefende Interviews mit Vertretern von Einrichtungen geführt, die vorher als Stakeholder identifiziert wurden. Für die Auswertung des Interviewmaterials schloss sich während und nach der Feldforschung die inhaltliche Analyse und die Stakeholderanalyse an. Weitere Daten hierfür wurden von Online-Datenplattformen, Dokumenten und Projektplanungen generiert.
Zunächst einmal legen die Resultate nahe, dass die Unterschiede zwischen großflächiger, schneller und kleinteiliger, schrittweiser Stadterneuerung hauptsächlich bei den Aspekten Interventionsebene, Akteure und ihre Strategien, Größe der Baufläche, Planungs- und Erneuerungsziel, Gebäudetypen und Finanzierung liegen. Dabei besteht die Möglichkeit, dass Projekte der Stadterneuerung beide Vorgehensweisen in einem hybriden Modell kombinieren oder verschiedene Ansätze in unterschiedlichen Abschnitten zur Anwendung bringen.
Die Auswertung der Umsetzung und Folgen der beiden Stadterneuerungsprojekte offenbarte, dass sowohl die großflächige und schnelle als auch die kleinteilige, schrittweise Stadterneuerung in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß einen spezifischen Einfluss auf allen fünf o.g. Dimensionen des Konzepts der sozial-integrativen Stadt haben. Großflächige und schnelle Stadterneuerung bietet unbestreitbare Vorteile für die Verbesserung der Lebens- und Umweltbedingungen, bei der baulichen Aufwertung in baufälligen Stadtbereichen sowie für die Stärkung der regionalen Wirtschaftstätigkeit und des überregionalen Arbeitsmarktes. Allerdings nimmt sie wenig Rücksicht auf soziale und kulturelle Aspekte. Im Gegensatz dazu zeichnet sich eine kleinteilige, schrittweise Stadterneuerung durch flexible Umnutzung existierender Gebäude, eine Wiederbelebung von Stadtkernen und Altstädten und stabileren und erschwinglicheren Immobilienpreisen aus. Menschen können in ihrem angestammten Viertel bleiben, die Lokalwirtschaft und der Arbeitsmarkt vor Ort werden gestärkt, baukulturelles Erbe bewahrt und sowohl das Identitätsgefühl der Quartiersbewohner mit ihrer Umgebung als auch Sozialkapital und Engagement lokaler Stakeholder gestärkt. Gleichwohl leiden diese zwar umfassenden Ansätze unter einer begrenzten Effektivität.
Darüber hinaus wurde in der Studie deutlich, dass die Vorteile des einen Ansatzes in vielen Fälle die Nachteile des anderen spiegeln und umgekehrt. Darauf aufbauend beschrieb die Autorin die zu Grunde liegende Logik beider Wege, untersuchte die Ursachen, die zu deren Widersprüchen führen und bietet mögliche Lösungswege für die Herausforderungen und Dilemmata an, denen gegenwärtige chinesische Stadterneuerungsprojekte gegenüberstehen.
Diese Forschungsarbeit fasst verschiedene bislang fragmentarische Ansätze und Konzepte der Stadterneuerung in China zu zwei Paradigmen zusammen: Dem des großflächigen, schnellen Stadtumbaus und jenem der kleinteiligen, schrittweisen Erneuerung. Daneben wurde ein breiter gefasster und an den Kontext der chinesischen „sozial-integrativen Stadt“ angepasster Analyserahmen für Stadterneuerungsprojekte entwickelt. Schlussendlich erläutert die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit ausführlich empirische Erkenntnisse im Zusammenhang mit dem städtebaulichen Paradigmenwechsel, der sich in China vollzieht, und gibt Empfehlungen für entsprechende Regierungsinstitutionen, Fachleute und Wissenschaftler zur Förderung einer sozial–integrativen Stadtentwicklung.:CONTENTS
1 Introduction
1.1 Problem overview
1.2 Study design and thesis structure
2 Conceptual framework: urban renewal towards socially integrative cities
2.1 Urban renewal in China
2.1.1 Basic Chinese terms and concepts
2.1.2 Massive rapid demolition and reconstruction
2.1.3 Small-scale stepwise urban renewal
2.1.4 Urban renewal evolution in China: initiating, testing and promotion
2.2 Social integration and inclusion
2.3 Influence of urban renewal on social integration and inclusion - socially integrative cities
2.4 Typical practices of urban renewal in China
2.5 Raised research questions
3 Research design and methodology
3.1 Overall research design
3.2 Framework to examine the accomplishment of socially integrative cities in urban renewal projects
3.3 Comparative case studies
3.3.1 Case study selection
3.3.2 Interview design
3.3.3 Data analysis
4 Exploring the context: Wuhan city and its two cases
4.1 Urban renewal in Wuhan
4.2 Planning documents of Wuhan concerning urban renewal
4.3 Massive rapid reconstruction case: Wuhan Tiandi
4.4 Small-scale stepwise urban renewal case: Tanhualin
5 Differences between massive rapid reconstruction and small-scale stepwise urban renewal
5.1 Classification criteria for urban renewal approaches
5.2 Intervention levels
5.2.1 Redevelopment, rehabilitation, and conservation
5.2.2 Intervention levels in massive rapid reconstruction and small-scale stepwise urban renewal
5.3 Actors and strategies
5.3.1 Government-led, property-led, comprehensive model, and community-oriented mode
5.3.2 Actors and strategies in massive rapid reconstruction and small-scale stepwise urban renewal
5.3.3 Sources of funds in massive rapid reconstruction and small-scale stepwise urban renewal
5.4 Scales of coverage
5.4.1 Macro-level, medium-level, micro-level
5.4.2 Scales of coverage in massive rapid reconstruction and small-scale stepwise urban renewal
5.5 Planning goals
5.5.1 Physical, social, economic, and morphological integrated
5.5.2 Planning goals in massive rapid reconstruction and small-scale stepwise urban renewal
5.6 Renewal targets
5.6.1 Old city, old factory, old village
5.6.2 Renewal targets in massive rapid reconstruction and small-scale stepwise urban renewal
5.7 Summary
6 Contributions to socially integrative cities by
The Politics of Platformization: Amsterdam Dialogues on Platform Theory
What is platformization and why is it a relevant category in the contemporary political landscape? How is it related to cybernetics and the history of computation? This book tries to answer such questions by engaging in multidisciplinary dialogues about the first ten years of the emerging fields of platform studies and platform theory. It deploys a narrative and playful approach that makes use of anecdotes, personal histories, etymologies, and futurable speculations to investigate both the fragmented genealogy that led to platformization and the organizational and economic trends that guide nowadays platform sociotechnical imaginaries
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