10 research outputs found
Study of gas flow dynamics in porous and granular media with laser-polarized ¹²⁹Xe NMR
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-182).This thesis presents Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies of gas flow dynamics in porous and granular media by using laser-polarized ¹²⁹Xe . Two different physical processes, the gas transport in porous rock cores and the mass exchanges between different phases in fluidized granular systems, were investigated and new experimental methods were designed to measure several important parameters characterizing the two systems. Methods for measuring the parameters had been either unavailable or significantly limited previously. The research involved modeling the gas flow in porous and granular media by relating the dynamics of spin magnetization to the interesting parameters, as well as correspondingly designing new measurement methods and verifying them on the laboratory test beds. We proposed a simple method to measure two important parameters of reservoir rocks, permeability and effective porosity, by probing the flow front of laser-polarized xenon gas inside the rock cores. The method was thoroughly tested on different categories of rocks with permeability values spanning two orders of magnitude, and the results were in agreement with those from the established techniques.(cont.) The uniqueness in the work is that the fast method developed is capable of measuring the two parameters simultaneously on the same setup. Bubble-emulsion exchange and emulsion-adsorption exchange in a fluidized bed are two processes crucial to the efficiency of many chemical reactors working in bubbling regime. We used differences in T2 and chemical shift to contrast the three phases in the xenon spectra, and designed methods to measure the inter-phase exchange rates. The measured results of the bubble-emulsion and emulsion-adsorption exchange rates agreed well with predictions based on available theory. Our approach is the first to non-invasively probe natural bubbles in a three-dimensional bed, and to measure the exchange rate between the emulsion phase and multiple bubbles.by Ruopeng Wang.Ph.D
Reports to the President
A compilation of annual reports including a report from the President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, as well as reports from the academic and administrative units of the Institute. The reports outline the year's goals, accomplishments, honors and awards, and future plans
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
1st International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Kruger Park, 8-10 April 2002.This lecture is a principle-based review of a growing body
of fundamental work stimulated by multiple opportunities to
optimize geometric form (shape, structure, configuration,
rhythm, topology, architecture, geography) in systems for heat
and fluid flow. Currents flow against resistances, and by
generating entropy (irreversibility) they force the system global
performance to levels lower than the theoretical limit. The
system design is destined to remain imperfect because of
constraints (finite sizes, costs, times). Improvements can be
achieved by properly balancing the resistances, i.e., by spreading
the imperfections through the system. Optimal spreading means
to endow the system with geometric form. The system
construction springs out of the constrained maximization of
global performance. This 'constructal' design principle is
reviewed by highlighting applications from heat transfer
engineering. Several examples illustrate the optimized internal
structure of convection cooled packages of electronics. The
origin of optimal geometric features lies in the global effort to
use every volume element to the maximum, i.e., to pack the
element not only with the most heat generating components, but
also with the most flow, in such a way that every fluid packet is
effectively engaged in cooling. In flows that connect a point to
a volume or an area, the resulting structure is a tree with high conductivity
branches and low-conductivity interstices.tm201