Güç Sistemlerinde Geçici Kararlılık için UPFC, GSSC ve Alt-Geçici Dinamik Modellerin Geliştirilmesi

Güç sistemlerinin çalışması esnasında bazı nedenlerden dolayı kararsızlık problemleri ile karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Kararsızlık problemlerinin en önemli nedenlerinden birisi kısa devre durumlarıdır. Kısa devre güç sistemlerinde salınımlara sebep olmaktadır. Bu salınımları ortadan kaldırmak için Güç Salınım Sönümleme Kontrolü (GSSC) kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, güç sistemlerinde osilasyonların sönümlenmesi için Kundur 4 makinalı sistemde farklı senaryolar ile analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca çok makinalı sistemde kullanılan senkron generatörlerin alt-geçici durum dinamik modellemeleri bu çalışmada tercih edilmiştir. Birleştirilmiş Güç Akışı Kontrolü (UPFC), GSSC ve alt-geçici durum dinamik modellemelerinin kullanıldığı ve kullanılmadığı durumlarda karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar ile geliştirilen modellerin geleneksel olarak kullanılan modellere göre sistemi kısa sürede kararlı hale getirdiği ve salınımların azalttığı görülmüştür

Adaptive exoskeleton for the integrated retrofit of social housing buildings

This doctoral thesis presents technical strategies for the rational maintenance of the building heritage directed at the integrated retrofit of social housing stocks. The study comprised the analysis of recovered residential buildings in order to develop new sceneries to adopt in critical situations, leading to the definition of a new experimental practice called “adaptive exoskeleton”. This strategy involves the wrapping of the entire original building with a three-dimensional structural envelope, the exoskeleton, using a construction process able to limit interferences on the use of the building and on the life of its inhabitants. The exoskeleton is an independent frame, carefully designed at the joint-scale to achieve awareness of the constructive sequence and of the optimization of the resources. Dry construction technologies resulted to be the most effective, because based on the principles of lightness and reversibility, and because they allow to realize a structural grid able to satisfy different standards in relation to the changing user conditions. The strategy of the adaptive exoskeleton, which exploits optimized and industrialized components, appears convenient in relation to large-scale interventions on the built heritage and, at the same time, it is architectonically versatile, with many possible options adaptable to different cultural contexts. The structural frame can be adjusted to different dimensions, extensions, typologies and technologies, maintaining the same basic characteristics. Passive dissipative devices realized with shape memory alloys, strategically located as connectors with the existing building, are used in order to reduce the lateral displacements during earthquakes. A key idea is the separation between the long lasting elements of the construction, such as the structural systems, and the parts that can be updated progressively in relation to the requirements of the user or to the technological innovations. This principle is convenient in large-scale campaigns, where it is necessary to create a solid base structure without renouncing to the individualization and the variety of the demand, which stimulates the introduction of architectural components with a shorter use-life. The structural characteristics of this construction and its ability to dissipate the seismic input, were analysed during a research period of twelve months undertaken at the Eindhoven University of Technology (Netherlands) at the unit of Innovative Structural Design of the Built environment department. The verification phase considered two building typologies, due to their high diffusion in Europe: the use of the finite element software SAP2000 required the application of a “frame model” for masonry buildings and of a “strut model” for the concrete frame with masonry infill. The seismic behaviour of the buildings was analysed before any intervention and after the introduction of the adaptive exoskeleton implemented with shape memory alloys-based devices. The experimental phase was also undertaken with reference to San Bartolomeo estate in Brescia, Italy. Summarizing, the research underlined the convenience of applying retrofit processes in opposition with demolitions and reconstructions, above all in terms of social and environmental costs. The adaptive exoskeleton, in particular, provides an integrated and synergic solution because while improving the seismic behaviour of the structure, offers additional space for services and functions, increasing the economic value of the building and improving its energy performances and its architectural characteristics

Hydroaeroelasticity

The textbook is devoted to investigate the stability problems for deformable systems streamlined by fluid or gas flow. Special attention is paid to the study of hydrodynamic forces acting on deformable surfaces. The textbook will be intended for engineering students and postgraduate students of higher educational institutions

Stability aspects of wind power integration in power systems and microgrids

Wind farms can be located in remote and weak parts of power networks, due to the availability of wind energy. With integration of power from such wind farms, the power system’s stability might be affected especially at higher penetration levels. Instability issues resulting from such incorporations must be addressed to accommodate higher wind power penetration in the power networks. This thesis attempts to analyse the stability issues of power system with integration of variable speed wind turbine technology especially focusing on doubly fed induction generators. Additionally, a microgrid with different inertial and non-inertial sources is examined for enhancing design aspect of such microgrids from stability perspectives. At different penetration levels of wind power, oscillatory modes are identified, and participation factors of the most associated state variables on such oscillatory modes are observed. Flexible ac transmission system based series and shunt devices are found effective in enhancing the small signal stability of such power networks for different wind power penetration levels. Besides, series devices are observed to contribute to an improvement in the transient behaviour of the power system. Similarly, high voltage dc link is also witnessed to positively influence low frequency oscillation damping. Furthermore, this thesis shows that higher voltage gain values of wind farms can contribute to an improvement in the small signal stability for increased wind power penetration. Another observation displays that a doubly fed induction based wind farm can contribute to improving the voltage stability of a distribution network in a steady state operating condition, as well as following disturbances. Based on the study on an isolated microgrid that has a combination of synchronous, converter-based distributed resources, and energy storage systems, it is observed that a suitable modification in such microgrid’s various components and parameters can positively influence its small signal stability

Teacher roles during amusement park visits – insights from observations, interviews and questionnaires

Amusement parks offer rich possibilities for physics learning, through observations and experiments that illustrate important physical principles and often involve the whole body. Amusement parks are also among the most popular school excursions, but very often the learning possibilities are underused. In this work we have studied different teacher roles and discuss how universities, parks or event managers can encourage and support teachers and schools in their efforts to make amusement park visits true learning experiences for their students

Hands-on Science. Celebrating Science and Science Education

The book herein aims to contribute to the improvement of Science Education in our schools and to an effective implementation of a sound widespread scientific literacy at all levels of society

The influence of IPFC on small-signal stability of power systems

Orientadores: Vivaldo Fernando da Costa, Igor KopcakDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de ComputaçãoResumo: Neste trabalho é avaliada a influência do controlador IPFC (Interline Power Flow Controller ) no desempenho de sistemas elétricos de potência quanto à estabilidade a pequenas perturbações. Foi utilizado um modelo de injeção de potência para inclusão do IPFC em programas de fluxo de carga, considerando a representação das fontes de tensão do dispositivo em coordenadas retangulares e incorporando as equações que representam sua dinâmica. As análises de regime permanente atestam a capacidade do IPFC de gerenciamento e controle dos fluxos de potências ativa e reativa em linhas de transmissão. Entretanto, o ajuste de potência constante do modo de controle pode diminuir a margem de estabilidade de tensão, por não permitir o aumento dos fluxos nas linhas controladas quando o carregamento do sistema cresce. As análises dinâmicas da estabilidade a pequenas perturbações foram realizadas com a inclusão do IPFC e de um POD (Power Oscillation Damping) no Modelo de Sensibilidade de Potência (MSP). Os resultados obtidos revelam que o IPFC possui um grande potencial para a manutenção da estabilidade de ângulo em sistemas de potência quando equipado com controladores POD.Abstract: This work assess the impact of the IPFC (Interline Power Flow Controller) on the smallsignal stability performance of Power Systems. A power injection model is used to include the IPFC in a power flow routine. The modelling represents the IPFC source voltages in rectangular coordinates and incorporates its differential equations at steady-state. The power flow analysis shows the IPFC effectiveness for the management and control of active and reactive power flows of transmission lines. However, the constant power flow operation mode can decrease the voltage stability margin. The IPFC and a POD (Power Oscillation Damping) were included in the Power Sensitivity Model (PSM) to perform the small-signal stability analysis. Simulation results show that the IPFC with a POD can improve the angle stability of Power Systems.MestradoEnergia EletricaMestre em Engenharia Elétric

Intelligent Systems

This book is dedicated to intelligent systems of broad-spectrum application, such as personal and social biosafety or use of intelligent sensory micro-nanosystems such as "e-nose", "e-tongue" and "e-eye". In addition to that, effective acquiring information, knowledge management and improved knowledge transfer in any media, as well as modeling its information content using meta-and hyper heuristics and semantic reasoning all benefit from the systems covered in this book. Intelligent systems can also be applied in education and generating the intelligent distributed eLearning architecture, as well as in a large number of technical fields, such as industrial design, manufacturing and utilization, e.g., in precision agriculture, cartography, electric power distribution systems, intelligent building management systems, drilling operations etc. Furthermore, decision making using fuzzy logic models, computational recognition of comprehension uncertainty and the joint synthesis of goals and means of intelligent behavior biosystems, as well as diagnostic and human support in the healthcare environment have also been made easier

SEIS: Insight's Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure of Mars.

By the end of 2018, 42 years after the landing of the two Viking seismometers on Mars, InSight will deploy onto Mars' surface the SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure) instrument; a six-axes seismometer equipped with both a long-period three-axes Very Broad Band (VBB) instrument and a three-axes short-period (SP) instrument. These six sensors will cover a broad range of the seismic bandwidth, from 0.01 Hz to 50 Hz, with possible extension to longer periods. Data will be transmitted in the form of three continuous VBB components at 2 sample per second (sps), an estimation of the short period energy content from the SP at 1 sps and a continuous compound VBB/SP vertical axis at 10 sps. The continuous streams will be augmented by requested event data with sample rates from 20 to 100 sps. SEIS will improve upon the existing resolution of Viking's Mars seismic monitoring by a factor of ∼ 2500 at 1 Hz and ∼ 200 000 at 0.1 Hz. An additional major improvement is that, contrary to Viking, the seismometers will be deployed via a robotic arm directly onto Mars' surface and will be protected against temperature and wind by highly efficient thermal and wind shielding. Based on existing knowledge of Mars, it is reasonable to infer a moment magnitude detection threshold of M w ∼ 3 at 40 ∘ epicentral distance and a potential to detect several tens of quakes and about five impacts per year. In this paper, we first describe the science goals of the experiment and the rationale used to define its requirements. We then provide a detailed description of the hardware, from the sensors to the deployment system and associated performance, including transfer functions of the seismic sensors and temperature sensors. We conclude by describing the experiment ground segment, including data processing services, outreach and education networks and provide a description of the format to be used for future data distribution.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s11214-018-0574-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users