IoB-DTN: a lightweight DTN protocol for mobile IoT Applications to smart bike sharing systems

International audienceInformation and communication are key to the intelligent city of tomorrow. Many technologies have been designed to connect smart devices to the Internet. In particular, public transport systems have been used to collect data from mobile devices. Public bike sharing systems have been introduced as part of the urban transportation system and could be used as the support of a mobile sensor network. In this paper, we introduce the "Internet of Bikes" IoB-DTN protocol which applies De-lay/Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN) paradigm to the Internet of Things (IoT) applications running on urban bike sharing system based sensor network. We evaluate the performance of three variants of IoB-DTN with four buffer management policies. Our results show that limiting the number of packet copies sprayed in the network and prioritizing generated packets against relayed ones, improves on low loss rate and delivery delay in urban bicycle scenario

Evaluation du protocole IoB-DTN pour l’application IoT mobile

Communication is essential to the coordination of public transport systems. Nowadays,cities are facing an increasing number of bikes used by citizens therefore the need of monitoringand managing their traffic becomes crucial. Public bike sharing system has been introducedas an urban transportation system that can collect data from mobile devices. In this context,we introduce "IoB-DTN", a protocol based on the Delay/Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN)paradigm adapted for an IoT-like applications running on bike sharing system based sensor network.This document presents the simulation results obtained by evaluating the Binary Spray andWait inspired variant of IoB-DTN with four buffer management policies and by comparing threevariants of IoB-DTN by varying the number of packet copies sprayed in the network.La communication est essentielle à la coordination des systèmes de transportpublic. De nos jours, les villes font face à un nombre élevé de vélos utilisés par les citoyens,d’où la nécessité de surveiller et de gérer leur trafic. Le système de partage de vélo public a étéintroduit en tant que un système de transport urbain capable de collecter des donnés à partirdes appareils mobiles. Dans ce contexte, nous introduisons « IoB-DTN » un protocole basésur le paradigme DTN (Delay / Disruption Tolerant Network), adapté aux applications de typeIoT et fonctionnant sur un réseau de capteurs basé sur un système de partage de vélos. Cedocument présente les résultats de simulation obtenus en évaluant la variante Binary Spray andWait inspirée de IoB-DTN avec quatre politiques de gestion de tampons et en comparant troisvariantes de IoB-DTN en faisant varier le nombre de copies de paquets diffusés dans le réseau

Energy Management in RFID-Sensor Networks: Taxonomy and Challenges

Ubiquitous Computing is foreseen to play an important role for data production and network connectivity in the coming decades. The Internet of Things (IoT) research which has the capability to encapsulate identification potential and sensing capabilities, strives towards the objective of developing seamless, interoperable and securely integrated systems which can be achieved by connecting the Internet with computing devices. This gives way for the evolution of wireless energy harvesting and power transmission using computing devices. Radio Frequency (RF) based Energy Management (EM) has become the backbone for providing energy to wireless integrated systems. The two main techniques for EM in RFID Sensor Networks (RSN) are Energy Harvesting (EH) and Energy Transfer (ET). These techniques enable the dynamic energy level maintenance and optimisation as well as ensuring reliable communication which adheres to the goal of increased network performance and lifetime. In this paper, we present an overview of RSN, its types of integration and relative applications. We then provide the state-of-the-art EM techniques and strategies for RSN from August 2009 till date, thereby reviewing the existing EH and ET mechanisms designed for RSN. The taxonomy on various challenges for EM in RSN has also been articulated for open research directives

A Comparative Evaluation of the Performance of the multi-hop IoB-DTN routing protocol

International audienceFollowing the trend of the Internet of Thing, public transport systems are seen as an efficient bearer of mobile devices to generate and collect data in urban environments. Bicycle sharing system is one part of the city's larger transport system. In this article, we study the "Internet of Bikes" IoB-DTN protocol which applies the Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) paradigm to the Internet of Things (IoT) applications running on urban bike sharing system based sensor network. We evaluate the performances of the protocol with respect to the transmission power. Performances are measured in terms of delivery rate, delivery delay, throughput and energy cost. We also compare the multi-hop IoB-DTN protocol to a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology. LPWAN have been designed to provide cost-effective wide area connectivity for small throughput IoT applications: multiyear lifetime and multikilometer range for battery-operated mobile devices. This work aims at providing network designers and managers insights on the most relevant technology for their urban applications that could run on bike sharing systems. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to provide a detailed performance comparison between multi-hop and long range DTN-like protocol being applied to mobile network IoT devices running a data collection applications in an urban environment

An Investigation of IoT Importance and Viability of Health Records Retrieval using Electronic Tags in Pilgrimage

Health care services is one of the most important domains in the world. One of most important goals of healthcare services is the need of make accurate healthcare decisions in the right time. Retrieving useful historical health records of patients in real-time is necessary to provide accurate healthcare decisions. Traditional health record systems like paper-based system require time and efforts to collect, manage, and retrieve patients2019; records. Electronic health record systems were adopted to allow health staff to retrieve useful health records in real-time and consequently improve and speed up healthcare services. EHR is effective to serve patients in their local countries. Although EHR is effective for local healthcare services (i.e. hospitals within patient country), the implementations of EHR for global purposes is still an issue. EHR is not applicable for the persons who travel to other countries. One of the most important travelling purposes for Muslims is the pilgrimage journey. Each year millions of Muslims travel to KSA to complete pilgrimage rites. Pilgrims may need healthcare services and these services should be accomplished accurately in real-time which requires historical health records based electronic approaches. This study aims to investigate the importance and viability of IoT implementations to support EHR retrieving of pilgrims using electronic tags. A questionnaire with 60 academic staff and interview with five experts from KSA were conducted to address the main aim of this study. The significance of the results show that EHR supporting tags reading is a promising solution to enhance healthcare services and avoid the challenges of EHR implementations in pilgrimage

Internet of Bikes: A DTN Protocol with Data Aggregation for Urban Data Collection

International audienceIntelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are an essential part of the global world. They play a substantial role for facing many issues such as traffic jams, high accident rates, unhealthy lifestyles, air pollution, etc. Public bike sharing system is one part of ITS and can be used to collect data from mobiles devices. In this paper, we propose an efficient, " Internet of Bikes " , IoB-DTN routing protocol based on data aggregation which applies the Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) paradigm to Internet of Things (IoT) applications running data collection on urban bike sharing system based sensor network. We propose and evaluate three variants of IoB-DTN: IoB based on spatial aggregation (IoB-SA), IoB based on temporal aggregation (IoB-TA) and IoB based on spatiotemporal aggregation (IoB-STA). The simulation results show that the three variants offer the best performances regarding several metrics, comparing to IoB-DTN without aggregation and the low-power long-range technology, LoRa type. In an urban application, the choice of the type of which variant of IoB should be used depends on the sensed values

CoAP over BP for a Delay-Tolerant Internet of Things

International audienceWith the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) a myriad of new devices will become part of our everyday life. Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), and its extensions, are specifically designed to address the integration of these constrained devices. However, due to their limited resources, they are often unable to be fully connected and instead form intermittently connected and sparse networks in which Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) is more appropriate, in particular through the Bundle Protocol (BP). This paper addresses the implementation of a BP binding for CoAP as a means to enable Delay Tolerant IoT. After an overview of CoAP and BP, we present a basic implementation of CoAP/BP that we developed and some first experimentation results that validate the feasibility of the approach. Several leads are then explored regarding ways to take advantage of the BP features in order to achieve an optimized CoAP/BP implementation

Exploring the Determinants of IoT Adoption: Findings from a Systematic Literature Review

The Internet of Things (IoT) heralds a new era of disruptive technologies that provide organizations with both benefits and challenges. However, organizational adoption of IoT is not yet widespread and greater understanding of the phenomenon is required. This study examines the existing literature on the key determinants (drivers, benefits, barriers, and challenges) that influence the adoption of IoT by organizations. Therefore, this paper presents findings from a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and concept matrix approach to identify these IoT adoption determinants at the organizational level. The key constructs of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) were examined in relation to the determinants identified to understand applicability of this theory in the IoT context. Future research will complement these findings through an empirical investigation. Therefore, the overall aim of this research is 1) to generate a model that outlines the determinants influencing organizational IoT adoption and 2) to ascertain the applicability of UTAUT in understanding IoT adoption and to further enrich UTAUT by contextualizing its constructs to the IoT phenomenon

An Investigation of IoT Importance and Viability of Health Records Retrieval using Electronic Tags in Pilgrimage

Healthcare services is one of most important domains in the world. One of most crucial aspects of healthcare services is the need to make accurate healthcare decisions at the right time. Retrieving useful historical health records of patients in real-time is necessary to provide accurate healthcare decisions. Traditional health record systems such as paperbased system require time and effort to collect, manage, and retrieve patients’ records. Electronic health record systems were adopted to allow healthcare staff to retrieve useful health records in real-time and consequently improve and speed up healthcare services. Although EHR is effective to serve patients in their local countries, the implementation of EHR for global purposes is still an issue and EHR is not always applicable for people who travel to other countries. One of the most important purposes for Muslims to travel is the pilgrimage journey to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to perform religious rites. The millions of pilgrims converging there may need healthcare services and these services should be accomplished accurately in real-time which require electronic-based historical health records approaches. This study aims to investigate the importance and viability of IoT implementati ons to support retrieval of pilgrims’ EHR using electronic tags. A questionnaire with 60 academic staff and interview with five experts from KSA were conducted to address the main aim of this study. The significance of the results shows that EHR supporting tag reading is a promising solution to enhance healthcare services and counter the challenges of EHR implementations in pilgrimage

D-DSC: Decoding Delay-based Distributed Source Coding for Internet of Sensing Things.

Spatial correlation between densely deployed sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network (WSN) can be exploited to reduce the power consumption through a proper source coding mechanism such as distributed source coding (DSC). In this paper, we propose the Decoding Delay-based Distributed Source Coding (D-DSC) to improve the energy efficiency of the classical DSC by employing the decoding delay concept which enables the use of the maximum correlated portion of sensor samples during the event estimation. In D-DSC, network is partitioned into clusters, where the clusterheads communicate their uncompressed samples carrying the side information, and the cluster members send their compressed samples. Sink performs joint decoding of the compressed and uncompressed samples and then reconstructs the event signal using the decoded sensor readings. Based on the observed degree of the correlation among sensor samples, the sink dynamically updates and broadcasts the varying compression rates back to the sensor nodes. Simulation results for the performance evaluation reveal that D-DSC can achieve reliable and energy-efficient event communication and estimation for practical signal detection/estimation applications having massive number of sensors towards the realization of Internet of Sensing Things (IoST)