Decision Processes, Synergism, and Shared Governance in a California Community College District

Many California community colleges face difficult decisions when implementing the State\u27s shared governance mandate on institutional planning and budgeting processes. Using Allison and Zelikow\u27s rational, organizational, and political decision models as the foundation, the purpose of this narrative study was to explore decision processes used by a successful community college district in California to understand its success with the State\u27s mandated institutional planning and budgeting processes. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 10 individuals representing a board of trustees, 3 administrations, 3 academic senates, and a faculty association. Data were inductively coded and then subjected to Ollerenshaw and Creswell\u27s narrative analysis procedure. All 10 narratives were assigned decision process scores based on Allison and Zelikow\u27s framework and 6 specific planning and budgeting decision events. Findings indicate that elements from all 3 decision models were routinely used to create synergism of actions leading to a collaborative and strong unity of effort. In addition, favored decision-making processes may have overcome rational choice impediments in the budgeting area. The positive social change implication includes a recommendation to the academic leaders of all 72 California community college districts that they capitalize on the synergistic interactions of decision processes required for successful institutional planning and budgeting. In addition, leaders should use favored decision models sparingly to fulfill California\u27s legislative mandate for a quality and college-educated workforce. The ultimate unity of effort for academic leaders is to correct the shortfall of a million college graduates needed by 2025 for California\u27s workforce

СОВМЕСТНОЕ ПРИНЯТИЕ РЕШЕНИЯ О ПОТОКАХ ПРИЛЕТА И ВЫЛЕТА ВОЗДУШНЫХ СУДОВ ПРИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ВОЗДУШНОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ

The article introduces the general solution – to regulate air traffic flow through the implementation of a set of operational procedures and automated processes for tactical airspace planning and collaborative decision-making (AMAN, DMAN, CDM, A-CDM).The specific solution – to unite all airport operators in gross productivity is suggested. It gives them a single image of the air and ground space and the decision-making effectiveness.The acceptance rate of loaded aerodromes depends on the ability of ATS units at these aerodromes providing approach, arrival and departure for the required airspace capacity of the aerodrome area.The basis of module is a manual procedure, in which the air traffic controller arranges departures or arrivals in real time. Furthermore, there are problems that lead to sub-optimal control decisions especially in taxi procedures planning for departure and holding arrival/departure.According to the experience of airports workload in Europe, the optimal decision-making is successful implementation of new operational procedures and automated processes for tactical airspace planning and collaborative decisionmaking (AMAN, DMAN, CDM, A-CDM).Arrival Manager (AMANs) systems are primarily designed to provide automated sequencing support for the ATCOs handling traffic arriving at an airport, continuously calculating arrival sequences and times for flights, taking into account the locally defined landing rate, the required spacing for flights arriving to the runway. AMAN system can be an integral part of the A-CDM process for interested operators. Departure Manager (DMAN) is a planning system to improve departure flows at airports.Nowadays, the information on airport operations and aircraft readiness is used partly when ATMF is planning the traffic flow throughout the entire ATM system. The most important decision is the information exchange between the interested operators who are criticized for achieving performance indicators for the busiest airports.Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM) and Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) both contribute to solve all these problems.Эффективность работы аэродрома зависит от способности органов ОВД организовать подход, прибытие и вылет воздушных судов для обеспечения требуемой пропускной способности воздушного пространства в районе аэродрома. В настоящее время на большинстве аэродромов авиадиспетчер организует вылет или прилет воздушных судов. Кроме этого существуют проблемы планирования прилета/вылета.В статье описывается общее решение регулирования потоков прилета и вылета воздушных судов путем внедрения новых технологий автоматизации процессов текущего планирования и совместного принятия решений (AMAN, DMAN, CDM, A-CDM).Предложено конкретное решение, которое способно объединять интересы партнеров (операторов аэропорта, эксплуатантов воздушных судов, агентов по наземному обслуживанию и службы организации воздушного движения (ОВД)) в совместной работе, создать основы эффективного принятия решений, благодаря более точной и своевременной информации, дающей всем партнерам в аэропорту единую оперативную картину воздушного движения.Менеджер прибытия (АМАN) предназначен для автоматизированной поддержки авиадиспетчеров по обработке трафика прибывающих в аэропорт воздушных судов, непрерывного расчета времени и последовательности прибытия. Информация AMAN может быть составной частью информационной среды процесса совместного принятия решений в аэропорту (A-CDM) для всех заинтересованных сторон

Decision map for spatial decision making in urban planning

In this paper, we introduce the concept of decision map and illustrate the way this new concept can be used effectively to support participation in spatial decision making and in urban planning. First, we start by introducing our spatial decision process which is composed of five, non-necessary sequential, phases: problem identification and formulation, analysis, negotiation, concertation, and evaluation and choice. Negotiation and concertation are two main phases in spatial decision making but most available frameworks do not provide tools to support them effectively. The solution proposed here is based on the concept of decision map which is defined as an advanced version of conventional geographic maps which is enriched with preferential information and especially designed to clarify decision making. It looks like a set of homogenous spatial units; each one is characterised with a global, often ordinal, evaluation that represents an aggregation of several partial evaluations relative to different criteria. The decision map is also enriched with different spatial data exploration tools. The procedure of the construction of a decision map contains four main steps: definition of the problem (i.e. generation of criteria maps), generation of an intermediate map, inference of preferential parameters, and generation of a final decision map. The concept of decision map as defined here is a generic tool that may be applied in different domains. This paper focuses on the role of the decision map in supporting participation in spatial decision making and urban planning. Indeed, the decision map is an efficient communication tool in the sense that it permits to the different groups implied in the spatial decision process to ‘think visually’ and to communicate better between each other.ou

Citizens, experts and the environmental impact statement: procedural structures and participatory boundaries

2010 Fall.Includes bibliographic references (pages 242-247).Covers not scanned.Print version deaccessioned 2022.This thesis is a qualitative case-study of environmental management and decision-making as practiced by the Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) in accordance with the environmental impact statement (EIS) process. Because there has been little empirical study of the EIS process despite criticisms that it has generally failed to both meaningfully engage citizens in governance and produce environmental outcomes consistent with the substantive aims of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), this study provides an in-depth and longitudinal analysis of the ways in which EIS procedures impacted the collaborative planning and development of RMNP's elk and vegetation management EIS. To explore how EIS procedures affect environmental planning and management, I use RMNP's archival records to reconstruct the life-cycle of the planning process and the events, processes, actors and considerations that played a role in shaping the trajectory and outcomes of planning. Furthermore, archival data is supplemented with semi-structured interviews to document how the management issue with elk and vegetation was constructed and shaped by the managerial imperatives of the park, the efforts and concerns of interagency collaborators and citizens, and by EIS protocol as it was interpreted by the interagency team and influential upon planning considerations, decisions and outcomes. The findings of this study contribute to an understanding of the EIS as a decision-making procedure and also provide some empirical support for scholarly criticisms of the EIS. However, these findings also suggest that the procedure's affects on environmental governance are more complex than currently theorized and difficult to disentangle from the constraints that divergent interagency orientations, interests and policies, and divisive and impassioned views among citizens pose for environmental governance. Therefore, this study is as much as case-study of interagency collaboration and citizen participation in the context of environmental management in the contemporary U.S. as it is a case-study of the EIS process. For this reason, my discussion of how conflicts and constraints emerged during planning, were addressed by interagency actors, and subsequently impacted public participation and managerial outcomes provides insights useful for scholars of environmental management or governance as well as practitioners who encounter these scenarios both within and outside of the EIS

Measuring situation awareness in complex systems: Comparison of measures study

Situation Awareness (SA) is a distinct critical commodity for teams working in complex industrial systems and its measurement is a key provision in system, procedural and training design efforts. This article describes a study that was undertaken in order to compare three different SA measures (a freeze probe recall approach, a post trial subjective rating approach and a critical incident interview technique) when used to assess participant SA during a military planning task. The results indicate that only the freeze probe recall method produced a statistically significant correlation with performance on the planning task and also that there was no significant correlation between the three methods, which suggests that they were effectively measuring different things during the trials. In conclusion, the findings, whilst raising doubts over the validity of post trial subjective rating and interview-based approaches, offer validation evidence for the use of freeze probe recall approaches to measure SA. The findings are subsequently discussed with regard to their implications for the future measurement of SA in complex collaborative systems

Supporting metropolitan Venice coastline climate adaptation. A multi-vulnerability and exposure assessment approach

Urban planning for adaptation to climate change privileges the construction of cognitive frameworks developed through the use of new spatial technologies and open-source databases. The significant and most highly innovative aspect concerns how resilience to CC under conditions of vulnerability and risk is defined, monitored and assessed. Based on these premises, this paper aims to explore a new methodology of climate vulnerability, exposure and risk analysis through multicriteria assessment techniques by activating a case study in the coastal municipality of Jesolo (Italy). Taking into consideration three main weather-climate impacts (Urban Flooding, Coastal Flooding and Urban Heat Island) the methodology searches for the best geo-referenced data that can best describe the recognizing impact of the cumulative impact condition through testing a GIS-based multi-attribute exploratory procedure. Intersectoral and multilevel vulnerability conditions at different spatial scales are configured. The analysis methodology continues using open source data (from Open Street Map) to construct local exposure information layers. Exposure combined with spatial vulnerability conditions allows the generation of multi-hazard mapping. Experimentation with multi-hazard climate-oriented spatial assessment can guide planning and public decision-making in new policy domains and target mitigation and adaptation actions in land planning, management and regulation practices. Finally, the proposed methodology can activate stakeholder engagement processes within municipalities to discuss the actual perceived risk and begin a collaborative journey with citizens to identify best practices and solutions to adopt in the areas indicated by the risk mapping

Leading interagency planning and collaboration in mass gatherings: public health and safety in the 2012 London Olympics

OBJECTIVES: Planning and implementing public health initiatives in mass gatherings such as the Olympic Games pose unique challenges for interorganizational collaboration, which involves interaction among multiple and diverse agencies. Nonetheless, there is limited empirical evidence to support interagency collaboration and public health planning decisions in mass gatherings and how leadership can shape such interactions. We empirically explored these topics in the 2012 London Olympics to identify lessons to inform planning for future mass gatherings. STUDY DESIGN: This is a qualitative case study. METHODS: Data comprised 39 semistructured interviews with key informants conducted before, during, and after the games; in addition, direct observations of field exercises and documentary analysis were also used. Open coding and thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: We identified two main leadership challenges that influenced interagency collaboration: organizational public health leadership and coordinating collaborative decision-making. Two facilitative conditions helped overcome the previous challenges: nurturing interorganizational linkages and creating shared understanding by activating codified frameworks at the organizational level. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights leadership issues in interagency collaboration in mass gatherings. Practical implications arising from this study may inform the ways the organizers of mass gatherings, public health and safety agencies, and professionals can engage in effective partnerships and joint working

Therapists’ experiences and perceptions of teamwork in neurological rehabilitation: Critical happenings in effective and ineffective teamwork

This article reports the second part of an exploratory study into occupational therapists` and physiotherapists` perceptions and experiences of team-work in neurological rehabilitation: the factors that were thought to influence effective and ineffective team-work, and the meaning behind effective and ineffective team work in neurological rehabilitation. The study was undertaken through semi-structured interviews of 10 therapists from three different neurological rehabilitation teams based in the United Kingdom, and used the critical incident technique. Through analysis of the data, several main themes emerged regarding the perceived critical happenings in effective and ineffective team work. These were: team events and characteristics, team members` characteristics, shared and collaborative working practices, communication, specific organisational structures, environmental, external, and patient and family related factors. Effective and ineffective team-work was perceived to impact on a number of levels: having implications for the team, the patient, individual team members, and the neurological rehabilitation service. The study supported the perceived value of team work within neurological rehabilitation. It also indicated the extensive and variable factors that may influence the team working process as well as the complex and diverse nature of the process

Geo-questionnaire in urban planning – preliminary results of the experimental application in Poland

Changes in the attitude of local authorities towards the public participation in the decision making processes have prompted development of new methods of such involvement. As far as the urban planning is concerned, of particular potential is the so-called Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS). One of the tools used for the purpose is a geo-questionnaire, combining the benefits of a standard questionnaire and a map, which permits collecting information on particular sites and on the respondents’ ideas on localisation of new objects and functionalities.Within the project “Geoportal supporting public participation in urban planning”, in the years 2015–2016, a study was undertaken to explore the effectiveness and usefulness of the geo-questionnaire. Five pilot studies were performed in the Poznań and Łódź agglomerations. The geo-questionnaires concerned the local spatial management plan in Rokietnica (Poznań agglomeration), landscape protection in Łódź, conception of the transportation system development in Łódź, conception of urban design of the Łazarski Market in Poznań, and the Map of Local Needs in the city center of Poznań. The aim of the study was to present the preliminary results of the initial implementations of geo-questionnaire developed within the project Geoportal supporting public participation in urban planning. The applications of geo-questionnaire have been analysed taking into account the characteristics of implementation areas, characteristics of users, the effectiveness of recruitment methods and opinions about the tool from two points of view: the respondents and the recipients of results