1,543 research outputs found
The future of laboratory medicine - A 2014 perspective.
Predicting the future is a difficult task. Not surprisingly, there are many examples and assumptions that have proved to be wrong. This review surveys the many predictions, beginning in 1887, about the future of laboratory medicine and its sub-specialties such as clinical chemistry and molecular pathology. It provides a commentary on the accuracy of the predictions and offers opinions on emerging technologies, economic factors and social developments that may play a role in shaping the future of laboratory medicine
Privacy and Accountability in Black-Box Medicine
Black-box medicineāthe use of big data and sophisticated machine learning techniques for health-care applicationsācould be the future of personalized medicine. Black-box medicine promises to make it easier to diagnose rare diseases and conditions, identify the most promising treatments, and allocate scarce resources among different patients. But to succeed, it must overcome two separate, but related, problems: patient privacy and algorithmic accountability. Privacy is a problem because researchers need access to huge amounts of patient health information to generate useful medical predictions. And accountability is a problem because black-box algorithms must be verified by outsiders to ensure they are accurate and unbiased, but this means giving outsiders access to this health information.
This article examines the tension between the twin goals of privacy and accountability and develops a framework for balancing that tension. It proposes three pillars for an effective system of privacy-preserving accountability: substantive limitations on the collection, use, and disclosure of patient information; independent gatekeepers regulating information sharing between those developing and verifying black-box algorithms; and information-security requirements to prevent unintentional disclosures of patient information. The article examines and draws on a similar debate in the field of clinical trials, where disclosing information from past trials can lead to new treatments but also threatens patient privacy
The doctoral research abstracts. Vol:7 2015 / Institute of Graduate Studies, UiTM
Foreword:
The Seventh Issue of The Doctoral Research Abstracts captures the novelty of
65 doctorates receiving their scrolls in UiTMās 82nd Convocation in the field of
Science and Technology, Business and Administration, and Social Science and
Humanities. To the recipients I would like to say that you have most certainly
done UiTM proud by journeying through the scholastic path with its endless
challenges and impediments, and persevering right till the very end.
This convocation should not be regarded as the end of your highest scholarly
achievement and contribution to the body of knowledge but rather as the
beginning of embarking into high impact innovative research for the
community and country from knowledge gained during this academic
journey.
As alumni of UiTM, we will always hold you dear to our hearts. A new
āhandshakeā is about to take place between you and UiTM as joint
collaborators in future research undertakings. I envisioned a strong
research pact between you as our alumni and UiTM in breaking the
frontier of knowledge through research.
I wish you all the best in your endeavour and may I offer my
congratulations to all the graduands. āUiTM sentiasa dihati kuā /
Tan Sri Datoā Sri Prof Ir Dr Sahol Hamid Abu Bakar , FASc, PEng
Vice Chancellor
Universiti Teknologi MAR
Mathematical Fuzzy Logic in the Emerging Fields of Engineering, Finance, and Computer Sciences
Mathematical fuzzy logic (MFL) specifically targets many-valued logic and has significantly contributed to the logical foundations of fuzzy set theory (FST). It explores the computational and philosophical rationale behind the uncertainty due to imprecision in the backdrop of traditional mathematical logic. Since uncertainty is present in almost every real-world application, it is essential to develop novel approaches and tools for efficient processing. This book is the collection of the publications in the Special Issue āMathematical Fuzzy Logic in the Emerging Fields of Engineering, Finance, and Computer Sciencesā, which aims to cover theoretical and practical aspects of MFL and FST. Specifically, this book addresses several problems, such as:- Industrial optimization problems- Multi-criteria decision-making- Financial forecasting problems- Image processing- Educational data mining- Explainable artificial intelligence, etc
When artificial intelligence meets educational leadersā data-informed decision-making: A cautionary tale
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to a type of algorithms or computerized systems that resemble human mental processes of decision making. Drawing upon multidisciplinary literature that intersects AI, decision making, educational leadership, and policymaking, this position paper aims to examine promising applications and potential perils of AI in educational leadersā data-informed decision making (DIDM). Endowed with ever-growing computational power and real-time data, highly scalable AI can increase efficiency and accuracy in leadersā DIDM. However, misusing AI can have perilous effects on education stakeholders. Many lurking biases in current AI could be amplified. Of more concern, the moral values (e.g., fairness, equity, honesty, and doing no harm) we uphold might clash with using AI to make data-informed decisions. Further, missteps on the issues about data security and privacy could have a life-long impact on stakeholders. The article concludes with recommendations for educational leaders to leverage AI potential and minimize its negative consequences
Applying Cost-Benefit to Past Decisions: Was Environmental Protection Ever a Good Idea?
In this Article, however, we do not mount a critique from outside the technique of cost-benefit analysis. Instead, we examine an argument that proponents of cost-benefit analysis have offered as a linchpin of the case for cost-benefit: that this technique is neither anti- nor pro-regulatory, but rather a neutral tool for evaluating public policy. In making this argument, these proponents have often invoked the use of cost-benefit analysis to support previous regulatory decisions (their favorite example involves the phase down of lead in gasoline, which we shall shortly discuss) as a sign that this technique can be used to support as well as to undermine protective regulation. As we demonstrate, however, cost-benefit analysis would have stood as an obstacle to early regulatory successes. Before turning to the various case studies illustrating this point, we first take a brief look at previous efforts to undertake retrospective cost-benefit analyses of important regulatory achievements
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