28,182 research outputs found
Application of Machine Learning in Wireless Networks: Key Techniques and Open Issues
As a key technique for enabling artificial intelligence, machine learning
(ML) is capable of solving complex problems without explicit programming.
Motivated by its successful applications to many practical tasks like image
recognition, both industry and the research community have advocated the
applications of ML in wireless communication. This paper comprehensively
surveys the recent advances of the applications of ML in wireless
communication, which are classified as: resource management in the MAC layer,
networking and mobility management in the network layer, and localization in
the application layer. The applications in resource management further include
power control, spectrum management, backhaul management, cache management,
beamformer design and computation resource management, while ML based
networking focuses on the applications in clustering, base station switching
control, user association and routing. Moreover, literatures in each aspect is
organized according to the adopted ML techniques. In addition, several
conditions for applying ML to wireless communication are identified to help
readers decide whether to use ML and which kind of ML techniques to use, and
traditional approaches are also summarized together with their performance
comparison with ML based approaches, based on which the motivations of surveyed
literatures to adopt ML are clarified. Given the extensiveness of the research
area, challenges and unresolved issues are presented to facilitate future
studies, where ML based network slicing, infrastructure update to support ML
based paradigms, open data sets and platforms for researchers, theoretical
guidance for ML implementation and so on are discussed.Comment: 34 pages,8 figure
Survey of Important Issues in UAV Communication Networks
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have enormous potential in the public and
civil domains. These are particularly useful in applications where human lives
would otherwise be endangered. Multi-UAV systems can collaboratively complete
missions more efficiently and economically as compared to single UAV systems.
However, there are many issues to be resolved before effective use of UAVs can
be made to provide stable and reliable context-specific networks. Much of the
work carried out in the areas of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), and Vehicular
Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) does not address the unique characteristics of the UAV
networks. UAV networks may vary from slow dynamic to dynamic; have intermittent
links and fluid topology. While it is believed that ad hoc mesh network would
be most suitable for UAV networks yet the architecture of multi-UAV networks
has been an understudied area. Software Defined Networking (SDN) could
facilitate flexible deployment and management of new services and help reduce
cost, increase security and availability in networks. Routing demands of UAV
networks go beyond the needs of MANETS and VANETS. Protocols are required that
would adapt to high mobility, dynamic topology, intermittent links, power
constraints and changing link quality. UAVs may fail and the network may get
partitioned making delay and disruption tolerance an important design
consideration. Limited life of the node and dynamicity of the network leads to
the requirement of seamless handovers where researchers are looking at the work
done in the areas of MANETs and VANETs, but the jury is still out. As energy
supply on UAVs is limited, protocols in various layers should contribute
towards greening of the network. This article surveys the work done towards all
of these outstanding issues, relating to this new class of networks, so as to
spur further research in these areas.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1304.3904 by
other author
Dynamic Clustering and Sleep Mode Strategies for Small Cell Networks
In this paper, a novel cluster-based approach for optimizing the energy
efficiency of wireless small cell networks is proposed. A dynamic mechanism
based on the spectral clustering technique is proposed to dynamically form
clusters of small cell base stations. Such clustering enables intra-cluster
coordination among the base stations for optimizing the downlink performance
through load balancing, while satisfying users' quality-of-service
requirements. In the proposed approach, the clusters use an opportunistic base
station sleep-wake switching mechanism to strike a balance between delay and
energy consumption. The inter-cluster interference affects the performance of
the clusters and their choices of active or sleep state. Due to the lack of
inter-cluster communications, the clusters have to compete with each other to
make decisions on improving the energy efficiency. This competition is
formulated as a noncooperative game among the clusters that seek to minimize a
cost function which captures the tradeoff between energy expenditure and load.
To solve this game, a distributed learning algorithm is proposed using which
the clusters autonomously choose their optimal transmission strategies.
Simulation results show that the proposed approach yields significant
performance gains in terms of reduced energy expenditures up to 40% and reduced
load up to 23% compared to conventional approaches.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, ISWCS 2014 (published), pp. 934-938,
Aug. 2014. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1604.0875
Congestion-Aware Distributed Network Selection for Integrated Cellular and Wi-Fi Networks
Intelligent network selection plays an important role in achieving an
effective data offloading in the integrated cellular and Wi-Fi networks.
However, previously proposed network selection schemes mainly focused on
offloading as much data traffic to Wi-Fi as possible, without systematically
considering the Wi-Fi network congestion and the ping-pong effect, both of
which may lead to a poor overall user quality of experience. Thus, in this
paper, we study a more practical network selection problem by considering both
the impacts of the network congestion and switching penalties. More
specifically, we formulate the users' interactions as a Bayesian network
selection game (NSG) under the incomplete information of the users' mobilities.
We prove that it is a Bayesian potential game and show the existence of a pure
Bayesian Nash equilibrium that can be easily reached. We then propose a
distributed network selection (DNS) algorithm based on the network congestion
statistics obtained from the operator. Furthermore, we show that computing the
optimal centralized network allocation is an NP-hard problem, which further
justifies our distributed approach. Simulation results show that the DNS
algorithm achieves the highest user utility and a good fairness among users, as
compared with the on-the-spot offloading and cellular-only benchmark schemes
Analysis of Location Management Schemes for MANET using Synthetic Mobility Models
In the performance evaluation of a protocol for an ad hoc network, the
protocol should be tested under realistic conditions including, but not limited
to, a sensible transmission range, limited buffer space for the storage of
messages, representative data traffic models, and realistic movements of the
mobile users and several mobility models that represent mobile nodes whose
movements are dependent on each other (i.e., group mobility models ).The goal
of this paper is to simulate the movements of mobile nodes within a network and
present a number of mobility models in order to demonstrate its effect on
Location management scheme for mobile ad hoc network or personal communication
services networks. Specifically, to illustrate how the performance results of
an ad hoc network protocol drastically change as a result of changing the
mobility model simulated. Location management is a fundamental problem in
personal communication services network. The current standard of location
management is HLR/VLR scheme. It has been observed that the performance of any
location management scheme depends on space requirements, bandwidth
requirements and time requirements. To avoid certain drawbacks in HLR/VLR
scheme, many approaches including hierarchical approaches have been suggested.
Working set idea is chosen to analyze its performance for location management
in PCS networks. Due to inadequacy of standard network simulators to provide
the output in the format desired, a new location management simulator can be
built. Two variants of working set idea viz. Working set scheme for HLR/VLR
approach and working set scheme for hierarchical approach can be used and then
compare the performance of HLR/VLR scheme and working set scheme using the
results obtained by the simulator with respect to already available mobile
activity traces.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
Reconfigurable Wireless Networks
Driven by the advent of sophisticated and ubiquitous applications, and the
ever-growing need for information, wireless networks are without a doubt
steadily evolving into profoundly more complex and dynamic systems. The user
demands are progressively rampant, while application requirements continue to
expand in both range and diversity. Future wireless networks, therefore, must
be equipped with the ability to handle numerous, albeit challenging
requirements. Network reconfiguration, considered as a prominent network
paradigm, is envisioned to play a key role in leveraging future network
performance and considerably advancing current user experiences. This paper
presents a comprehensive overview of reconfigurable wireless networks and an
in-depth analysis of reconfiguration at all layers of the protocol stack. Such
networks characteristically possess the ability to reconfigure and adapt their
hardware and software components and architectures, thus enabling flexible
delivery of broad services, as well as sustaining robust operation under highly
dynamic conditions. The paper offers a unifying framework for research in
reconfigurable wireless networks. This should provide the reader with a
holistic view of concepts, methods, and strategies in reconfigurable wireless
networks. Focus is given to reconfigurable systems in relatively new and
emerging research areas such as cognitive radio networks, cross-layer
reconfiguration and software-defined networks. In addition, modern networks
have to be intelligent and capable of self-organization. Thus, this paper
discusses the concept of network intelligence as a means to enable
reconfiguration in highly complex and dynamic networks. Finally, the paper is
supported with several examples and case studies showing the tremendous impact
of reconfiguration on wireless networks.Comment: 28 pages, 26 figures; Submitted to the Proceedings of the IEEE (a
special issue on Reconfigurable Systems
Markov Decision Processes with Applications in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of autonomous and resource-limited
devices. The devices cooperate to monitor one or more physical phenomena within
an area of interest. WSNs operate as stochastic systems because of randomness
in the monitored environments. For long service time and low maintenance cost,
WSNs require adaptive and robust methods to address data exchange, topology
formulation, resource and power optimization, sensing coverage and object
detection, and security challenges. In these problems, sensor nodes are to make
optimized decisions from a set of accessible strategies to achieve design
goals. This survey reviews numerous applications of the Markov decision process
(MDP) framework, a powerful decision-making tool to develop adaptive algorithms
and protocols for WSNs. Furthermore, various solution methods are discussed and
compared to serve as a guide for using MDPs in WSNs
Energy and Information Management of Electric Vehicular Network: A Survey
The connected vehicle paradigm empowers vehicles with the capability to
communicate with neighboring vehicles and infrastructure, shifting the role of
vehicles from a transportation tool to an intelligent service platform.
Meanwhile, the transportation electrification pushes forward the electric
vehicle (EV) commercialization to reduce the greenhouse gas emission by
petroleum combustion. The unstoppable trends of connected vehicle and EVs
transform the traditional vehicular system to an electric vehicular network
(EVN), a clean, mobile, and safe system. However, due to the mobility and
heterogeneity of the EVN, improper management of the network could result in
charging overload and data congestion. Thus, energy and information management
of the EVN should be carefully studied. In this paper, we provide a
comprehensive survey on the deployment and management of EVN considering all
three aspects of energy flow, data communication, and computation. We first
introduce the management framework of EVN. Then, research works on the EV
aggregator (AG) deployment are reviewed to provide energy and information
infrastructure for the EVN. Based on the deployed AGs, we present the research
work review on EV scheduling that includes both charging and vehicle-to-grid
(V2G) scheduling. Moreover, related works on information communication and
computing are surveyed under each scenario. Finally, we discuss open research
issues in the EVN
Metadata Challenge for Query Processing Over Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network
Wireless sensor networks become integral part of our life. These networks can
be used for monitoring the data in various domain due to their flexibility and
functionality. Query processing and optimization in the WSN is a very
challenging task because of their energy and memory constraint. In this paper,
first our focus is to review the different approaches that have significant
impacts on the development of query processing techniques for WSN. Finally, we
aim to illustrate the existing approach in popular query processing engines
with future research challenges in query optimization.Comment: 15 Page
A survey on data and transaction management in mobile databases
The popularity of the Mobile Database is increasing day by day as people need
information even on the move in the fast changing world. This database
technology permits employees using mobile devices to connect to their corporate
networks, hoard the needed data, work in the disconnected mode and reconnect to
the network to synchronize with the corporate database. In this scenario, the
data is being moved closer to the applications in order to improve the
performance and autonomy. This leads to many interesting problems in mobile
database research and Mobile Database has become a fertile land for many
researchers. In this paper a survey is presented on data and Transaction
management in Mobile Databases from the year 2000 onwards. The survey focuses
on the complete study on the various types of Architectures used in Mobile
databases and Mobile Transaction Models. It also addresses the data management
issues namely Replication and Caching strategies and the transaction management
functionalities such as Concurrency Control and Commit protocols,
Synchronization, Query Processing, Recovery and Security. It also provides
Research Directions in Mobile databases.Comment: 20 Pages; International Journal of Database Management Systems
(IJDMS) Vol.4, No.5, October 2012. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:0908.0076, arXiv:1005.1747, arXiv:1108.6195 by other author
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