509 research outputs found
Long- and short-time asymptotics of the first-passage time of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck and other mean-reverting processes
The first-passage problem of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process to a boundary is
a long-standing problem with no known closed-form solution except in specific
cases. Taking this as a starting-point, and extending to a general
mean-reverting process, we investigate the long- and short-time asymptotics
using a combination of Hopf-Cole and Laplace transform techniques. As a result
we are able to give a single formula that is correct in both limits, as well as
being exact in certain special cases. We demonstrate the results using a
variety of other models
Collective Decision-Making in Ideal Networks: The Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff
We study collective decision-making in a model of human groups, with network
interactions, performing two alternative choice tasks. We focus on the
speed-accuracy tradeoff, i.e., the tradeoff between a quick decision and a
reliable decision, for individuals in the network. We model the evidence
aggregation process across the network using a coupled drift diffusion model
(DDM) and consider the free response paradigm in which individuals take their
time to make the decision. We develop reduced DDMs as decoupled approximations
to the coupled DDM and characterize their efficiency. We determine high
probability bounds on the error rate and the expected decision time for the
reduced DDM. We show the effect of the decision-maker's location in the network
on their decision-making performance under several threshold selection
criteria. Finally, we extend the coupled DDM to the coupled Ornstein-Uhlenbeck
model for decision-making in two alternative choice tasks with recency effects,
and to the coupled race model for decision-making in multiple alternative
choice tasks.Comment: to appear in IEEE TCN
Multiple barrier-crossings of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck diffusion in consecutive periods
We investigate the joint distribution and the multivariate survival functions
for the maxima of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process in consecutive
time-intervals. A PDE method, alongside an eigenfunction expansion is adopted,
with which we first calculate the distribution and the survival functions for
the maximum of a homogeneous OU-process in a single interval. By a
deterministic time-change and a parameter translation, this result can be
extended to an inhomogeneous OU-process. Next, we derive a general formula for
the joint distribution and the survival functions for the maxima of a
continuous Markov process in consecutive periods. With these results, one can
obtain semi-analytical expressions for the joint distribution and the
multivariate survival functions for the maxima of an OU-process, with piecewise
constant parameter functions, in consecutive time periods. The joint
distribution and the survival functions can be evaluated numerically by an
iterated quadrature scheme, which can be implemented efficiently by matrix
multiplications. Moreover, we show that the computation can be further
simplified to the product of single quadratures if the filtration is enlarged.
Such results may be used for the modelling of heatwaves and related risk
management challenges.Comment: 38 pages, 10 figures, 2 table
First Passage Time Densities in Non-Markovian Models with Subthreshold Oscillations
Motivated by the dynamics of resonant neurons we consider a differentiable,
non-Markovian random process and particularly the time after which it
will reach a certain level . The probability density of this first passage
time is expressed as infinite series of integrals over joint probability
densities of and its velocity . Approximating higher order terms
of this series through the lower order ones leads to closed expressions in the
cases of vanishing and moderate correlations between subsequent crossings of
. For a linear oscillator driven by white or coloured Gaussian noise,
which models a resonant neuron, we show that these approximations reproduce the
complex structures of the first passage time densities characteristic for the
underdamped dynamics, where Markovian approximations (giving monotonous first
passage time distribution) fail
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