Migration from client/server architecture to internet computing architecture

The Internet Computing Architecture helps in providing a object-based infrastructure that can be used by the application developers to design, develop, and deploy the ntiered enterprise applications and services. For years of distributed application development, the Internet Computing Architecture has helped in providing various techniques and infrastructure software for the successful deployment of various systems, and established a foundation for the promotion of re-use and component oriented development. Object-oriented analysis is at the beginning of this architecture, which is carried through deploying and managing of finished systems. This architecture is multi-platform, multi-lingual, standards-based, and open that offers unparalleled integration capability. And for the development of mission critical systems in record time it has allowed for the reuse of the infrastructure components. This paper provides a detailed overview of the Internet Computing Architecture and the way it is applied to designing systems which can range from simple two-tier applications to n-tier Web/Object enterprise systems. Even for the best software developers and managers it is very hard to sort through alternative solutions in today\u27s business application development challenges. The problems with the potential solutions were not that complex now that the web has provided the medium for large-scale distributed computing. To implement an infrastructure for the support of applications architecture and to foster the component-oriented development and reuse is an extraordinary challenge. Further, to scale the needs of large enterprises and the Web/Internet the advancement in the multi-tiered middleware software have made the development of object-oriented systems more difficult. The Internet Computing Architecture defines a scaleable architecture, which can provide the necessary software components, which forms the basis of the solid middleware foundation and can address the different application types. For the software development process to be component-oriented the design and development methodologies are interwoven. The biggest advantage of the Internet Computing Architecture is that developers can design object application servers that can simultaneously support two- and three-tier Client/Server and Object/Web applications. This kind of flexibility allows different business objects to be reused by a large number of applications that not only supports a wide range of application architectures but also offers the flexibility in infrastructure for the integration of data sources. The server-based business objects are managed by runtime services with full support for application to be partitioned in a transactional-secure distributed environment. So for the environments that a supports high transaction volumes and a large number of users this offers a high scaleable solution. The integration of the distributed object technology with protocols of the World Wide Web is Internet Computing Architecture. Alternate means of communication between a browser on client machine and server machines are provided by various web protocols such as Hypertext Transfer Protocol and Internet Inter-ORB Protocol [NOP]. Protocols like TCP/IP also provides the addressing protocols and packetoriented transport for the Internet and Intranet communications. The recent advancements in the field of networking and worldwide web technology has promoted a new network-centric computing structure. World Wide Web evolves the global economy infrastructure both on the public and corporate Internet\u27s. The competition is growing between technologies to provide the infrastructure for distributed large-scale applications. These technologies emerge from academia, standard activities and individual vendors. Internet Computing Architecture is a comprehensive, open, Network-based architecture that provides extensibility for the design of distributed environments. Internet Computing Architecture also provides a clear understanding to integrate client/server computing with distributed object architectures and the Internet. This technology also creates the opportunity for a new emerging class of extremely powerful operational, collaboration, decision support, and e-commerce solutions which will catalyze the growth of a new networked economy based on intrabusiness, business -to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) electronic transactions. These network solutions would be able to incorporate legacy mainframe systems, emerging applications as well as existing client/server environment, where still most of the world\u27s mission-critical applications run. Internet Computing Architecture is the industry\u27s only cross-platform infrastructure to develop and deploy network-centric, object-based, end-to-end applications across the network. Open and de facto standards are at the core of the Internet computing architecture such as: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)/ Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)/ Extensible Markup Language (XML) and Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA). It has recognition, as the industry\u27s most advanced and practical technology solution for the implementation of a distributed object environment, including Interface Definition Language (IDL) for languageneutral interfaces and Internet Inter Operability (MOP) for object interoperability. Programming languages such as JAVA provides programmable, extensible and portable solutions throughout the Internet Computing Architecture. Internet Computing Architecture not only provides support, but also enhances ActiveX/Component Object Model (COM) clients through open COM/CORBA interoperability specifications. For distributed object-programming Java has also emerged as the de facto standard within the Internet/Intranet arena, making Java ideally suited to the distributed object nature of the Internet Computing Architecture. The portability that it offers across multi-tiers and platforms support open standards and makes it an excellent choice for cartridge development across all tiers

The Invasive Species Forecasting System

The Invasive Species Forecasting System (ISFS) provides computational support for the generic work processes found in many regional-scale ecosystem modeling applications. Decision support tools built using ISFS allow a user to load point occurrence field sample data for a plant species of interest and quickly generate habitat suitability maps for geographic regions of management concern, such as a national park, monument, forest, or refuge. This type of decision product helps resource managers plan invasive species protection, monitoring, and control strategies for the lands they manage. Until now, scientists and resource managers have lacked the data-assembly and computing capabilities to produce these maps quickly and cost efficiently. ISFS focuses on regional-scale habitat suitability modeling for invasive terrestrial plants. ISFS s component architecture emphasizes simplicity and adaptability. Its core services can be easily adapted to produce model-based decision support tools tailored to particular parks, monuments, forests, refuges, and related management units. ISFS can be used to build standalone run-time tools that require no connection to the Internet, as well as fully Internet-based decision support applications. ISFS provides the core data structures, operating system interfaces, network interfaces, and inter-component constraints comprising the canonical workflow for habitat suitability modeling. The predictors, analysis methods, and geographic extents involved in any particular model run are elements of the user space and arbitrarily configurable by the user. ISFS provides small, lightweight, readily hardened core components of general utility. These components can be adapted to unanticipated uses, are tailorable, and require at most a loosely coupled, nonproprietary connection to the Web. Users can invoke capabilities from a command line; programmers can integrate ISFS's core components into more complex systems and services. Taken together, these features enable a degree of decentralization and distributed ownership that have helped other types of scientific information services succeed in recent years

Distributed simulation and the grid: Position statements

The Grid provides a new and unrivaled technology for large scale distributed simulation as it enables collaboration and the use of distributed computing resources. This panel paper presents the views of four researchers in the area of Distributed Simulation and the Grid. Together we try to identify the main research issues involved in applying Grid technology to distributed simulation and the key future challenges that need to be solved to achieve this goal. Such challenges include not only technical challenges, but also political ones such as management methodology for the Grid and the development of standards. The benefits of the Grid to end-user simulation modelers also are discussed

Middleware Technologies for Cloud of Things - a survey

The next wave of communication and applications rely on the new services provided by Internet of Things which is becoming an important aspect in human and machines future. The IoT services are a key solution for providing smart environments in homes, buildings and cities. In the era of a massive number of connected things and objects with a high grow rate, several challenges have been raised such as management, aggregation and storage for big produced data. In order to tackle some of these issues, cloud computing emerged to IoT as Cloud of Things (CoT) which provides virtually unlimited cloud services to enhance the large scale IoT platforms. There are several factors to be considered in design and implementation of a CoT platform. One of the most important and challenging problems is the heterogeneity of different objects. This problem can be addressed by deploying suitable "Middleware". Middleware sits between things and applications that make a reliable platform for communication among things with different interfaces, operating systems, and architectures. The main aim of this paper is to study the middleware technologies for CoT. Toward this end, we first present the main features and characteristics of middlewares. Next we study different architecture styles and service domains. Then we presents several middlewares that are suitable for CoT based platforms and lastly a list of current challenges and issues in design of CoT based middlewares is discussed.Comment: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352864817301268, Digital Communications and Networks, Elsevier (2017

Middleware Technologies for Cloud of Things - a survey

The next wave of communication and applications rely on the new services provided by Internet of Things which is becoming an important aspect in human and machines future. The IoT services are a key solution for providing smart environments in homes, buildings and cities. In the era of a massive number of connected things and objects with a high grow rate, several challenges have been raised such as management, aggregation and storage for big produced data. In order to tackle some of these issues, cloud computing emerged to IoT as Cloud of Things (CoT) which provides virtually unlimited cloud services to enhance the large scale IoT platforms. There are several factors to be considered in design and implementation of a CoT platform. One of the most important and challenging problems is the heterogeneity of different objects. This problem can be addressed by deploying suitable "Middleware". Middleware sits between things and applications that make a reliable platform for communication among things with different interfaces, operating systems, and architectures. The main aim of this paper is to study the middleware technologies for CoT. Toward this end, we first present the main features and characteristics of middlewares. Next we study different architecture styles and service domains. Then we presents several middlewares that are suitable for CoT based platforms and lastly a list of current challenges and issues in design of CoT based middlewares is discussed.Comment: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352864817301268, Digital Communications and Networks, Elsevier (2017

No NAT'd User left Behind: Fingerprinting Users behind NAT from NetFlow Records alone

It is generally recognized that the traffic generated by an individual connected to a network acts as his biometric signature. Several tools exploit this fact to fingerprint and monitor users. Often, though, these tools assume to access the entire traffic, including IP addresses and payloads. This is not feasible on the grounds that both performance and privacy would be negatively affected. In reality, most ISPs convert user traffic into NetFlow records for a concise representation that does not include, for instance, any payloads. More importantly, large and distributed networks are usually NAT'd, thus a few IP addresses may be associated to thousands of users. We devised a new fingerprinting framework that overcomes these hurdles. Our system is able to analyze a huge amount of network traffic represented as NetFlows, with the intent to track people. It does so by accurately inferring when users are connected to the network and which IP addresses they are using, even though thousands of users are hidden behind NAT. Our prototype implementation was deployed and tested within an existing large metropolitan WiFi network serving about 200,000 users, with an average load of more than 1,000 users simultaneously connected behind 2 NAT'd IP addresses only. Our solution turned out to be very effective, with an accuracy greater than 90%. We also devised new tools and refined existing ones that may be applied to other contexts related to NetFlow analysis