2,653 research outputs found
Downlink Precoding for Massive MIMO Systems Exploiting Virtual Channel Model Sparsity
In this paper, the problem of designing a forward link linear precoder for
Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems in conjunction with
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is addressed. First, we employ a novel
and efficient methodology that allows for a sparse representation of multiple
users and groups in a fashion similar to Joint Spatial Division and
Multiplexing. Then, the method is generalized to include Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for frequency selective channels, resulting in
Combined Frequency and Spatial Division and Multiplexing, a configuration that
offers high flexibility in Massive MIMO systems. A challenge in such system
design is to consider finite alphabet inputs, especially with larger
constellation sizes such as . The proposed methodology is next
applied jointly with the complexity-reducing Per-Group Processing (PGP)
technique, on a per user group basis, in conjunction with QAM modulation and in
simulations, for constellation size up to . We show by numerical results
that the precoders developed offer significantly better performance than the
configuration with no precoder or the plain beamformer and with
Temporal and spatial combining for 5G mmWave small cells
This chapter proposes the combination of temporal processing through Rake combining based on direct sequence-spread spectrum (DS-SS), and multiple antenna beamforming or antenna spatial diversity as a possible physical layer access technique for fifth generation (5G) small cell base stations (SBS) operating in the millimetre wave (mmWave) frequencies. Unlike earlier works in the literature aimed at previous generation wireless, the use of the beamforming is presented as operating in the radio frequency (RF) domain, rather than the baseband domain, to minimise power expenditure as a more suitable method for 5G small cells. Some potential limitations associated with massive multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) for small cells are discussed relating to the likely limitation on available antennas and resultant beamwidth. Rather than relying, solely, on expensive and potentially power hungry massive MIMO (which in the case of a SBS for indoor use will be limited by a physically small form factor) the use of a limited number of antennas, complimented with Rake combining, or antenna diversity is given consideration for short distance indoor communications for both the SBS) and user equipment (UE). The proposal’s aim is twofold: to solve eroded path loss due to the effective antenna aperture reduction and to satisfy sensitivity to blockages and multipath dispersion in indoor, small coverage area base stations. Two candidate architectures are proposed. With higher data rates, more rigorous analysis of circuit power and its effect on energy efficiency (EE) is provided. A detailed investigation is provided into the likely design and signal processing requirements. Finally, the proposed architectures are compared to current fourth generation long term evolution (LTE) MIMO technologies for their anticipated power consumption and EE
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