Analysis of the Documentary Information of Scientific and Technical Research of the Moroccan Marine Environment

Since the beginning of the first decade of this century, the Moroccan scientific and technical media scene has witnessed a great development in the production of information favored by the evolution of information and communication technologies. The modernization and equipment in communication infrastructures of Moroccan institutions specialized in the production and the diffusion of the information contributed to the radiation of the research works in marine sciences. The results of these institutions' efforts are presented in several products, in particular the portals of national institutes and documentation centers and their databases, which include their archives and archives of universities and scientific and technical institutes. This paper looks at the contribution of information and documentation systems in the creation and dissemination of Moroccan scientific and technical information in the marine environment. We will try to give a general overview of all existing Moroccan infrastructures and a detailed statistical analysis on the type of existing information, whether open source or restricted

Efforts to Control Information Flows

Since the mid-20th century, the importance of intellectual property rights have become a major avenue for governments, corporations, and other groups to control and limit the diffusion of scientific and technical information. Some of these limits are efforts to regulate who has what information through general censorship

The International Transfer of Ukrainian technical science innovations in the 20th cent.

Досліджено інтеграцію наукових досягнень українських учених у галузі електротехніки та механіки в міжнародну наукову сферу, що сприяло конкурентоспроможності інновацій і технологій української науки на світовому рівні. Розглянуто міжнародну діяльність професорсько-викладацького складу вищих технічних закладів України на початку ХХ ст. та розвиток міжнародної співпраці в академічних установах у подальші роки.The development of scientific research and the introduction of innovative technologies is impossible without scientific cooperation between scientists from different countries. An international scientific corporation can solve a broader scope of scientific tasks because science has a global character in its essence. During the XX century, the development of scientific and technical cooperation of Ukrainian scientists in the field of electrical engineering and mechanics was somewhat irregular and had different forms of cooperation. We can state that there were some achievements of Ukrainian scholars in the development of various aspects of international cooperation. The historiographical analysis illustrated that there are no special scientific works in which the international transfer of innovations, knowledge, and technologies of Ukrainian technical science would be a subject of separate scientific research. Investigation of source base and scientific literature was carried out based on the inclusion of data of general scientific and special research methods that provided a comprehensive character. The development of scientific research, the formation of the theoretical basis of technical sciences is associated with the discovery of higher technical educational institutions in Ukraine, which have become centers for the development of applied sciences and the basis for the creation of scientific collectives. From the first days, the foundations of international scientific and educational activities were laid in the institutions. Based on the experience of Europe in the organization of specialized technical schools and research work, the abroad business trips of the professional and teaching staff became traditional. A characteristic feature of the second half of the XX century became the intensive development of the industry with scientific support provided by collectives of academic institutions, higher technical schools, as well as sectoral institutions. An essential component of scientific research was the development of various forms of international cooperation. Based on the analysis of archival materials, it has been proved that the international cooperation of the Ukrainian technical-scientific community of the second half of the XX century developed in the following areas: participation in international conferences; conducting joint research based on bilateral agreements; exchange of scholars according to internship programs; participation in an international technical exhibitions; coordination of actual scientific problems; exchange of scientific and technical information; technical assistance

TECHNICAL LITERATURE IN THE SERVICE OF THE DAILY PRACTICE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

At the beginning of the 19th century there was a rapid growth in the number of methods for the analysis of loadbearing structures as a consequence of the revolution in natural science and later in scientific technology. At the same time new materials appeared and unprecedented functional demands arose. The social esteem of engineering grew and Hungarian engineers belonged to the best of their profession in Europe. They were assisted in their work by pragmatically compiled technical literature (handbooks, charts and reference books). In the second half of the 20th century the theory and practice of engineering became more and more separated. The realisation of the body of knowledge captured in the excellent theoretical works was impeded by the poor technical standard of material production and construction. Access to information has been rendered difficult by the `revolution in the technology of finishing works´, which began approximately 30 years ago and is becoming ever more rapid in our days. The unified Europe demands engineers to possess up-to-date knowledge of their profession, which is only accessible in the form of impartial, high quality technical literature. The instructors of the Department of Building Construction co-operate with Verlag Dashöfer Szakkiadó Kft. (Verlag Dashöfer Specialised Publishers Ltd.) in the creation of the base of Hungarian technical literature of European standard

AN ANTHOLOGY OF THE DISTINGUISHED ACHIEVEMENTS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUE. PART 48: AIRCRAFT DESIGNER ANDREY TUPOLEV AND HIS ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN AIRPLANE DESIGN

Purpose. Preparation of a short scientifically-historical essay about one of founders of world airplane design, prominent Soviet aircraft designer A.N. Tupolev. Methodology. Known scientific methods of collection, analysis and analytical treatment of scientific and technical information regarding becoming and development of Soviet and world aviation and resulted in scientific monographs, journals and internet-reports. Results. A short scientifically-historical essay is presented about a prominent Soviet aircraft designer Andrey Nikolaevich Tupolev, becoming in the 20th century one of founders of Soviet and world aviation. Basic scientific and technical achievements of A.N. Tupolev indicated in area of airplane design, bringing Soviet military and civil aviation around to extraordinary world heights. Basic tactical and technical descriptions are described regarding created under his scientific and technical guidance of such known types of civil airplanes as ANT-25, Tu-104, Tu-134, Tu-154 and Tu-114, and also military airplanes of type Tu-2, Tu-16 and Tu-95. Short information is resulted about flying descriptions of the modern Russian supersonic strategic bomber of type Tu-160, created in 1980-th in the design bureau name after A.N. Tupolev. It is marked that under guidance of A.N. Tupolev over 100 types of airplanes of the military and civil setting were developed in the former USSR, 70 from which are produced by aviation industry of country serially. It is indicated that Doctor of Technical Sciences, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Colonel-General-Engineer A.N. Tupolev was a founder known in the world of aviation scientific school, preparing many famous Russian aircraft designers. Information, touching handed him domestic and foreign governmental rewards and other authoritative signs of confession of prominent merits of great aircraft designer A.N. Tupolev world scientific and technical public is resulted in airplane design. Originality. Certain systematization is executed known from scientific publications and other scientific and technical materials media regarding becoming and development of Soviet and world aviation and considerable scientific and technical contribution to the military and civil airplane design of prominent Soviet aircraft designer A.N. Tupolev. Practical value. Scientific popularization and deepening for the students of higher schools, engineering, technical and scientific workers of scientific and technical knowledge in the field of history of becoming and development of Soviet and world airplane design, extending their scientific and technical range of interests and further development of scientific and technical progress in society

The Caucasus department of the Russian Technical Society as the technical thought centre of southern Caucasian region

The article analyzes and summarizes the role of the Russian Technical Society’s Caucasus department in spreading technical thought in the late XIX th - early XX th century in the Caucasus. Relying on experience and achievements of national science and technology author has all the grounds to assert that rapid development of native industries and national economy in the period of capitalist development in the Russian Empire led to the scientific information accumulation and the necessity of its concentration around certain centers. Under such conditions the creation of the technical periodicals of the Russian Technical Society’s Caucasus department was dictated by the requirementss of the Caucasus region, which acutely needed a quick and competent solution of technological problems in upbringing scientific and technical personnel