A social and environmental approach to microfinance credit scoring

Microfinance institutions provide loans to low-income individuals. Their credit scoring systems, if they exist, are strictly financial. Although many institutions consider the social and environmental impact of their loans, they do not incorporate formal systems to estimate these social and environmental impacts. This paper proposes that their creditworthiness evaluations should be coherent with their social mission and, accordingly, should estimate the social and environmental impact of microcredit. Thus, a decision support system to facilitate microcredit granting is proposed using a multicriteria evaluation. The assessment of social impact is performed by calculating the Social Net Present Value. The system captures credit officers'' experience and addresses incomplete and intangible information. The model has been tested in a microfinance institution. The paper shows how a small institution can include social and environmental issues in its decision-making systems to evaluate credit applications. A gap in the preferences was found between members of the board, who are socially driven, and managers and credit officers, who are financially drifted. This mission drift was corrected. The approach followed contributed to creating a culture of social and environmental assessment within the institution, especially among credit officers, thereby translating Microfinance institutions'' social mission into numbers

Türkiye’deki ticari bankaların web sitesi performansları

The purpose of this paper is to measure the performances of commercial banks’ websites in Turkey by using “MultiCriteria Decision Making” (MCDM). The use of three MCDM methods (AHP, TOPSIS, VIKOR) consecutively constitutes the originality of this study. Based on the literature and expert opinions, 6 performance criteria (load time, page speed, markup, speed index, visitors, pageviews) and 5 website analysis tools were determined. First, the significance weights of the criteria were calculated with AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). Second, the data obtained in the 2-month period were analyzed by TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and VIKOR (Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) methods. “Page speed” was found to be the most important criterion in performance of banks’ websites. Most successful banks in terms of website efficiency are Garanti BBVA, Isbank and QNB Finansbank according to TOPSIS whereas QNB Finansbank, Garanti BBVA and Halkbank according to VIKOR results. It is observed that banks with high deposits and number of branches and employees do not show the same success in website performance. The results are expected to shed light on managers who want to set policies and strategies for digital banking applications.Bu çalışmanın amacı, “Çok Kriterli Karar Verme” (ÇKKV) yöntemlerini kullanarak, Türkiye’deki ticari bankaların web sitesi performanslarını ölçmektir. Bu kapsamda üç ÇKKV yönteminin (AHP, TOPSIS, VIKOR) bir arada kullanılması, çalışmanın özgünlüğünü oluşturmaktadır. Literatüre ve uzmanların görüşlerine dayanarak, 6 performans kriteri (yükleme süresi, sayfa hızı, biçimlendirme, hız endeksi, ziyaretçiler, sayfa görünümleri) ve 5 web sitesi analiz aracı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında AHP (Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci) yöntemi ile kriterlerin önem ağırlıkları hesaplanmıştır. İkinci aşamada, 2 aylık periyotta elde edilen verilerin TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) ve VIKOR (Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) yöntemleri ile analizi yapılmıştır. Bulgulara göre, “sayfa hızı” değişkeninin, banka web sitelerinin performans değerlendirmesinde en önemli kriter olduğu saptanmıştır. TOPSIS yönteminde Garanti BBVA, İş Bankası ve QNB Finansbank web sitesi performansında en başarılı Türk ticari bankaları olmuştur. VIKOR yöntemine göre ise QNB Finansbank, Garanti BBVA ve Halkbank en başarılı bankalardır. Mevduat hacmi büyük, şube ve çalışan sayısı yüksek olan bankaların, web sitesi performansında aynı başarıyı göstermedikleri gözlemlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçların, dijital bankacılık uygulamalarına yönelik politika ve strateji belirlemek isteyen yöneticilere ışık tutması beklenmektedir

Index tracking with utility enhanced weighting

Passive index investing involves investing in a fund that replicates a market index. Enhanced indexation uses the returns of an index as a reference point and aims at outperforming this index. The motivation behind enhanced indexing is that the indices and portfolios available to academics and practitioners for asset pricing and benchmarking are generally inefficient and, thus, susceptible to enhancement. In this paper we propose a novel technique based on the concept of cumulative utility area ratios and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to construct enhanced indices from the DJIA and S&P500. Four main conclusions are forthcoming. First, the technique, called the utility enhanced tracking technique (UETT), is computationally parsimonious and applicable for all return distributions. Second, if desired, cardinality constraints are simple and computationally parsimonious. Third, the technique requires only infrequent rebalancing, monthly at the most. Finally, the UETT portfolios generate consistently higher out-of-sample utility profiles and after-cost returns for the fully enhanced portfolios as well as for the enhanced portfolios adjusted for cardinality constraints. These results are robust to varying market conditions and a range of utility functions

The selection of benchmarking partners for value management : an analytic approach

Author name used in this publication: Qiping Shen2007-2008 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

Credit Scoring with AHP and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Based on Behavioural Data from Weibo Platform

It is increasingly necessary to evaluate the customers\u27 credit. In the era of big data, Information on the Internet is commonly used to judge the credit worthiness of customers. Some users\u27 credit information is incomplete or unavailable, so credit managers cannot judge the true credit situation of these users. However, with the support of social data especially behavioural data and credit evaluation system, this problem can be effectively solved. This study used Weibo to obtain the behavioural data of Chinese users for credit evaluation. Two methods are used to calculate the credit scores of Weibo users, which are the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods. By analysing social processes and inviting experts to make decisions, we constructed a credit evaluation system to expose users\u27 behavioural characteristics. We found that the three key indexes determining the user’s social credit are personal identification, behavioural characteristics and interaction among friends. Then, AHP was used to determine the weight of each index. Finally, a static algorithm was proposed to compute the credit evaluation system of Weibo users using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods

SDG scoring : an analytic hierarchy process approach

The demand for non-financial information has substantially risen in the last few years. Previously, investors only considered financial information on their investment decisions but there is an increased perception that non-financial factors might provide an additional framework on which firms can be measured, which can positively impact their investment success. Due to this, multiple rating agencies have risen as providers of scores reflecting the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) position of firms. However, they often seen as not providing the adequate theoretical reasoning and methodological clarity, which in addition to the lack of a consensus on ESG criteria, creates the space for the development of another scoring system with a robust and clear sustainability framework underlying it. Additionally, following the implementation of the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), a broader set of firms are required to report on their environmental and social impacts. This might create an information disadvantage for non-CSRD covered firms, which has led these firms to also have the desire to report on these issues. This dissertation presents the development process of a scoring system on which non-financial performance is measured through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), i.e., a robust framework and that combines both financial and non-financial information in a single value, through Multi-Criteria Decision Making, namely, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Additionally, it also provides a base framework for firms ESG reporting.Recentemente, a procura por informação não financeiro aumentou bastante. Previamente, os investidores apenas consideravam informação financeira nas suas decisões de investimento, mas há uma crescente perceção de que fatores não financeiros podem fornecer um quadro adicional para a avaliação das empresas, podendo impactar positivamente o sucesso dos seus investimentos. Devido a isso, múltiplas agências de classificação surgiram como provedoras de pontuações que refletem a posição Ambiental, Social e de Governança (ASG) das empresas. No entanto, estas não fornecem o raciocínio teórico e clareza metodológica por trás dessas pontuações, o que, além da diferente definição de critérios ASG entre elas, cria espaço para o desenvolvimento de um outro sistema de pontuação com um quadro de sustentabilidade robusto e claro. Além disso, após a implementação da Diretiva de Relato de Sustentabilidade Corporativa (DRSC), um conjunto mais amplo de empresas é obrigado a relatar sobre os seus impactos ambientais e sociais. Isto pode criar uma desvantagem de informação para as empresas não cobertas pela DRSC, o que levou essas empresas a também terem o desejo de relatar sobre estas questões. Esta Tese apresenta o processo de desenvolvimento de um sistema de pontuação no qual o desempenho não financeiro é medido por meio dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável e que combina informações financeiras e não financeiras num único valor, por meio do processo de tomada de decisão multicritério, nomeadamente, o Processo Analítico Hierárquico (PAH). Além disso, também fornece um quadro básico para o relato ASG das empresas

A hybrid performance evaluation system for notebook computer ODM companies

[[abstract]]The aim of the paper is to fulfill this need by building a conceptual framework for measuring the business performance of notebook computer ODM (Original Design Manufacturer) companies carried out to investigate how performance is understood and to identify the potential dimensions to improvement. In the process, a multiple criteria procedure is used to assess the performance in these companies. We explore the performance-evaluation systems by using fuzzy AHP and VIKOR techniques. The evidence from the investigation showed that supply chain capability and manufacturing capability are the top two indicators for the notebook computer ODM companies’ performance. Furthermore, it was found that Quanta and Compal have the relative high business performance among these companies. The research provides evidence which establishes whether benchmarking provides a real and lasting benefit to notebook computer ODM companies. A series of managerial implications are set forth and discussed.[[journaltype]]國外[[incitationindex]]SSCI[[booktype]]紙本[[countrycodes]]NG