A Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Rural and Forest Fire Detection and Verification

Forest and rural fires are one of the main causes of environmental degradation in Mediterranean countries. Existing fire detection systems only focus on detection, but not on the verification of the fire. However, almost all of them are just simulations, and very few implementations can be found. Besides, the systems in the literature lack scalability. In this paper we show all the steps followed to perform the design, research and development of a wireless multisensor network which mixes sensors with IP cameras in a wireless network in order to detect and verify fire in rural and forest areas of Spain. We have studied how many cameras, sensors and access points are needed to cover a rural or forest area, and the scalability of the system. We have developed a multisensor and when it detects a fire, it sends a sensor alarm through the wireless network to a central server. The central server selects the closest wireless cameras to the multisensor, based on a software application, which are rotated to the sensor that raised the alarm, and sends them a message in order to receive real-time images from the zone. The camera lets the fire fighters corroborate the existence of a fire and avoid false alarms. In this paper, we show the test performance given by a test bench formed by four wireless IP cameras in several situations and the energy consumed when they are transmitting. Moreover, we study the energy consumed by each device when the system is set up. The wireless sensor network could be connected to Internet through a gateway and the images of the cameras could be seen from any part of the world

Optimized Algorithm for Fire Detection over WSN using Micaz Motes

Environment degradation around the world has motivated many researchers to deal with an important yet endangering aspect of rural and forest fires. Most of the current developed technologies are based on detection of the fire rather than verifying it. Detecting the fire can be useful in many cases but it is still not efficiently implemented in real time systems. However, detecting fire systems can help many modern cities improve their smoke detection systems. Therefore, in this paper we introduce and implement a fire detecting algorithm built on measuring the temperature of a certain area and detecting the fire. We have also used a mathematical model called the “Acoustic ranging Technique” to detect the location and set the alarm in case of a fire. In our implementation we have used multiple MTS 300 sensor boards mounted on MICAz motes, in order to sense the temperature of the fire with respect to the energy consumption. Hence, with use of the implemented algorithm, we can verify the size of the fire from temperature recorded and analyzed based on the color temperature. Finally, in this paper we could prove that the relation between the type of fire and its colors can be used in detecting the size of the fire efficiently

Evaluation of LP-WAN technologies for fire forest detection systems

Low Power Wide Area Networks (LP-WAN) are receiving a lot of attention because of their ability to communicate using radio frequency in long distances, with low-power consumption and low-cost devices. In this paper, we provide a comparison between the two LP-WAN platforms that are leading the market, the Sigfox and the LoRaWAN, based on the literature. Both platforms are analyzed considering the context of the forest fire detection and verification systems. Many aspects are being considered to identify which LP-WAN is more adequate to be used in this kind of systems, such as battery lifetime, coverage range, business model and costs. The comparison shows that both platforms are very similar in most of the aspects, although LoRaWAN is more flexible than Sigfox on the deployment and management of the network infrastructure. LoRaWAN allows customers to implement and manage their own infrastructure network, which is essential in systems which monitor vast forest areas.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Wireless Sensor Network Based Monitoring System For Forest

Wildlife prevention has become an important practice due to negative effects of human activities such as cutting of trees on large scale and unregulated hunting which causes major threat to wildlife. So we are going to introduce the project on prevention of trees and wildlife in forest. This article presents the design of a system for detection of vibration for prevention of cutting of trees, detection of temperature for prevention of forest fires also detection of pulses of animal for prevention wildlife using wireless sensor networks to prevent a disaster (forest) that could lead to loss of a significant number of natural resources. In this project, The sensing device can sense the vibration, pulse, and temperature, and then sent them over zig-bee networks to forest office. To save the transmission cost, we also sent the GPS location information simultaneously. Here we use Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs).In this network numerous sensors are usually deployed on remote places, the deployment and maintenance must be easy and scalable. Wireless sensor network is the network which consists of large number of small nodes. Sensor nodes are great for deployment in hostile environments or over large geographical areas. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150318

Modelling of wireless sensor networks for detection land and forest fire hotspot

Indonesia located in South East Asia countries with tropical region, forest fires in Indonesia is one of big issue and disaster because it happens in almost of every year, this is because of some of region consist of peat land that high risk for fire especially in dry season. Riau Province is one of region that regularly incident of forest fire with affected the length and breadth of Indonesia. Propose development of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for detection of land and forest fire hotspot in Indonesia as well as one of the main consents in this research, case location in Riau province is at one of the regions that high risk forest fire in dry season. WSNs technology used for ground sensor system to collect environmental data. Data training for fire hotspot detection is done in data center to determine and conclude of fire hotspot then potential to become big fire. The deployment of sensors located at several locations that has potential for fire incident, especially as data shown in previous case and forecast location with potential fire happen. Mathematical analysis is used in this case for modelling number of sensors required to deploy and the size of forest area. The design and development of WSNs give high impact and feasibility to overcome current issues of forest fire and fire hotspot detection in Indonesia. The development of this system used WSNs highly applicable for early warning and alert system for fire hotspot detection

Low Cost LoRa based Network for Forest Fire Detection

[EN] Forest fires are one of the main environmental problems in the entire Mediterranean basin. In a context where low power and long-range networks (LPWAN) are increasingly common to the rise of Internet of Things (IoT) architecture, the interest in providing solutions to monitor scenarios and fire prevention based on these technologies is huge. This paper presents a low cost Long Range (LoRa) based network able to evaluate level of fire risk and the presence of a forest fire. The system is composed by a LoRa node and a set of sensors to measure the temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and CO2. The evaluation algorithm is based on the 30- 30-30 rule. Through website the users can see the parameters measured by nodes in real time. The system has been tested in a real environment and the results show that it is possible to cover a circular area of 1.1km or radius.This work has been partially supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades through the Ayudas para la adquisición de equipamiento científicotécnico, Subprograma estatal de infraestructuras de investigación y equipamiento científico-técnico (plan Estatal I+D+i 2017-2020) (project EQC2018-004988-P) and through the Research Contracts of Youth Employment of the University of Granada, through its operative program of Youth Guarantee of the Regional Government of Andalusia and the European Social Fund.Vega-Rodríguez, R.; Sendra, S.; Lloret, J.; Romero-Díaz, P.; García-Navas, JL. (2019). Low Cost LoRa based Network for Forest Fire Detection. IEEE. 177-184. https://doi.org/10.1109/IOTSMS48152.2019.8939193S17718

Low Power Wireless Smoke Alarm System in Home Fires

A novel sensing device for fire detection in domestic environments is presented. The fire detector uses a combination of several sensors that not only detect smoke, but discriminate between different types of smoke. This feature avoids false alarms and warns of different situations. Power consumption is optimized both in terms of hardware and software, providing a high degree of autonomy of almost five years. Data gathered from the device are transmitted through a wireless communication to a base station. The low cost and compact design provides wide application prospects

Design and Field Test of a WSN Platform Prototype for Long-Term Environmental Monitoring

Long-term wildfire monitoring using distributed in situ temperature sensors is an accurate, yet demanding environmental monitoring application, which requires long-life, low-maintenance, low-cost sensors and a simple, fast, error-proof deployment procedure. We present in this paper the most important design considerations and optimizations of all elements of a low-cost WSN platform prototype for long-term, low-maintenance pervasive wildfire monitoring, its preparation for a nearly three-month field test, the analysis of the causes of failure during the test and the lessons learned for platform improvement. The main components of the total cost of the platform (nodes, deployment and maintenance) are carefully analyzed and optimized for this application. The gateways are designed to operate with resources that are generally used for sensor nodes, while the requirements and cost of the sensor nodes are significantly lower. We define and test in simulation and in the field experiment a simple, but effective communication protocol for this application. It helps to lower the cost of the nodes and field deployment procedure, while extending the theoretical lifetime of the sensor nodes to over 16 years on a single 1 Ah lithium battery