A WI-FI BASED SMART DATA LOGGER FOR CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a non-invasive technology for capturing images of a human digestive system for medical diagnostics purpose. With WCE, the patient swallows a miniature capsule with camera, data processing unit, RF transmitter and batteries. The capsule captures and transmits images wirelessly from inside the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The external data logger worn by the patient stores the images and is later on transferred to a computer for presentation and image analysis. In this research, we designed and built a Wi-Fi based, low cost, miniature, versatile wearable data logger. The data logger is used with Wi-Fi enabled smart devices, smart phones and data servers to store and present images captured by capsule. The proposed data logger is designed to work with wireless capsule endoscopy and other biosensors like- temperature and heart rate sensors. The data logger is small enough to carry and conduct daily activities, and the patient do not need to carry traditional bulky data recorder all the time during diagnosis. The doctors can remotely access data and analyze the images from capsule endoscopy using remote access feature of the data logger. Smartphones and tablets have extensive processing power with expandable memory. This research exploits those capabilities to use with wireless capsule endoscopy and medical data logging applications. The application- specific data recorders are replaced by the proposed Wi-Fi data logger and smartphone. The data processing application is distributed on smart devices like smartphone /tablets and data logger. Once data are stored in smart devices, the data can be accessed remotely, distributed to the cloud and shared within networks to enable telemedicine. The data logger can work in both standalone and network mode. In the normal mode of the device, data logger stores medical data locally into a micro Secure Digital card for future download using the universal serial bus to the computer. In network mode, the real-time data is streamed into a smartphone and tablet for further processing and storage. The proposed Wi-Fi based data logger is prototyped in the lab and tested with the capsule hardware developed in our laboratory. The supporting Android app is also developed to collect data from the data logger and present the processed data to the viewer. The PC based software is also developed to access the data recorder and capture and download data from the data logger in real-time remotely. Both in vivo and ex vivo trials using live pig have been conducted to validate the performance of the proposed device

Smartphone-based food diagnostic technologies: A review

A new generation of mobile sensing approaches offers significant advantages over traditional platforms in terms of test speed, control, low cost, ease-of-operation, and data management, and requires minimal equipment and user involvement. The marriage of novel sensing technologies with cellphones enables the development of powerful lab-on-smartphone platforms for many important applications including medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food safety analysis. This paper reviews the recent advancements and developments in the field of smartphone-based food diagnostic technologies, with an emphasis on custom modules to enhance smartphone sensing capabilities. These devices typically comprise multiple components such as detectors, sample processors, disposable chips, batteries and software, which are integrated with a commercial smartphone. One of the most important aspects of developing these systems is the integration of these components onto a compact and lightweight platform that requires minimal power. To date, researchers have demonstrated several promising approaches employing various sensing techniques and device configurations. We aim to provide a systematic classification according to the detection strategy, providing a critical discussion of strengths and weaknesses. We have also extended the analysis to the food scanning devices that are increasingly populating the Internet of Things (IoT) market, demonstrating how this field is indeed promising, as the research outputs are quickly capitalized on new start-up companies

HYBRYDOWY SYSTEM NAWIGACJI DO UŻYTKU WEWNĄTRZ POMIESZCZEŃ

This article describes the design and implementation of a hybrid in-building navigation system. The word hybrid has a twofold meaning in this case. On the one hand, it refers to the use of two tracking methods: demanding (beacons) and not requiring an electronic device (radio tomography imaging). On the other hand, it specifies several commercial wireless communication protocols that make up the presented system. Ultimately, the network created in this way will be designed to provide the user with location and navigation services with increased accuracy and reliability. The text describes both the topology of created networks, methods of communication between devices and their hardware layer, as well as the effects of work resulting from the actual test object.Artykuł opisuje projekt i sposób realizacji hybrydowego systemu nawigacji wewnątrzbudynkowej. Słowo hybrydowy ma w tym przypadku dwojakie znaczenie. Z jednej strony odnosi się do zastosowania dwóch metod namierzania: wymagającej (radiolatarnie) i nie wymagającej posiadania urządzenia elektronicznego (obrazowanie radio-tomograficzne). Z drugiej wyszczególnia kilka komercyjnych protokołów komunikacji bezprzewodowej składającej się na przedstawiony system. Docelowo utworzone w ten sposób sieć będzie miała za zadanie świadczyć użytkownikowi usługi lokalizacyjne i nawigacyjne o zwiększonej dokładności i niezawodności. Treść tekstu opisuje zarówno topologię tworzonych sieci, metody komunikacji między urządzeniami oraz ich warstwę sprzętową jak i efekty prac wynikłych na podstawie rzeczywistego obiektu testowego

Securing Embedded Systems for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

This project focuses on securing embedded systems for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Over the past two decades UAVs have evolved from a primarily military tool into one that is used in many commercial and civil applications. As the market for these products increases the need to protect transmitted data becomes more important. UAVs are flying missions that contain crucial data and without the right protection they can be vulnerable to malicious attacks. This project focuses on building a UAV platform and working to protect the data transmitted on it. The platform was able to detect red color and wirelessly transmit the coordinates of the color to a remote laptop. Areas that were focused on for security included the image processing and wireless communications modules

Dynamic Thermal Imaging for Intraoperative Monitoring of Neuronal Activity and Cortical Perfusion

Neurosurgery is a demanding medical discipline that requires a complex interplay of several neuroimaging techniques. This allows structural as well as functional information to be recovered and then visualized to the surgeon. In the case of tumor resections this approach allows more fine-grained differentiation of healthy and pathological tissue which positively influences the postoperative outcome as well as the patient's quality of life. In this work, we will discuss several approaches to establish thermal imaging as a novel neuroimaging technique to primarily visualize neural activity and perfusion state in case of ischaemic stroke. Both applications require novel methods for data-preprocessing, visualization, pattern recognition as well as regression analysis of intraoperative thermal imaging. Online multimodal integration of preoperative and intraoperative data is accomplished by a 2D-3D image registration and image fusion framework with an average accuracy of 2.46 mm. In navigated surgeries, the proposed framework generally provides all necessary tools to project intraoperative 2D imaging data onto preoperative 3D volumetric datasets like 3D MR or CT imaging. Additionally, a fast machine learning framework for the recognition of cortical NaCl rinsings will be discussed throughout this thesis. Hereby, the standardized quantification of tissue perfusion by means of an approximated heating model can be achieved. Classifying the parameters of these models yields a map of connected areas, for which we have shown that these areas correlate with the demarcation caused by an ischaemic stroke segmented in postoperative CT datasets. Finally, a semiparametric regression model has been developed for intraoperative neural activity monitoring of the somatosensory cortex by somatosensory evoked potentials. These results were correlated with neural activity of optical imaging. We found that thermal imaging yields comparable results, yet doesn't share the limitations of optical imaging. In this thesis we would like to emphasize that thermal imaging depicts a novel and valid tool for both intraoperative functional and structural neuroimaging

Remote Screening And Self-Monitoring For Vision Loss Diseases Based On Smartphone Applications

Remote Healthcare Monitoring System (RHMS) represents remote observing of patient’s well-being and providing therapeutic services. Sensors play an essential part in RHMs. They measure the physical parameters and give continuous information to health organizations, doctors. The presence of Smartphones and other portable devices have allowed us to utilize remote healthcare monitoring system for an assortment of structures. Also, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) advances considered as one of the critical research factor healthcare application for enhancing the standard of living. In this dissertation, I have presented three tiers operating in the remote healthcare monitoring system; the Body Area Network (BAN), the PAN Coordinator and the Back- Medical End System (BMEsys). The three tiers focused on several patients PAN coordinators include the Wireless Sensor Network. The Wireless Sensor Network can be used at the fixed tale-monitor location and periodic measurements. The Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) can be used in patients own home or community setting with continuous measurements and smartphones can be utilized anywhere with full range parameters, and I have provided a meaningful utilization comparison between Wireless Sensor Network, PDA and smartphone in Remote Healthcare Monitoring System (HRMs) architecture design. Evaluate the approaches of the healthcare monitoring system architecture and investigate the use of advanced technologies enabling the patient vital signs and diagnostic medical team in real-time. This dissertation demonstrates that how a Smartphone can be used for medical treatment in the field of Ophthalmology and discussed how a Smartphone and its technology could be used to diagnose loss of eye vision. Most recent smartphones have been equipped with a featured camera with high megapixels and advanced sensors which can be used to record fundus photographs through a slit lamp or record videos from an operating microscope and display images from optical coherence tomography systems and other high-tech devices. The ophthalmologists can share these images and analyze with their colleagues utilizing media sharing applications and make the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic results to diagnose the low vision of patients. At present, three widely used pocket-sized adapters can improve the magnification and lighting of the camera, which enables the smartphones to capture high-quality images of the eye. These are Portable Eye Examination Kit (PEEK), EyeGo, and D-Eye. Peek Adapter consists of a smartphone application and retina adapter which can be clipped onto the device and synchronized with the peek application for sharing and analyzing the images. This adapter can be used by anyone and anywhere in the world to examine eyes. EyeGo is an adapter intended to allow ophthalmologists and healthcare specialists to capture high-quality images of the eye using an ophthalmic lens. D-Eye Adapter is one of the extensively used adapters which yield excellent results. It consists of a portable eye and retinal system that fits onto a smartphone creating a retinal camera for evaluation and screening of the eye. It uses LED lights as a light source and requires no extra power, making it an ideal solution for portable diagnostics. The medical field has widely accepted these adaptors with the smartphones for diagnosing low vision and eye-related infections. In this dissertation, I also provide a meaningful utilization comparison between the smartphone adapters: D-Eye, EyeGo and Portable Eye Examination Kit (PEEK). In this dissertation, I have developed a new App (Remote Healthcare-Monitoring Mobile App) to help patients who have low vision and who are suffering from the diseases which may cause a vision loss. This app is capable of a process, evaluate, interact and store health data which is continuously measured by (Personal Health Monitors). This App can exchange the information directly to the Smartphone users (patients) and the doctor who allows more security and privacy. The idea of the App consists of the following: A Smartphone Application, a Data Collection Center, and Professionals in Ophthalmology. The patient should be registered in the system, for example, (Retina Michigan Center or Glaucoma Michigan Center). After registration, the patient is instructed on how to take photos of his/her eyes correctly, and then use the Smartphone application. The patient takes photos of his/her eyes and sends them to the data collection center, the specialists get access to these data and help in the treatment according to the analysis. Finally, I completed the development of the Mobile app (including the Skype and Viber links), which can help in exchanging the information between the patient and the doctor

Measurements and characterization of optical wireless communications through biological tissues

Abstract. Radio frequency (RF) has been predominantly utilized for wireless transmission of data across biological tissues. However, RF communications need to address several challenges like interference, safety, security, and privacy, which often hamper the communications through the tissues. To mitigate these challenges, light-based communication can be exploited, as optical wireless communications have unique advantages in terms of security, interference and safety. In this thesis work, we have utilized near-infrared (NIR) light to investigate the feasibility of optical wireless data transfer through biological tissues. To understand the basics of optical communications through biological tissues (OCBT), fresh meat samples and optical phantoms have been used as models of living biological tissues. An experimental testbed containing a data modulated light source and a photodetector was implemented to carry out different measurements regarding the OCBT concept. We have explored the influence of parameters like transmitted optical power, temperature of the tissue, tissue thickness, and position of the light source on the performance of the light-based through-tissue communication system. Analysis of the measurement data allowed us to compare and characterize the effect of used optical elements for better performance evaluation of the optical communication system. We have successfully transmitted a high-resolution image file through a 3 cm thick pork tissue sample. The maximum transmitted power through the tissue sample during the optical communication was 231.4 mW/cm2, which is well below the limits defined by standard of safety regulation. A data rate of 22 kilobits per second has been achieved with the experimental system. Practical limitations of the current testbed prevented obtaining a higher data throughput. The results indicate a dependence of optical received power with respect to the tissue temperature. Moreover, we found both thickness and compositional differences of the biological tissues have a significant impact on the transmittance rate. This thesis work can be considered as a part of the development of 6G technology. The outcomes of this pilot study are very promising, and in the future, numerous potential applications based on OCBT could be developed, including wireless communications to implanted devices, in-body sensors, smart pills, and others