40,770 research outputs found
Local and Global Trust Based on the Concept of Promises
We use the notion of a promise to define local trust between agents
possessing autonomous decision-making. An agent is trustworthy if it is
expected that it will keep a promise. This definition satisfies most
commonplace meanings of trust. Reputation is then an estimation of this
expectation value that is passed on from agent to agent.
Our definition distinguishes types of trust, for different behaviours, and
decouples the concept of agent reliability from the behaviour on which the
judgement is based. We show, however, that trust is fundamentally heuristic, as
it provides insufficient information for agents to make a rational judgement. A
global trustworthiness, or community trust can be defined by a proportional,
self-consistent voting process, as a weighted eigenvector-centrality function
of the promise theoretical graph
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The Safety Net as a Network
The lack of a coherent understanding of what is meant by the American safety net made it difficult to have a meaningful discourse on the current condition. This paper proposes an alternative formulation of the social safety net based in network theory to overcome the shortcomings of the previous literature. The first part of the paper describes this approach, attempting to develop an alternative understanding of the safety net grounded in the actions of anti-poverty actors. Next is a list of propositions for measuring five dimensions of a safety net: the frame, structure, positions, influences, and the context. Three policy implications are derived from this new paradigm. First, shifting the level of analysis to network level allows policy makers to broaden the scope of the modern social safety net. Second, quantifying the interaction among actors reveals interdependency, which in turn redefines the power and influence of each actor within the network. Finally, the modern safety net could demonstrate a core-periphery structure. It calls for a new way of thinking about resource distribution and decision making channels of such unique structure.LBJ School of Public Affair
Usage Bibliometrics
Scholarly usage data provides unique opportunities to address the known
shortcomings of citation analysis. However, the collection, processing and
analysis of usage data remains an area of active research. This article
provides a review of the state-of-the-art in usage-based informetric, i.e. the
use of usage data to study the scholarly process.Comment: Publisher's PDF (by permission). Publisher web site:
books.infotoday.com/asist/arist44.shtm
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Knowledge modelling for integrating semantic web services in e-government applications
Service integration and domain interoperability are
the basic requirements in the development of current
service-oriented e-Government applications. Semantic
Web and, in particular, Semantic Web Service (SWS)
technology aim to address these issues. However, the integration between e-Government applications and SWS is not an easy task. We argue that a more complex semantic layer needs to be modeled. The aim of our work is to provide an ontological framework that maps such a semantic layer. In this paper, we describe our approach for creating a project-independent and reusable model, and provide a case study that demonstrates its applicability
SOCIAL NETWORKS, SOCIAL CAPITAL AND COMMUNITY ECONOMIC GROWTH
We assess empirically whether social capital affects economic growth in selected United States communities. Social network measures, computed from survey data, are used as proxies for social capital. These measures are used in a conditional convergence growth model to explain the variation of per capita income in the communities.Community/Rural/Urban Development,
The interplay of university and industry through the FP5 network
To improve the quality of life in a modern society it is essential to reduce
the distance between basic research and applications, whose crucial roles in
shaping today's society prompt us to seek their understanding. Existing studies
on this subject, however, have neglected the network character of the
interaction between university and industry. Here we use state-of-the-art
network theory methods to analyze this interplay in the so-called Framework
Programme--an initiative which sets out the priorities for the European Union's
research and technological development. In particular we study in the 5th
Framework Programme (FP5) the role played by companies and scientific
institutions and how they contribute to enhance the relationship between
research and industry. Our approach provides quantitative evidence that while
firms are size hierarchically organized, universities and research
organizations keep the network from falling into pieces, paving the way for an
effective knowledge transfer.Comment: 21 pages (including Appendix), 8 figures. Published online at
http://stacks.iop.org/1367-2630/9/18
Planning, implementation and effectiveness in Indigenous health reform
The Planning, Implementation and Effectiveness in Indigenous Health Reform (PIE) project, funded by the Lowitja Institute and the Australian Research Council, carried out by the University of Melbourne, arose from concerns by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people that despite the importance of participation and investment in collaborative governance, little research focused on capturing current practice and identifying best practice is being done. The advent of the National Indigenous Reform Agreement (NIRA) and the Indigenous Health National Partnership Agreements (IHNPAs) has led to further development/application of collaborative approaches to governance through committees and forums at national, State and regional levels. The activities associated with these committees and forums are referred to throughout this report as collaborative governance.
This report focuses on building the evidence base around best practice based on case studies of collaborative governance in relation to the NIRA.
A policy brief highlighting the policy recommendations of this report is also available
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