A WSN-based monitoring system to control Sewerage

[EN] The sewerage is a critical infrastructure in cities because of the drainage of the urban runoff and the evacuation of the wastewater. Two types of sewerage, separated sewerage and combined sewerage, can be differentiated. In this paper, we show the application of a level sensor and a rain sensor for monitoring the separated sewerage. The level sensor is used for knowing if there is a critical level of water in the sewerage. The rain sensor is used to know if it is raining. The combination of this information allows the identification of three scenarios. These scenarios are normal situation, low drainage and illicit discharge/blockages in the pipeline. In addition, we study the use of sensors and mathematical models for monitoring the velocity of the wastewater. We concluded that the use of mathematical models is a good option for monitoring the velocity. Because with exception of the thermal sensors the other types of sensors show important gaps. The velocity is used to estimate the flow that is dumping in the water bodies. We use an ESP32 board program with Arduino IDE for data collection and sending the data to a server on the same network via Wi-Fi. The server is a computer that processes the data. We present the programming code and the ports that should be used for transmitting the data from Arduino to computer server.Supported by European Union through the project ERANETMED3-227 SMARTWATIR by the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Grant number FPU16/05540Rocher-Morant, J.; García-Navas, JL.; Romero Martínez, JO.; Lloret, J. (2019). A WSN-based monitoring system to control Sewerage. IEEE. 277-282. https://doi.org/10.1109/IOTSMS48152.2019.8939269S27728

A GIS–Integrated Wireless Sensors Network Tool for Water Risk Monitoring – Case of Khanh Hoa Water Supply and Sewerage Company, Vietnam

This paper investigates the feasibility of deploying a wireless sensor network (WSN) to monitor raw water quality at 2 major water treatment plants (WTPs) sites, operated by the The Khanh Hoa Water Supply and Sewerage Company (KHAWASSCO) in Vietnam: Canh Vo and Xuan Canh on the Cai River. The main aim is to propose a WSN for both WTPs which includes 2 clusters of sensors with 4 nodes each in order to monitor various parameters of water quality. Data management is integrated with a geographical information system (GIS) tool in order to provide a comprehensive spatio-temporal database in real time. This will assist decision makers in improving the management of the raw water quality at Cai River

Rancang Bangun WSN berbasis nRF24L01 dan SIM800l bertenaga Surya untuk Implementasi IoT secara Outdoor

Internet of things (IoT) requires an internet network for data communication between machines. Wifi is not always available outdoors and requires more portable data communication. This study aims to design a prototype Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) based on nRF24L01 and solar-powered SIM800l for outdoor IoT implementation. The study used a total of five IoT devices with four nodes with nRF24L01 and one node with nRF24L01 and SIM800l. Each device uses an Arduino nano, TP4056, 6WP solar panel, and a 900mAh 18650 battery. The evaluation of the system includes a comparative QoS analysis, namely packet delivery ratio (PDR), throughput, and delay in star and bus topology through data collection of observation methods by sensors. The evaluation results show that for unidirectional data communication the star topology has better results with PDR 99,099%, throughput 99.393%, and delay 0.0095s. While the bus topology produces a slight difference in PDR 98.766%, throughput 98.461%, and delay 0.017s. Evaluation of energy availability shows that during the day with an average voltage of 3.703v and at night 2.976v, there is no significant difference. During the day it produces 99.301% PDR, 99.653% throughput, and 0.001s delay, while at night it produces 94.221% PDR, 99.881% throughput, and 0.027s delay

Design of Wireless Sensor Network for Drainage Monitoring System

Drainage is defined as the infrastructure for drying the land from the excess and unutilized water; rainwater and waste water. Drainage conditions should be monitored in order to maintain its proper function. In fact, not all areas have drainage monitoring team. It leads to irregular monitoring of the drainage condition. The irregular monitoring has contribution on the clogging of the drainage that imply to the siltation which trigger flooding in the neighbourhood. Manual monitoring is also inefficient. It needs a lot of dedicated persons who are only able to record limited report with low accuracy. These weaknesses lead to the slow handling for problems in drainage. This paper discuss about the design of drainage systems intended to monitor conditions at several points in drainage system using wireless sensor networks. Some sensor nodes are deployed at several determined points to be connected each other.  The recorded data will be stored into a database that is visualized by Geographical Information System (GIS). The monitoring parameters are water levels in drainage, water discharge and rainfall conditions around the drainage area. This system is expected to monitor the drainage conditions real time continuously, and to store the data properly. The presenting data through GIS is expected to be a reference for determining drainage master plan in an area.   Keywords: Drainage, Node sensor, wireless sensor networ

Keberkesanan program simulasi penapis sambutan dedenyut terhingga (FIR) terhadap kefahaman pelajar kejuruteraan elektrik

Kefahaman merupakan aset bagi setiap pelajar. Ini kerana melalui kefahaman pelajar dapat mengaplikasikan konsep yang dipelajari di dalam dan di luar kelas. Kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan menilai keberkesanan program simulasi penapis sambutan dedenyut terhingga (FIR) terhadap kefahaman pelajar kejuruteraan elektrik FKEE, UTHM dalam mata pelajaran Pemprosesan Isyarat Digital (DSP) bagi topik penapis FIR. Metodologi kajian ini berbentuk kaedah reka bentuk kuasi�eksperimental ujian pra-pasca bagi kumpulan-kumpulan tidak seimbang. Seramai 40 responden kajian telah dipilih dan dibahagi secara rawak kepada dua kllmpulan iaitu kumpulan rawatan yang menggunakan program simulasi penapis FIR dan kumpulan kawalan yang menggunakan kaedah pembelajaran berorientasikan modul pembelajaran DSP UTHM. Setiap responden menduduki dua ujian pencapaian iaitu ujian pra dan ujian pasca yang berbentuk kuiz. Analisis data berbentuk deskriptif dan inferens dilakllkan dengan menggunakan Peri sian Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) versi 11.0. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kedua-dua kumpulan pelajar telah mengalami peningkatan dari segi kefahaman iaitu daripada tahap tidak memuaskan kepada tahap kepujian selepas menggunakan kaedah pembelajaran yang telah ditetapkan bagi kumpulan masing-masing. Walaubagaimanapun, pelajar kumpulan rawatan menunjukkan peningkatan yang lebih tinggi sedikit berbanding pelajar kumpulan kawalan. Namun begitu, dapatan kajian secara ujian statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan dari segi pencapaian markah ujian pasca di antara pelajar kumpulan rawatan dengan pelajar kumpulan kawalan. Sungguhpun begitu, penggunaan program simulasi penapis FIR telah membantu dalam peningkatan kefahaman pelajar mengenai topik penapis FIR

Impact of node deployment and routing for protection of critical infrastructures

Recently, linear wireless sensor networks (LWSNs) have been eliciting increasing attention because of their suitability for applications such as the protection of critical infrastructures. Most of these applications require LWSN to remain operational for a longer period. However, the non-replenishable limited battery power of sensor nodes does not allow them to meet these expectations. Therefore, a shorter network lifetime is one of the most prominent barriers in large-scale deployment of LWSN. Unlike most existing studies, in this paper, we analyze the impact of node placement and clustering on LWSN network lifetime. First, we categorize and classify existing node placement and clustering schemes for LWSN and introduce various topologies for disparate applications. Then, we highlight the peculiarities of LWSN applications and discuss their unique characteristics. Several application domains of LWSN are described. We present three node placement strategies (i.e., linear sequential, linear parallel, and grid) and various deployment methods such as random, uniform, decreasing distance, and triangular. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted to analyze the performance of the three state-of-the-art routing protocols in the context of node deployment strategies and methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the node deployment strategies and methods significantly affect LWSN lifetime. © 2013 IEEE

Sensor Networks for Monitoring and Control of Water Distribution Systems

Water distribution systems present a significant challenge for structural monitoring. They comprise a complex network of pipelines buried underground that are relatively inaccessible. Maintaining the integrity of these networks is vital for providing clean drinking water to the general public. There is a need for in-situ, on-line monitoring of water distribution systems in order to facilitate efficient management and operation. In particular, it is important to detect and localize pipe failures soon after they occur, and pre-emptively identify ‘hotspots’, or areas of the distribution network that are more likely to be susceptible to structural failure. These capabilities are vital for reducing the time taken to identify and repair failures and hence, mitigating impacts on water supply. WaterWiSe is a platform that manages and analyses data from a network of intelligent wireless sensor nodes, continuously monitoring hydraulic, acoustic and water quality parameters. WaterWiSe supports many applications including dynamic prediction of water demand and hydraulic state, online detection of events such as pipe bursts, and data mining for identification of longer-term trends. This paper describes the WaterWiSe@SG project in Singapore, focusing on the use of WaterWiSe as a tool for monitoring, detecting and predicting abnormal events that may be indicative of structural pipe failures, such as bursts or leaks.Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology. Center for Environmental Sensing and Modelin

Node assembly for waste level measurement: embrace the smart city

Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems (MSWMS) worldwide are currently facing pressure due to the rapid growth of the population in cities. One of the biggest challenges in this system is the inefficient expenditure of time and fuel in waste collection. In this regard, cities/- municipalities in charge of MSWMS could take advantage of information and communication technologies to improve the overall quality of their infrastructure. One particular strategy that has been explored and is showing interesting results is using a Wireless Sensors Network (WSN) to monitor waste levels in real-time and help decision-making regarding the need for collection. The WSN is equipped with sensing devices that should be carefully chosen considering the real scenario in which they will work. Therefore, in this work, three sets of sensors were studied to evaluate which is the best to be used in the future WSN assembled in Bragança, Portugal. Sets tested were HC-SR04 (S1), HC-SR04 + DHT11 (S2), and US-100 (S3). Tests considered for this work were air temperature and several distances. In the first, the performance of each set to measure a fixed target (metal and plastic box) was evaluated under different temperatures (1.7 - 37 ℃). From these results, two best sets were further used to assess distance measurement at a fixed temperature. This test revealed low absolute errors measuring the distances of interest in this work, ranging from 0.18% to 1.27%.This work has been supported by FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the R&D Units Project Scope: UIDB/05757/2020, UIDB/00690/2020, LA/P/0045/2020, UIDB/50020/2020, and UIDP/50020/2020. Adriano Silva was supported by FCT-MIT Portugal PhD grant SFRH/BD/151346/2021, and Thadeu Brito was supported by FCT PhD grant SFRH/BD/08598 /2020. Jose L. Diaz de Tuesta acknowledges the finantial support through the program of Atraccion de Talento of Atraccion al Talento of the Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) for the individual research grant 2020-T2/AMB-19836.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio