Use of a virtualization in the transition of a telecommunication networks toward 5G

We are in the front of the next big step of a new generation of the telecommunications networks, called 5G. The 5G in still in the preparation, but the actual wide spread use is nearby. The move toward 5G is not possible without use of a cloud and a virtualization. In the paper we are dealing with the issues how to incorporate existing fixed networks to the mobile 5G network and how to use a virtualization technology when moving to 5G. From the example of a real telecommunication system we defined issues, dilemmas and suggestions when moving toward 5G networks using virtualization

On Monolithic and Microservice deployment of Network Functions

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has recently attracted telecom operators to migrate network functionalities from expensive bespoke hardware systems to virtualized IT infrastructures where they are deployed as software components. Scalability, up-gradation, fault tolerance and simplified testing are important challenges in the field of NFV. In order to overcome these challenges, there is significant interest from research communities to scale or decompose network functions using the monolithic and microservice approach. In this paper, we compare the performance of both approaches using an analytic model and implementing test-bed experiments. In addition, we calculate the number of instances of monoliths or microservices in which a network function could be scaled or decomposed in order to get the maximum or required performance. Single and multiple CPU core scenarios are considered. Experimentation is performed by using an open source network function, SNORT and running monoliths and microservices of SNORT as Docker containers on bare metal machines. The experimental results compare the performance of monolith and microservice approaches and are used to estimate the validity of the analytic model. The results also show the effectiveness of our approach in finding the number of instances (monoliths or microservices) required to maximize performance

Network Function Virtualization Service Delivery In Future Internet

This dissertation investigates the Network Function Virtualization (NFV) service delivery problems in the future Internet. With the emerging Internet of everything, 5G communication and multi-access edge computing techniques, tremendous end-user devices are connected to the Internet. The massive quantity of end-user devices facilitates various services between the end-user devices and the cloud/edge servers. To improve the service quality and agility, NFV is applied. In NFV, the customer\u27s data from these services will go through multiple Service Functions (SFs) for processing or analysis. Unlike traditional point-to-point data transmission, a particular set of SFs and customized service requirements are needed to be applied to the customer\u27s traffic flow, which makes the traditional point-to-point data transmission methods not directly used. As the traditional point-to-point data transmission methods cannot be directly applied, there should be a body of novel mechanisms that effectively deliver the NFV services with customized~requirements. As a result, this dissertation proposes a series of mechanisms for delivering NFV services with diverse requirements. First, we study how to deliver the traditional NFV service with a provable boundary in unique function networks. Secondly, considering both forward and backward traffic, we investigate how to effectively deliver the NFV service when the SFs required in forward and backward traffic is not the same. Thirdly, we investigate how to efficiently deliver the NFV service when the required SFs have specific executing order constraints. We also provide detailed analysis and discussion for proposed mechanisms and validate their performance via extensive simulations. The results demonstrate that the proposed mechanisms can efficiently and effectively deliver the NFV services under different requirements and networking conditions. At last, we also propose two future research topics for further investigation. The first topic focuses on parallelism-aware service function chaining and embedding. The second topic investigates the survivability of NFV services

A microservices-based control plane for time sensitive networking

Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a group of IEEE 802.1 standards that aim at providing deterministic communications over IEEE Ethernet. The main characteristics of TSN are low bounded latency and very high reliability, which complies with the strict requirements of industry and automotive applications. In this context, allocating time slots, configuration paths, and Gate Control Lists (GCLs) to contending TSN streams is often laborious. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and the IEEE 802.1 Qcc standard provide the basis to design a TSN control plane to face these challenges. However, current SDN/TSN control plane solutions are monolithic applications designed to run on dedicated servers. None of them explores Microservice as a design pattern; these SDN controllers do not provide the required flexibility to escalate when facing increasing service requests. This work presents $\mu$TSN-CP, a microservices-based Control Plane (CP) architecture for TSN/SDN that provides superior scalability in situations with highly dynamic service demands. Using a qualitative approach, we evaluate our $\mu$TSN-CP solution compared to a monolithic solution in terms of CPU usage, RAM usage, latency, and percentage of successfully allocated TSN Streams. Our $\mu$TSN-CP architecture leverages the advantages of microservices, enabling the control plane to scale up or down in response to varying workloads dynamically. We achieve enhanced flexibility and resilience by breaking down the control plane into smaller, independent microservices. The experimental evaluation demonstrates that our TSN-CP outperforms the monolithic solution, with significantly lower CPU and RAM usage, reduced latency, and a higher percentage of successfully allocated TSN Streams. This advancement in TSN/SDN control plane design opens up new possibilities for highly scalable and adaptable networks, catering to the ever-increasing demands of time-sensitive applications in various industries.Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructur

Safety and Reliability - Safe Societies in a Changing World

The contributions cover a wide range of methodologies and application areas for safety and reliability that contribute to safe societies in a changing world. These methodologies and applications include: - foundations of risk and reliability assessment and management - mathematical methods in reliability and safety - risk assessment - risk management - system reliability - uncertainty analysis - digitalization and big data - prognostics and system health management - occupational safety - accident and incident modeling - maintenance modeling and applications - simulation for safety and reliability analysis - dynamic risk and barrier management - organizational factors and safety culture - human factors and human reliability - resilience engineering - structural reliability - natural hazards - security - economic analysis in risk managemen