HOW ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE SHAPES COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES: A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY OF TWO E-COMMERCE FIRMS IN CHINA

Many well-established multinational firms have been attracted to China by its tremendous market size and fast growing economy. While many have succeeded and enjoyed significant returns on their investments, some have failed and suffered significant financial losses. In the e-commerce market, failures seem to be more frequent than successes. In this study, we attempt to find some answers as to why e-commerce market is especially tough for foreign firms by using a comparative case study in which the epic battle of two giants in Chinese C2C market during 2004-2006 is analyzed. We argue that other things being equal, the local firms have an embedded competitive advantage if the management can transform a better understanding of the national culture into an organizational culture of innovativeness and market responsiveness. Such organizational culture, according to the resourced based view, could have significant impact on the competitive strategies and eventually determine the market performance of the firm

Challenging The Global, Rediscovering The Local: Voluntary Market Restriction In C2C E-Marketplaces

The current age of networked information systems brings concerns that in an increasingly global world the dominance of multinational corporations overrides regional and national identities. This view is challenged by the concept of glocalisation where ideas in the global environment are adapted to take account of local cultures. Many organisations operating globally seek to adapt their business strategies to fit with local environments. However, in an increasingly glocalized world organisations may curtail their market by forming boundaries around their online presence; in essence making local what is potentially global. We have identified this strategy of boundedness as ‘voluntary market restriction’. This study aims to examine voluntary market restriction in the consumer-to-consumer (C2C) space where online marketplaces are differentiating themselves by creating boundaries within which they embed communities. This paper examines three C2C e-marketplaces with strong similarities in their market mechanisms that have the potential to operate globally, although two have chosen not to do so. These two market makers have put boundaries around their markets; one by language and one by geography. They have succeeded in wresting considerable local market share from the global e-marketplace. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the research and suggestions for future study

The Evolution of Social Commerce: The People, Management, Technology, and Information Dimensions

Social commerce is a form of commerce mediated by social media and is converging both online and offline environments. As a relatively new phenomenon, social commerce has evolved quickly in practice, yet has gained little attention in the IS discipline. With its pervasiveness in businesses and people’s lives, social commerce presents ample research opportunities that can have both theoretical and practical significance and implications. This article aims to capture researchers’ attention by describing the characteristics of social commerce and its potential future directions. We trace the evolutionary patterns of social commerce chronologically, based on trade articles and academic publications from 2005 to 2011. A framework that combines people, management, technology, and information dimensions is used to provide a systematic analysis of social commerce development. Our examination shows that since 2005, the year the term social commerce was incepted, assumptions and understanding of people in social commerce move from a simple and general description of human social nature to a rich exploration with different angles from social psychology, social heuristics, national culture, and economic situations. On the management dimension, business strategies and models evolve from the short-tail to long-tail thinking, with invented concepts such as branded social networks/communities, niche social networks/communities, niche brands, co-creating, team-buying, and multichannel social networks. Technologically, IT platforms and capabilities for social commerce evolve from blogs, to social networking sites, to media-sharing sites, and to smartphones. While Facebook becomes a profit-generating platform, creating the notion of f-commerce, Google and Twitter become strong competitors with great potentials. Information in social commerce evolves from peer-generated, to community-generated (crowdsourcing), to consumer and marketer co-created, and to global crowdsourced. Our examination identifies various conceptualizations, terminologies, views, and perspectives about social commerce and its relation to other well-known concepts such as e-commerce. In light of the evolution of social commerce, we provide possible future directions for research and practice

The formation mechanism of entrepreneur strategy from the viewpoint of organizational evolution: Case studies of Ruimin Zhang and Jack Ma

博士（経営学）城西国際大学201

Analyzing the Chinese online-to-offline business dynamics: Case: Alibaba Group's Alipay

Research objectives As the rapid growing Chinese e-commerce market, the online-to-offline business dynamics gain more market power. However, this business dynamics approach lacks of theoretical framework support and detailed analysis. Therefore, this research study will start to analysis the overall condition of Chinese e-commerce industry. Along with the theoretical literatures, the framework is established to tackle business model, service process and the multi-sided platform effect. Lastly, an empirical case is chosen to detailed evaluate the platform dimensions, network effect, risks and opportunities. Data and methodology The research study is a qualitative research and descriptive analysis with some numeric indicating figures. By reviewing various literatures, the knowledge of creating an effective online business dynamics will be transferred to the empirical case. The case study helps to understand the Chinese online-to-offline business dynamics concretely. The data collected are mostly textual information from published reports, journals, and articles. The case company information are extracted from its official website and reliable Internet sources, such as Reuters, Bloomberg etc. Main findings and conclusion This research study produces four main findings. First, the Chinese e-commerce overview is presented to give readers a broad picture on current development status. Second, The Alibaba Group's business model is examined from four domains. Alibaba Group, as the platform provider, aims to provide high valued services for both buyers and sellers under secured environment. They focus on gaining market share with flexible yet prioritize critical resources in partner selection. Additionally, the service process analysis matrix illustrates Alipay is a fast routine process with value adding features. Alipay is not only a payment method, but also an integrated application for users to improve user experiences. Lastly, Alibaba and Alipay are both multi-sided platform, which involves users, merchants, platform provider and social media. The strong network effect is observed as a snowball effect. The risks and opportunities are addressed for Alibaba

Business model innovation of Chinese internet enterprises a stakeholder perspective of BAT (Baidu, Alibaba, Tencent)

Driven by the tide of world economic development and the rapid development of information technology, China's Internet industry has developed rapidly and continuously, and the business model has been continuously innovated, which has effectively promoted the development of China's Internet industry economy. However, rapid development has led to conflicts and conflicts between business model innovation and stakeholders such as user interests, corporate ethics, and corporate performance. This study combs the relationship and interaction between business model theory, corporate ethics theory, and stakeholder theory, reviews the development history of Chinese Internet companies, analyzes the forms of Chinese Internet enterprise business model innovation, and discusses the contradiction and confusion within the innovation of China's Internet business model, and construct the "Business Model Innovation - Performance Structure Model". Through the case studies of Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent, it verifies the inevitable relationship among the business model innovation - stakeholder relationship quality - corporate performance. And put forward relevant suggestions for the problems in the Internet business model innovation.Impulsionada pela tendência do desenvolvimento econômico mundial e pelo desenvolvimento rápido da tecnologia das informações, o setor de Internet da China desenvolveu- se rápida e continuamente, e o modelo de negócios foi continuamente inovado, o que efetivamente promoveu o desenvolvimento da economia chinesa da indústria da Internet. No entanto, o desenvolvimento rápido levou a conflitos entre a inovação do modelo de negócios e os stakeholders, como os interesses dos usuários, a ética corporativa e o desempenho corporativo. Este estudo combina a relação e interação entre a teoria do modelo de negócios, a da ética corporativa e a dos stakeholders, recorda a história de desenvolvimento de empresas de Internet chinesas, analisa as formas de inovação do modelo chinês de negócios e discute a contradição e confusão dentro da inovação de modelo de negócios da indústria de Internet na China, construindo o "Inovação do Modelo Empresarial - Modelo de Estrutura de Desempenho". Por meio dos estudos de caso do Baidu, Alibaba e Tencent, verifica-se a relação inevitável entre a inovação do modelo de negócios - qualidade do relacionamento com stakeholders - desempenho corporativo. E apresenta sugestões relevantes para os problemas na inovação do modelo de negócios na indústria de Internet

CHINESE E-COMMERCE MODEL: Using ALIBABA as a case study

This report aims to analyze Alibaba’s e-commerce mode. With the development of internet technology, e-commerce is attracting more and more attention from governments, businesses and individuals which is one of the major reasons for Alibaba’s quick development. The author has seen the importance of e-commerce and important role of Alibaba in e-commerce field. This report will start by introducing Alibaba briefly. And then the major theories and concepts used by the report will be analyzed, especially e-commerce, PEST framework and Porter’s five forces model. In addition, details of Alibaba’s e-commerce mode, problems of its mode will be provided in the following paragraph. Based on this situation, several suggestions will help Alibaba to resolve its problems. Literature review, theoretical research and practical analysis are two major approaches to analyze its e-commerce mode. In this way, Alibaba can make further progress in the future

E-Commerce Growth and Development, Impact, and Challenges in Indonesia

This paper focused on how e-commerce growth and development, impact, and challenge in Indonesia. This topic is quite interesting to discuss simply because digital law and business are quite new to Indonesian lawmaker. Overall, this paper also shows how the e-commerce regulation shape Indonesia digital trade law. Besides that, some of discussion also talk about how financial technologies provider involved on e-commerce growth. It is true that most e-commerce in Indonesia cooperates with fintech in terms of payment services. The growth and development of fintech somehow help e-commerce to grow and evolve. It is also important to discuss how the law support the e-commerce. Most of law area cover information and electronic transaction, intellectual property, and consumer protection. Not only that, but this paper also shows a real case involved three main e-commerce in Indonesia involving Go-Jek (ride-shared services and food deliveries platform), Tokopedia (marketplace), and Traveloka (travel and leisure). Finally, we also see how the main challenges such us human resources, funding, and cybersecurity will impact the e-commerce growth and development in Indonesia