627 research outputs found

    Converting Italian Treebanks: Towards an Italian Stanford Dependency Treebank

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    The paper addresses the challenge of converting MIDT, an existing dependencybased Italian treebank resulting from the harmonization and merging of smaller resources, into the Stanford Dependencies annotation formalism, with the final aim of constructing a standard–compliant resource for the Italian language. Achieved results include a methodology for converting treebank annotations belonging to the same dependency–based family, the Italian Stanford Dependency Treebank (ISDT), and an Italian localization of the Stanford Dependency scheme

    Harmonization and Merging of two Italian Dependency Treebanks

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    The paper describes the methodology which is currently being defined for the construction of a "Merged Italian Dependency Treebank'' (MIDT) starting from already existing resources. In particular, it reports the results of a case study carried out on two available dependency treebanks, i.e. TUT and ISST--TANL. The issues raised during the comparison of the annotation schemes underlying the two treebanks are discussed and investigated with a particular emphasis on the definition of a set of linguistic categories to be used as a "bridge'' between the specific schemes. As an encoding format, the CoNLL de facto standard is used

    Overview of the SPMRL 2013 shared task: cross-framework evaluation of parsing morphologically rich languages

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    This paper reports on the first shared task on statistical parsing of morphologically rich languages (MRLs). The task features data sets from nine languages, each available both in constituency and dependency annotation. We report on the preparation of the data sets, on the proposed parsing scenarios, and on the evaluation metrics for parsing MRLs given different representation types. We present and analyze parsing results obtained by the task participants, and then provide an analysis and comparison of the parsers across languages and frameworks, reported for gold input as well as more realistic parsing scenarios

    Overview of the SPMRL 2013 Shared Task: A Cross-Framework Evaluation of Parsing Morphologically Rich Languages

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    International audienceThis paper reports on the first shared task on statistical parsing of morphologically rich lan- guages (MRLs). The task features data sets from nine languages, each available both in constituency and dependency annotation. We report on the preparation of the data sets, on the proposed parsing scenarios, and on the eval- uation metrics for parsing MRLs given dif- ferent representation types. We present and analyze parsing results obtained by the task participants, and then provide an analysis and comparison of the parsers across languages and frameworks, reported for gold input as well as more realistic parsing scenarios

    Universal dependencies for Turkish

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    The Universal Dependencies (UD) project was conceived after the substantial recent interest in unifying annotation schemes across languages. With its own annotation principles and abstract inventory for parts of speech, morphosyntactic features and dependency relations, UD aims to facilitate multilingual parser development, cross-lingual learning, and parsing research from a language typology perspective. This paper presents the Turkish IMST-UD Treebank, the first Turkish treebank to be in a UD release. The IMST-UD Treebank was automatically converted from the IMST Treebank, which was also recently released. We describe this conversion procedure in detail, complete with mapping tables. We also present our evaluation of the parsing performances of both versions of the IMST Treebank. Our findings suggest that the UD framework is at least as viable for Turkish as the original annotation framework of the IMST Treebank.Peer reviewe

    Universal Dependencies for Learner English

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    We introduce the Treebank of Learner English (TLE), the first publicly available syntactic treebank for English as a Second Language (ESL). The TLE provides manually annotated POS tags and Universal Dependency (UD) trees for 5,124 sentences from the Cambridge First Certificate in English (FCE) corpus. The UD annotations are tied to a pre-existing error annotation of the FCE, whereby full syntactic analyses are provided for both the original and error corrected versions of each sentence. Further on, we delineate ESL annotation guidelines that allow for consistent syntactic treatment of ungrammatical English. Finally, we benchmark POS tagging and dependency parsing performance on the TLE dataset and measure the effect of grammatical errors on parsing accuracy. We envision the treebank to support a wide range of linguistic and computational research o n second language acquisition as well as automatic processing of ungrammatical language.This work was supported by the Center for Brains, Minds and Machines (CBMM), funded by NSF STC award CCF – 1231216
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