1,824 research outputs found
The influences and consequences of being digitally connected and/or disconnected to travellers
© 2017, The Author(s).Technological progress and tourism have worked in tandem for many years. Connectivity is the vehicle that drove the goal of technologically enhanced tourism experiences forward. This study, through an exploratory qualitative research identifies the factors that boost and/or distract travellers from obtaining a digitally enhanced tourism experience. Four factors can boost and/or distract travellers from being connected: (1) hardware and software, (2) needs and contexts, (3) openness to usage, and (4) supply and provision of connectivity. The research also analyses the positive and/or negative consequences that arise from being connected or disconnected. A Connected/Disconnected Consequences Model illustrates five forms of positive and/or negative consequences: (1) availability, (2) communication, (3) information obtainability, (4) time consumption, and (5) supporting experiences. A better understanding of the role and consequence of connectivity during the trip can enhance traveller experience
Travel Behavior and Expenditure Patterns of the Chinese University Student and the associated Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFRs) markets in New Zealand
This thesis examines travel behavior and expenditure patterns of Chinese university students and the associated VFRs in New Zealand. It also investigates the effects of socio-demographics, travel-related, and psychographic variables on travel behavior and expenditure patterns. The thesis involves both interviews and questionnaire surveys with Chinese university students. Analysis of the interviews was based on a Cat-Pac method, while analysis of survey questionnaires was using SPSS 14.0.
From a theoretical perspective, this study contributes to the body of literature on segmentation regarding the student travel market. It shows that it is possible to segment the Chinese university student travel market based on travel motivation and activity attributes of New Zealand. In addition, this study also contributes to the body of literature in relation to travel behavior and expenditure patterns by examining the variables identified in predicting travel behavior and expenditure. The results of this study provide a more comprehensive and holistic picture in the search of travel behavior and expenditure patterns regarding the student travel market. This study finds travel motivation contributes to overall travel satisfaction directly or indirectly via travel activities, which affects the loyalty. In terms of the VFR market, the valid existence of the effect of travel inhibitors on satisfaction is confirmed in this study, which affects the likelihood of further VFR trips in the future. Moreover, this study makes contribution to the role of students as catalysts for inbound VFR tourism to New Zealand. This study also finds that a socio-demographic variable (i.e. immigration status) is the most influential variable affecting student tourism expenditure, while the socio-demographic variable (i.e. age) and travel-related variables (i.e. purpose of visit and length of stay) appear to have significant impacts on VFR tourism expenditure. Further, this study suggests the VFR market is far from homogeneous.
From a practical standpoint, this study sheds light by providing information about travel behavior and expenditure patterns of Chinese university students and their VFRs in New Zealand, and how their socio-demographics and trip characteristics affects travel satisfaction and travel expenditure pattern. Destination marketers may use this information to better segment their target market, allocate their marketing dollars more effectively, tailor their products to compete with other destination countries and develop better strategic marketing tools to satisfy and fulfill needs of Chinese university students and their VFRs and understand certain reasons behind their travel behavior and spending patterns. In addition, because Chinese university students are a significant market segment for New Zealand's VFR tourism industry, promotional campaigns encouraging them to invite friends and relatives and informing them of activities in which they can engage with their VFRs are encouraged
The Relationships of Trust, Risk-taking propensity and Travel Intention of Indonesian Tourists
Traveling is an interesting activity to do to escape from daily routine activities and work. This activity also involves some risk. Before deciding to travel, generally tourists have trust on the destination, so that they can decide whether to take the risk with its consequences or not. This study is to investigate the relation among trust, risk-taking propensity and tourists� travel intention. Online questionnaires using google forms were distributed to 243 respondents traveling during pandemic Covid 19 and the new normal condition. Then, multivariate analysis was employed for data analysis with the help of SPSS and Partial Least Square (PLS). The results shows that trust has significant impact on risk-taking propensity; and risk-taking propensity has also significant impact on travel intention. Nevertheless, trust has insignificant impact on travel intention. Therefore, travel agents and tourist providers need to accommodate tourists with detailed information and activities to engage in the destination so that it enhances tourists to travel
Covid-19 and perceived travel risks: the development of a risk evaluation index using Delphi-based and MCDA applications
This work addresses the problem of changing travel risk perceptions of travellers following the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the unprecedented and global health crisis of COVID-19, without a doubt, there has been a tremendous impact on global tourism for two reasons; 1) the imposed travel restrictions discouraging people to travel; and 2) the increased anxieties of travellers in terms of responding to the new travel landscape. The main goal of this study was to identify and weight the important travel risks that are emerging and to create a risk evaluation index in which destinations and strategic interventions’ performance can be measured. The secondary objectives to this study include to contribute to a better understanding of risk perceptions held by travellers in a pandemic situation and apply a multimethodology to the concept of tourist perceived risk that has, to the knowledge of the author, never been carried out before. Empiric investigation analysed a sample of South African travellers’ travel risk perceptions through the use of the Delphi Technique and Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). The results equip the tourism industry, practitioners and managers with the information needed to evaluate tourist risk perception following a global pandemic, but can also be further applied to other contexts. This allows for the implementation of response strategies to encourage travel and contribute to the recuperation of the tourism sector following the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings from the Delphi-based survey indicate that tourist perceived risks are multidimensional, with first-level dimensions being categories of Financial, Performance, Planning and Regulation risks, which can be further sub-divided into categories that include additional expenses, exchange rates, refunds-related, destination performance, transportation performance, researching-related, psychological, lockdowns, testing-related and comfort-related criteria. MCDA applications, using MACBETH approaches, found that the risk criteria that are considered to be of highest importance to overall travel risk perception include additional expenses, exchange rates and refunds-related factors – with weightings of 20.60, 16.80 and 12.47 respectively. The risk evaluation index that was constructed as a result of this study was applied to five tourist destinations to evaluate their performance with regards to the perceived travel risks identified. Results suggested that the United Kingdom performs better (i.e., is ‘safer’) in terms of this particular South African traveller sample’s risk perceptions. This kind of research contributes to the literature in two ways: methodologically, by applying MCDA and Delphi techniques to the context of tourist risk perceptions, and by the development of a risk evaluation index.Este trabalho aborda o problema das mudanças de perceção de risco de viagem dos turistas durante e após a pandemia de COVID-19. Após a crise de saúde pública global e sem precedentes de COVID-19, houve, sem dúvida, um tremendo impacto no turismo global por dois motivos; 1) as restrições de viagem impostas que desencorajam as pessoas a viajar; e 2) o aumento da ansiedade dos viajantes em responder ao novo cenário de viagens.
Desde 2000, o turismo tem enfrentado uma variedade de doenças infeciosas (a título de exemplo, gripe suína, SARS, gripe aviária, Ébola), em que os efeitos negativos foram isolados em países ou regiões específicos. No entanto, desde o surto de COVID-19 enquanto novo coronavírus em Wuhan, China, no início de janeiro de 2020, a disseminação atingiu todos o planeta, fazendo com que a Organização Mundial da Saúde o declarasse uma pandemia a 11 de março de 2020. Por conseguinte, a decisão de viajar envolve riscos, mais do que anteriormente. Mesmo que a doença seja contida, as perceções de risco e a falta de segurança podem persistir e impedir que as pessoas viajem no futuro próximo.
De particular interesse para os investigadores de turismo no atual clima de pandemia é a influência da crise de saúde pública do COVID-19 nas perceções de risco dos consumidores de viagens e como essas perceções de risco potencialmente influenciarão o comportamento de viagem no período pós-crise. Considera-se imperativo prever a trajetória de mudança no comportamento do turista, a fim de ajudar os gestores de turismo a responder de forma ideal à situação.
O risco percebido como tema de pesquisa tem recebido atenção considerável ao longo das décadas. Normalmente, os estudiosos dividem os tipos de riscos percebidos com a compra de produtos ou serviços gerais como financeiro, físico, desempenho, social, psicológico e tempo/conveniência. Na literatura relacionada com viagens e turismo, o risco tem sido frequentemente examinado usando praticamente o mesmo sistema de classificação. Essa tipologia e classificação na literatura de turismo, baseada em riscos em geral e não riscos relevantes para viajar, pode ser muito ampla e, portanto, impede respostas adequadas de gestão. Caso contrário, resta apenas uma tipologia genérica e ampla de fatores que compreendem cada categoria de riscos que podem afetar significativamente as intenções de viagem, tornando difícil para os gestores de viagens desenvolver estratégias apropriadas para acalmar as preocupações dos viajantes em perspetiva. Isso é especialmente importante desde o surto da pandemia de COVID-19, pois a literatura anterior sugeriu que as crises de saúde têm impactos consideráveis nas perceções de risco dos turistas.
Portanto, a pesquisa como a que se apresenta nesta dissertação é particularmente relevante para o clima atual em que o setor de turismo opera, pois a necessidade de reavaliar e explorar as diferentes dimensões de risco que podem estar atuando para inibir o desejo de viajar para os turistas é importante agora mais do que nunca.
O principal objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e ponderar os importantes riscos de viagem que estão a surgir e criar um índice de avaliação de risco no qual o desempenho dos destinos e das intervenções estratégicas possa ser medido. Os objetivos deste estudo incluem: 1) contribuir para uma melhor compreensão das perceções de risco dos viajantes em situação de pandemia; 2) desenvolver uma ferramenta pela qual os destinos e futuras intervenções para abordar as perceções de risco possam ser medidos, através da ponderação de diferentes critérios de risco usando MCDA; e 3) a aplicação de uma metodologia combinando procedimentos baseados em Delphi e modelos multicritério (MCDA), utilizando abordagens MACBETH ao tema do risco apercebido em viagens, contribuindo para a investigação de forma inovadora.
O MCDA tem sido criticado por ser tecnicamente complicado. Portanto, é necessário o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta para apoiar os formuladores de políticas locais na seleção de critérios e na classificação do desempenho das intervenções nesses critérios. A ferramenta de classificação é composta por critérios, definições de critérios, pesos de critérios e escalas de classificação para medir o impacto geral das intervenções de risco apercebido e apoiar os objetivos de definição de prioridades. Tal ferramenta poderia ser usada num processo de definição de prioridades mais amplo, baseado em MCDA, para desenvolver estratégias de controlo de risco num ambiente local.
O desenvolvimento de tal índice de risco fornece uma ferramenta abrangente ao: 1) permitir a medição e monitorização das perceções gerais de risco dos turistas; 2) dar conta da natureza multidimensional das perceções de risco; 3) prever e discutir o impacto das políticas de turismo multinível que podem abordar as perceções de risco do turista; e 4) fornecer uma base para o diálogo político multinível sobre a indústria do turismo e questões de mercado.
A investigação empírica analisou uma amostra de perceções de risco de viagem de turistas sul-africanos através do uso da Técnica Delphi e Análise de Decisão Multicritério (MCDA). Os resultados fornecem à indústria do turismo, profissionais e gestores as informações necessárias para avaliar a perceção de risco do turista após uma pandemia global, mas também podem ser aplicados a outros contextos. Isto permite a implementação de estratégias de resposta para incentivar as viagens e contribuir para a recuperação do setor de turismo após a pandemia de COVID-19. Os resultados da investigação baseada em Delphi indicam que os riscos apercebidos pelos turistas são multidimensional, com as dimensões de primeiro nível sendo categorias de riscos Financeiros, de Desempenho, Planeamento e Regulação, que podem ser subdivididas em categorias que incluem despesas adicionais, taxas de câmbio, relacionadas com reembolsos, desempenho de destino, desempenho de transporte, relacionados com pesquisa, critérios psicológicos, bloqueios, relacionados com testes e relacionados com conforto.
As aplicações MCDA, usando abordagens MACBETH, determinaram que os critérios de risco considerados de maior importância para a perceção geral do risco de viagem incluem despesas adicionais, taxas de câmbio e fatores relacionados com reembolsos - com ponderações de 20,60, 16,80 e 12,47, respetivamente. O índice de avaliação de risco que foi construído como resultado deste estudo foi aplicado a cinco destinos turísticos para avaliar seu desempenho em relação aos riscos percebidos de viagem identificados. Os resultados sugeriram que o Reino Unido tem um desempenho melhor (ou seja, é “mais seguro”) em termos das perceções de risco dessa amostra de viajantes sul-africanos em particular. Esse tipo de pesquisa contribui para a literatura de duas maneiras: metodologicamente, aplicando as técnicas MCDA e Delphi ao contexto das perceções de risco do turista, e pelo desenvolvimento de um índice de avaliação de risco
Mobile business travel application usage : are South African men really from Mars and women from Venus?
PURPOSE : Research abounds highlighting the differences between males and females when they travel. Even in business travel, these differences have been acknowledged, with suppliers and marketers spending significant money to develop and market products to accommodate them. The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether differences exist in terms of mobile application usage between male and female business travellers.
DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH : A mixed method approach is followed. An internet-based survey is distributed and in-depth interviews conducted with South African business travellers. The Mann–Whitney U-test is used to test the differences between males and females and their mobile application usage. Content analysis is used to analyse the interviews.
FINDINGS : The results show that mobile applications are perceived as more important by females than males in all the phases of the travel cycle, although most of these differences in perceived importance were not significant.
RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS : Owing to the online data-collection method and the self-selective process, the findings cannot be generalised to the global population of business travellers who use mobile applications.
PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS : The results should caution corporate organisations, travel management companies and their application developers not to spend unnecessary technological and financial resources on developing applications to accommodate differences between males and females, which might not exist. Companies should rather spend money on developing applications that will enhance and add convenience to the business traveller’s experience.
ORIGINALITY/VALUE : The main contribution of this study lies in investigating the applications market, particularly in the context of business travel. Applications focussed on specific sectors of the tourism industry, such as business travel applications, serve business travellers differently from generic travel applications. This research examines business travel-specific applications and expands the scale and scope of the enquiry, concentrating on the travellers’ view.https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/1757-9880hj2020Tourism Managemen
Developing Culinary Tourism Experiences for Inbound Travellers in Vietnam
In recent years, the growing popularity of Vietnamese cuisine has become an attraction of the country that motivates an increasing number of travellers to visit Vietnam to taste the cuisine. Together with food tasting, there is a wide variety of activities related to food that have the potentiality to attract international visitors. The main goal of this thesis was to provide suggestions and directions to develop culinary tourism experiences for foreign visitors in Vietnam by finding out their perspective towards current gastronomic experiences in the destination country and discovering how satisfied they were when engaging in food-involved activities. The paper also discussed inbound travellers’ expectations for culinary experiences prior to the travels in Vietnam together with post-travel feelings and behaviours.
The thesis used mixed methods, in which qualitative method was primarily adopted to answer the research issue. An electronic survey was conducted and posted on different social channels. Simultaneously, interviews were carried out with the support of two experienced stakeholders working in the tourism sector.
The findings of the research revealed that most of the inbound tourists were satisfied with their food experiences in Vietnam. Generally, those experiences met their expectations, yet they still lacked some elements to go beyond what they expected. The results also showed that the country had various potentialities and advantageous opportunities to develop this emerging niche market. On the other hand, several existent problems present a threat to its growth. Amid those controversies, development solutions were suggested in an attempt to tackle the problems as well as to improve the experiences of future international visitors in the country
The impact of COVID-19 on AIRBNB prices
Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Statistics and Information Management, specialization in Risk Analysis and ManagementNowadays, the main part of the population around the world uses online sites to find local homes for vacations or even more long-term stays.
One of the most popular sites of short-term rental market is Airbnb. These rental markets have grown rapidly over the last decade which leads to the fast-growth of Airbnb (E. Holm, 2020).
“How COVID-19 impacted Airbnb prices in Lisbon?” is the main question of this work. Throughout the study it will be possible to understand the effects of pricing strategies, price positioning and dynamic pricing, more precisely if COVID-19 affected Airbnb in a way that leads to changes in the trends of the prices per night in the various accommodation that Airbnb has in the chosen cities.
To answer this question, was constructed a database with data extracted from the website InsideAirbnb. Our findings suggest that Berlin prices comparing to Lisbon have decreased 2.66% during this pandemic
Sofia City Tourist Image In Selected Social Media
The pandemic situation greatly changed the entire tourism sector and influenced the digital search and importance of the tourist destination image and presence in social media. Moreover, the virtual trips, open galleries and museums for virtual tours are expected to generate future interest and enhance the tourist arrivals in post-pandemic era. At the same time the identification of recognizable image-making attractions at destination level is complex process and difficult measure and manage. The purpose of the study is to identify and evaluate the presence of major tourist attractions in different digital channels – social media and platforms, as recognizable image-making sites about capital city. The methodology is primary data analysis of freely shared digital content based on key words and hashtags used in social media such as Instagram, Pinterest, Flikr. The data was gathered manually from 15th Apr 2015-15th May 2021 and 17000 posts in total were analysed for this study. The impact of the content was evaluated by type of pictures, major attractions and number of likes, comments and shares on the post. The results showed that there is limited number of digital contents related to the selected specific key words. There is no clear image of the Sofia city in the analysed social channels
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