279 research outputs found
A Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Based System for Augmented Reality Visualisation of Georeferenced Data
Planning of infrastructure's provision and maintenance tasks is commonly done in a planning office using paper maps and desktop applications. However, any infrastructure plan has to be verified on location before being submitted to the responsible authorities. This task is usually accomplished by taking paper maps to the field and annotating them on site, or in the best case, using two-dimensional (2D) maps on mobile devices. Augmented reality (AR) can provide enhanced experiences of real-world situations by overlaying key information and three-dimensional (3D) visualizations when needed, thus supporting decision-making processes. AR could support land surveyors and mobile planners with a graphical overlay of the planned changes, highlighting relevant information and assets in their field of view. This paper presents an AR application, which uses interval type-2 fuzzy logic mechanisms to visualise immersive 3D georeferenced data; supporting planning and designing of infrastructure by directly modifying data to incorporate required changes, without the need of any post-processing. Immersive visual feedback is provided via a head mounted display (HMD), enhancing user's 3D spatial perception of georeferenced data
Spatial ontologies for architectural heritage
Informatics and artificial intelligence have generated new requirements for digital archiving, information, and documentation. Semantic interoperability has become fundamental for the management and sharing of information. The constraints to data interpretation enable both database interoperability, for data and schemas sharing and reuse, and information retrieval in large datasets. Another challenging issue is the exploitation of automated reasoning possibilities. The solution is the use of domain ontologies as a reference for data modelling in information systems. The architectural heritage (AH) domain is considered in this thesis. The documentation in this field, particularly complex and multifaceted, is well-known to be critical for the preservation, knowledge, and promotion of the monuments. For these reasons, digital inventories, also exploiting standards and new semantic technologies, are developed by international organisations (Getty Institute, ONU, European Union). Geometric and geographic information is essential part of a monument. It is composed by a number of aspects (spatial, topological, and mereological relations; accuracy; multi-scale representation; time; etc.). Currently, geomatics permits the obtaining of very accurate and dense 3D models (possibly enriched with textures) and derived products, in both raster and vector format. Many standards were published for the geographic field or in the cultural heritage domain. However, the first ones are limited in the foreseen representation scales (the maximum is achieved by OGC CityGML), and the semantic values do not consider the full semantic richness of AH. The second ones (especially the core ontology CIDOC â CRM, the Conceptual Reference Model of the Documentation Commettee of the International Council of Museums) were employed to document museumsâ objects. Even if it was recently extended to standing buildings and a spatial extension was included, the integration of complex 3D models has not yet been achieved. In this thesis, the aspects (especially spatial issues) to consider in the documentation of monuments are analysed. In the light of them, the OGC CityGML is extended for the management of AH complexity. An approach âfrom the landscape to the detailâ is used, for considering the monument in a wider system, which is essential for analysis and reasoning about such complex objects. An implementation test is conducted on a case study, preferring open source applications
Spatial ontologies for architectural heritage
Informatics and artificial intelligence have generated new requirements for digital archiving, information, and documentation. Semantic interoperability has become fundamental for the management and sharing of information. The constraints to data interpretation enable both database interoperability, for data and schemas sharing and reuse, and information retrieval in large datasets. Another challenging issue is the exploitation of automated reasoning possibilities. The solution is the use of domain ontologies as a reference for data modelling in information systems. The architectural heritage (AH) domain is considered in this thesis. The documentation in this field, particularly complex and multifaceted, is well-known to be critical for the preservation, knowledge, and promotion of the monuments. For these reasons, digital inventories, also exploiting standards and new semantic technologies, are developed by international organisations (Getty Institute, ONU, European Union). Geometric and geographic information is essential part of a monument. It is composed by a number of aspects (spatial, topological, and mereological relations; accuracy; multi-scale representation; time; etc.). Currently, geomatics permits the obtaining of very accurate and dense 3D models (possibly enriched with textures) and derived products, in both raster and vector format. Many standards were published for the geographic field or in the cultural heritage domain. However, the first ones are limited in the foreseen representation scales (the maximum is achieved by OGC CityGML), and the semantic values do not consider the full semantic richness of AH. The second ones (especially the core ontology CIDOC â CRM, the Conceptual Reference Model of the Documentation Commettee of the International Council of Museums) were employed to document museumsâ objects. Even if it was recently extended to standing buildings and a spatial extension was included, the integration of complex 3D models has not yet been achieved. In this thesis, the aspects (especially spatial issues) to consider in the documentation of monuments are analysed. In the light of them, the OGC CityGML is extended for the management of AH complexity. An approach âfrom the landscape to the detailâ is used, for considering the monument in a wider system, which is essential for analysis and reasoning about such complex objects. An implementation test is conducted on a case study, preferring open source applications
Training of Crisis Mappers and Map Production from Multi-sensor Data: Vernazza Case Study (Cinque Terre National Park, Italy)
This aim of paper is to presents the development of a multidisciplinary project carried out by the cooperation between Politecnico di Torino and ITHACA (Information Technology for Humanitarian Assistance, Cooperation and Action). The goal of the project was the training in geospatial data acquiring and processing for students attending Architecture and Engineering Courses, in order to start up a team of "volunteer mappers". Indeed, the project is aimed to document the environmental and built heritage subject to disaster; the purpose is to improve the capabilities of the actors involved in the activities connected in geospatial data collection, integration and sharing. The proposed area for testing the training activities is the Cinque Terre National Park, registered in the World Heritage List since 1997. The area was affected by flood on the 25th of October 2011. According to other international experiences, the group is expected to be active after emergencies in order to upgrade maps, using data acquired by typical geomatic methods and techniques such as terrestrial and aerial Lidar, close-range and aerial photogrammetry, topographic and GNSS instruments etc.; or by non conventional systems and instruments such us UAV, mobile mapping etc. The ultimate goal is to implement a WebGIS platform to share all the data collected with local authorities and the Civil Protectio
Digital modeling of the impact of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake
Toys have played a role in the development of 3D skills for architects. As a
continuation of this, games, a subgenre of which are city building games,
the father of all is SimCity, a variant of construction management games,
underlay a socio-economic model. Outgoing from a general view of the role
of toys and games in building the skills of architects, we focus on the modelling
of the impact of earthquakes on urban areas. The particular case considered
is Lisbon 1755, set into the context of related developments such as
l'Aquila 2009 and Bucharest 1977. We examined the 3D modelling of the
city, which can be the base for computer games, namely the GIS based,
Google Earth and Second Life. For all these modells we filled forms which
are provided in the annexes, to see the usability and potential improvements,
which will be considered in the model we propose. The later builds a
game with a socio-economic component, but both later ones have the social
component of crowd sourcing participation. The Second Life concept can
be extended with narratives of chance like in board games, to realise the
immersion like in a novel in the historic time depicted, organising for example
virtual events in the public space framework modelled. Different Levels
of Detail are identified as necessary in order to on one side identify the
landmarks of the image of the city in the perception of inhabitants and tourists
and on the other hand to model populations of buildings for future economic
studies, based on a structural mechanics instead of statistical approach.
Outgoing from this analysis we propose an own concept to model
the impact of the 1755 earthquake on Lisbon. We based our concept on the
analysis of the space and time aspects in the memory of the pre-disaster
city, and considered 72 landmark buildings which can be symbolically
modeled as spaces, based on a 2D to 3D concept. Depending on where they
were situated, these have been affected by the earthquake or not. We provide
besides the overview of the literature on games for architecture on urbanism
purposes also this one on memory. This includes on its side a game,
for lessons learned in the identification of the landmarks of the city. Apart
of the game, there is a guided tour with timeline and the 3D model in itself.
Codes are provided. For the analysis we used different views of the city:
eye-level, silhouette (from the river) and aerial. This can be the basis of a
future augmented reality application including the 3D model and the photos/
engravings of the time. The socio-economic component will be based on the modeling of material resources necessary to retrofit or reconstruct, for
the detailedly considered âpombalinoâ buildings. But first of all identifying
the urban morphology through 3D modeling is serving as a basis for master
planning, especially the strategic planning of the minimal urban structure, in
both preventive pre-earthquake intervention and post-earthquake reconstruction, as aimed for in the âLisbon in motionâ workshop and planned related ones
PRESERVING THE VERNACULAR POSTINDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE: BIG DATA GEOSPATIAL APPROACHES TO HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND INTERPRETATION
Redundant historical industrial sites, or postindustrial landscapes, face numerous preservation challenges. Functionally obsolete, and often derelict and decaying, these cultural landscapes often retain only a fraction of their original infrastructure. With their historical interconnections made indistinct by their physical separation and obscured by the passage of time, surviving remnants are isolated and disjunct, confounding both their legibility and their consideration for formal historic preservation. Nevertheless, they persist. This dissertation presents a theoretical understanding of the nature of postindustrial landscape preservation, and argues that the material persistence of its historical constituents is the result of previously overlooked processes of informal material conservation, here termed vernacular preservation.
Further, this dissertation examines ways that heritage professionals can manage and interpret these vast, complex, and shattered landscapes, using 21st-century digital and spatial tools. Confronted by ongoing depopulation and divestment, and constrained by limited financial capacity to reverse the trend of blight and property loss, communities and individuals concerned with the preservation of vernacular postindustrial landscapes face many unique management and interpretation challenges. The successful heritagization of the postindustrial landscape depends on its comprehension, and communication, as a historically complex network of systems, and I argue that utilizing advanced digital and spatial tool such as historical GIS and procedural modeling can aid communities and heritage professionals in managing, preserving, and interpreting these landscapes.
This dissertation presents heritage management and interpretation strategies that emphasize the historical, but now largely missing, spatial and temporal contexts of todayâs postindustrial landscape in Michiganâs Copper Country. A series of case studies illustrates the demonstrated and potential value of using a big-data, longitudinally-linked digital infrastructure, or Historical GIS (HGIS), known as the Copper Country Historical Spatial Data Infrastructure (CC-HSDI), for heritage management and interpretation. These studies support the public education and conservation goals of the communities in this nationally-significant mining region through providing accessible, engaging, and meaningful historical spatiotemporal context, and by helping to promote and encourage the ongoing management and preservation of this ever-evolving postindustrial landscape
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