13,278 research outputs found

    A Study on Green Economy Indicators and Modeling: Russian Context

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    This article aims to assess and forecast the dynamics of a regional green economy. The research relevance is determined by the need to develop theoretical and methodological basis of the green economy for the transition period and to identify criteria basis for assessing the state and regional level of it. The authors applied the modern methods, which allowed to model criteria considering data uncertainty and both static and dynamic criteria. The research process involved the methods of scientific analysis, comparison and synthesis, the theory of fuzzy sets, and fuzzy modeling. The main principles and methodology of the criteria evaluation for a regional green economy are proposed. The principal methodological approach in this research combines the current state and dynamics of the green economy in evaluating and forecasting the conditions of data uncertainty. The research results form a theoretical, methodological, and practical basis for assessing the current state and level of a regional green economy development, determining the effectiveness of environmental and economic programs, optimizing financial management, conducting environmental monitoring, and developing state plans.The research was funded by the grant of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation to Perm National Research Polytechnic University # 26.6884.2017/8.9 "Sustainable development of urban areas and the improvement of the human environment.

    A Study on Green Economy Indicators and Modeling: Russian Context

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    This article aims to assess and forecast the dynamics of a regional green economy. The research relevance is determined by the need to develop theoretical and methodological basis of the green economy for the transition period and to identify criteria basis for assessing the state and regional level of it. The authors applied the modern methods, which allowed to model criteria considering data uncertainty and both static and dynamic criteria. The research process involved the methods of scientific analysis, comparison and synthesis, the theory of fuzzy sets, and fuzzy modeling. The main principles and methodology of the criteria evaluation for a regional green economy are proposed. The principal methodological approach in this research combines the current state and dynamics of the green economy in evaluating and forecasting the conditions of data uncertainty. The research results form a theoretical, methodological, and practical basis for assessing the current state and level of a regional green economy development, determining the effectiveness of environmental and economic programs, optimizing financial management, conducting environmental monitoring, and developing state plans.The research was funded by the grant of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation to Perm National Research Polytechnic University # 26.6884.2017/8.9 "Sustainable development of urban areas and the improvement of the human environment.

    A Model for the Development of Sustainable Innovations for the Early Phase of the Innovation Process

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    Current industrial development is faced by the global challenge to meet the continuously growing demand for capital and consumer goods in emerging countries while simultaneously ensuring a sustainable industrial growth in the social, environmental and economic dimension. By means of market dynamics of cooperation and competition in global value creation and knowledge networks, innovations geared towards sustainability can be essential drivers for realizing a sustainable development. The targeted development of new sustainable innovations is consequently a key activity in order to move towards sustainable industrial growth. This paper will describe a model for the development of sustainable innovations. The model focuses on idea generation in the early phase of the innovations process, addressing the fuzzy front end of innovation. In this context, specific goals and principles of sustainable development are integrated into a problem-solving approach. This integrated approach is subsequently used as a foundation for the targeted development of sustainable innovations in the frame of a workshop concept

    Assessment of Cleaner Production Level in Agro based Industries โ€“ A Fuzzy Logic Approach

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    AbstractCleaner Production (CP) is a preventive environmental strategy and across the globe there are plenty of success stories of its initiatives which have not successfully transcended to realize the fruits. In this context, there is a need to promote CP initiative to help the industry, society and environment. Hence, present level of CP is to be assessed which facilitates exploring the potential for further CP. This underscores the need for developing a methodology to estimate the CP level. Generalizing the evaluation of assessment of CP is difficult due to heterogeneous nature of operations in industries. The application of fuzzy logic assists in addressing this complexity by offering a methodology that can be adapted to any type of organization by identifying the appropriate variables. This paper presents a model developed to assess the CP status and implementation of this model on 22 cashew processing units. In the assessment of CP level, contributing parameters viz., process efficiency, environmental degradation, and sustainability aspects are considered. Various dimensions of each contributing parameter is identified and measured in the overall estimation of CP level. The result of the study has useful policy implications for catalyzing the CP initiatives

    Understanding energy efficiency in households and hotels in Spain: a combination of methods to account for stakeholders, views.

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    143 p.The growing complexities of the current energy price crisis and environmental problems are leading to an acceleration in reductions in energy consumption. Stimulating the adoption of energy efficiency is one of the strategies formulated by the international community to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Buildings in the EU are responsible for 40% of our energy consumption and 36% of greenhouse gas emissions. Improving energy efficiency in buildings therefore plays a key role in attaining the ambitious goal of carbon-neutrality by 2050. Huge investments in energy efficiency are required to achieve energy savings and climate goals. However, despite its significant monetary benefits and environmental advantages, levels of EE in buildings are generally low. This is the so-called energy efficiency gap. Many reasons exist for it, which can be mainly grouped into market, behavioural and other failures. And different energy efficiency policy instruments can be used to address those failures. If energy efficiency leads to significant reductions in energy consumption (and bills), why do residential and non-residential buildings invest so little in it? How should policy makers encourage investments in energy efficiency? What effective ways are there of making energy efficiency policies effective and accepted by all stakeholders? By answering these overarching research questions, the dissertationยฟs main goal is to study the effects of energy efficiency policies and to understand how these policy instruments can be designed to promote effective, cheaper reductions in emissions and energy consumption in households and hotels, mainly in the context of Spain. To that end, this dissertation integrates and combines different methodologies, i.e. semi-quantitative approaches through the use of focus groups and surveys to understand behavioural complexity; and a quantitative econometric approach based on hedonic price method to provide evidence of the effectiveness of EE labels. We find that the application of policy packages may be useful for less coercive policy instruments (especially for households) and for ambitious EE targets. Specifically, ambitious technical standards and specific regulation would ensure that energy is saved. Environmental education and information policies seem to be useful in helping consumers to make better decisions. Additionally, in the light of variation in policy acceptability for economic instruments, energy tax could be combined with subsidies or other revenue recycling schemes. Findings suggest that various policy instruments can be used to help achieve EE targets, but good policy design and excellent implementation are needed, considering behavioural complexity on the part of key stakeholders and features of the policy instrumentsbc3: basque center for climate chang

    Comparative analysis on decision making in the case of nuclear power plant development in the Republic of Kazakhstan

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฒฝ์˜ยท๊ฒฝ์ œยท์ •์ฑ…์ „๊ณต, 2019. 2. Heo, Eunnyeong.์นด์žํ์Šคํƒ„์€ ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ตญ์ด์ž ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ตญ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ตฌ ์†Œ๋ จ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ด๊ธฐ์— ์›์ž๋ ฅ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค. ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„ ๋งค์žฅ๋Ÿ‰์€ ํŠนํžˆ ์นด์žํ์Šคํƒ„ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์›์ž๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ์˜จ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์›์ž๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์นด์žํ์Šคํƒ„์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์‹œ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ œ์•ฝ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์นด์žํ์Šคํƒ„์—์„œ ์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „์ œ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฐพ์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์˜ ์ค‘์š”๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์„์— ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ œ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋“ค์„ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์„ค๋ฌธ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์ค‘๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ 12๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์นด์žํ์Šคํƒ„ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ค‘ ์‹ค๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ถ€์™€ ์žฌ์ •์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ถ€ ์†Œ์† ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ 4๊ฐœ ์ค‘๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ 12๊ฐœ ์„ธ๋ถ€์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ AHP ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ์ค‘์š”๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ถ€ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์€ 4๊ฐœ ์ค‘๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์ฆ ์ค‘์š”๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ถ€ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ •์น˜์  ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ๊ฑด์„ค๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ํšŒ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋“ฑ์ด ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ถ€ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ถ€ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์€ ์†Œ์Œ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด๋‚˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์€ ์ค‘์š”๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์™€ ์นด์žํ์Šคํƒ„ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์›์ž๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š”์–ด : Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), ์นด์žํ์Šคํƒ„, ์›์ž๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „, ์ •๋ถ€์ •์ฑ…. ํ•™ ๋ฒˆ : 2017-29469Despite that almost all former USSR republics refused Soviet nuclear weapons, only Kazakhstan could reap the maximum of reputational benefits from this and make the nuclear-free status a part of its international reputation. Being among largest producers and exporters of uranium in the world, Kazakhstan is directly interested in the development of the nuclear industry. The abundance of uranium resources and the provision of continuous supplies of low-enriched uranium provides an additional incentive for the development of domestic nuclear programs. As a result, the issue of necessity of a nuclear power plant in Kazakhstan is occasionally discussed in the government. In this regard, there are many questions that have to be answered before the construction of the nuclear power plant could begin. This research tries to investigate and rank the assessment criteria and factors that should be taken into account for the construction of a nuclear power plant in Kazakhstan. The methodology of this study consists of two steps: First, a detailed literature review is conducted in order to identify the assessment criteria and sub-criteria for government officials in decision making. The second step covers obtaining opinions from the experts in energy-related area. The collected information is analyzed using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). With the help of the AHP, the weight of each criterion and sub-criterion is calculated. The results show that among all four criteria, the Economic criterion is the most crucial for decision makers from the Ministry for Investments and Development. On the other hand, the Environmental criterion is the most important among decision makers from the Ministry of Energy. The Environmental criterion was assessed by the Ministry for Investments and Development as the least important factor in the construction of a nuclear power plant. Interestingly, both decision making groups did not assess the Socio-Political criterion as an important barrier. Moreover, government officials from the Ministry for Investment and Development believe that Construction cost and Payback period are the most important barriers in the development of a nuclear power plant, however, Social Acceptance and Noise play only an insignificant role in the decision making. In the case of the Ministry of Energy, criteria such as Impact on environment and Land use are the most significant, while Efficiency and R&D were assessed with a low importance. Key words: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Republic of Kazakhstan, Criteria, Decision making, Nuclear energy, Nuclear power plant. Student number: 2017-29469Abstract iii Contents v List of Tables vii List of Figures viii Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Overall introduction 1 1.2 Development of energy sector in Kazakhstan 3 1.3 Energy sector in the Republic of Kazakhstan 9 1.4 Purpose of study 16 1.5 Research motivation 21 1.6 Research questions and thesis structure 23 Chapter 2. Literature review and methodology for comparative analysis 25 2.1 Literature review 25 2.2 The Analytic Hierarchy Process 31 2.3 Why the Analytic Hierarchy Process? 34 2.4 Main steps of the AHP 37 2.4.1 Representing the initial problem in the form of a hierarchical structure 37 2.4.2 Pairwise comparison of individual hierarchy component 38 2.4.3 Obtaining normalized matrix 40 2.4.4 Consistency index and consistency ratio 41 Chapter 3. Model and Data 43 3.1 Previous studies 43 3.2 Basic concept of barriers related to the construction of nuclear power plants 50 3.3 Description of criteria 52 3.3.1 Socio-Political criterion 52 3.3.2 Technical criterion 53 3.3.3 Economic criterion 54 3.3.4 Environmental criterion 55 3.4 Consistency test 58 Chapter 4. Results of AHP 65 4.1 Weights of main criteria 65 4.2 Weights of sub criteria within Socio-Political criterion 68 4.3 Weights of sub criteria within Technical criterion 71 4.4 Weights of sub criteria within Economic criterion 73 4.5 Weights of sub criteria within Environmental criterion 75 4.6 Results of Global Priorities 77 4.7 Comparative analysis 81 4.7.1 Ministry for Investments and Development 81 4.7.2 Ministry of Energy 83 4.7.3 Weight of each barrier and analysis of differences between two decision making groups โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ..85 Chapter 5. Conclusion 87 5.1 Overall conclusion 88 5.2 Limitations of Study 90 Bibliography 91 Appendix 1: Questionaire 103 Abstract (Korean) 113 Aknowledgement 115Maste

    To develop an efficient variable speed compressor motor system

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    This research presents a proposed new method of improving the energy efficiency of a Variable Speed Drive (VSD) for induction motors. The principles of VSD are reviewed with emphasis on the efficiency and power losses associated with the operation of the variable speed compressor motor drive, particularly at low speed operation.The efficiency of induction motor when operated at rated speed and load torque is high. However at low load operation, application of the induction motor at rated flux will cause the iron losses to increase excessively, hence its efficiency will reduce dramatically. To improve this efficiency, it is essential to obtain the flux level that minimizes the total motor losses. This technique is known as an efficiency or energy optimization control method. In practice, typical of the compressor load does not require high dynamic response, therefore improvement of the efficiency optimization control that is proposed in this research is based on scalar control model.In this research, development of a new neural network controller for efficiency optimization control is proposed. The controller is designed to generate both voltage and frequency reference signals imultaneously. To achieve a robust controller from variation of motor parameters, a real-time or on-line learning algorithm based on a second order optimization Levenberg-Marquardt is employed. The simulation of the proposed controller for variable speed compressor is presented. The results obtained clearly show that the efficiency at low speed is significant increased. Besides that the speed of the motor can be maintained. Furthermore, the controller is also robust to the motor parameters variation. The simulation results are also verified by experiment

    Food waste as a consequence of an inefficient consumerโ€™s choices: a microeconomic approach

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    This study frames the household food waste challenge in the microeconomic theory context by proposing a model that considers food waste a consequence of inefficient consumer choices. A data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology was applied to factor consumerโ€™s efficiency level dimension, starting from data collected through a web survey conducted in Italy with a sample of 530 individuals responsible for their householdsโ€™ food-shopping. The findings confirm that food waste is a complex issue, affected by both behavioural and psychological factors, synthesized in three indices constructed with fuzzy analysis. The results show that the shopping behaviour index generates a higher average efficiency score for food waste minimization than the food waste concerns and moral attitudes indices. Furthermore, those drivers have different efficiency levels in reducing food waste with reference to gender, age, family composition, and educational level. The results have several implications for policymakers: they highlight the need to implement tailored educational and information campaigns that consider the most important targets identified, such as large families with children, young people, and me
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