Modeling Software Product Lines Using Feature Diagrams

The leading strategies for systematic software reuse focus on reuse of domain knowledge. One such strategy is software product line engineering. This strategy selects a set of reusable software components that form the core around which software products in a domain are built. Feature modeling is a process that enables engineers to identify these core assets, in particular the com(e.g., shared) and variable features of products. The focus of this thesis is to give an overview of the feature modeling process by introducing feature diagrams. Feature diagrams capture and represent comand variable properties (features) of the software products in a domain, focusing on properties that may vary, which are further used to produce different software products. We present practical examples that show how feature models are used to represent a set of valid composition of features (configurations), in which each configuration can be considered as a specification of a software system instantiated from a software product line

Measurements, Models, Systems and Design

531 s.

Halo - A Personal IoT Air Monitor Powered by Harvested Energy

Urban air pollution leads to widespread respiratory illness and millions of deaths annually. PM2.5, particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 micrometers, is the product of many common combustion reactions and poses a particularly serious health risk. Its small size allows it to penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream. Existing air quality monitors are aimed at scientific research, di↵erentiating between pollutants and providing high accuracy in measurement. These devices are prohibitively expensive and cannot easily be carried around. Due to the highly localized nature of air pollution, and in order to allow individuals and institutions to easily monitor their real-time exposure to PM2.5, we propose Halo, an air quality monitor costing less than $100. Halo is powered by a 500 mW solar panel and equipped with a 1500 mAh Lithium-Ion battery in order to handle 150 mW peak power consumption and operate continuously for over 24 hours without power input. The device is small enough to be clipped to a backpack or bag for easy portability, and it can be used in personal or public settings. Using an IR emitter and detector, Halo measures reflected IR light to determine the particulate concentration in the air with an error less than 10%. It uses Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to communicate these values to a user’s phone. From the phone, air data can be time-stamped, stored in a cloud database, and visualized in an app for easy monitoring of pollution trends and pollution exposure. Additionally, the cloud database allows for the aggregation of data from multiple devices to create crowdsourced pollution maps. These maps can be used to pinpoint areas with particularly bad air quality in order to try to make changes to these areas or to help users to know to avoid these areas in possible

Generaattoreiden tuotearkkitehtuurin optimoiminen tuotekonfigurointia varten

This thesis is written for a global power and automation technology company called ABB. The primary purpose of the thesis is to be a pre-study concerning product configuration. Product configuration means systematical product variation that enables to produce customized product variants for different customers with minimized effort. There are two research objectives for the thesis. First one concerns the product architecture that divides products in a reasonable way, and the other one concerns product configurators that are used to configure products. The first objective is to produce guidelines how the product architectures should be designed, and the other objective is to point out the main aspects to be considered as configurators are selected. To achieve the objectives, the thesis presents different types of generators, how mass customization can be done in practice, what type of product architectures can be identified, what are modules, and the order fulfilment process of configurated products. Throughout the literature research, the research questions are answered, and the answers are applied into practice via a case example. One widely accepted approach to establish product architecture is to divide the structure based on its functionalities. However, this approach has not yielded the desired results in many cases as it typically considers only technical decisions. Product architectures have also many other impacts to the product and thus should be established by taking account the company's strategy, organizational structure, process structure, and value chains. This can be achieved by using a Company Strategic Landscape model which indicates the most important aspects concerning the product architecture of a specific product or a company. Product configurators can be used for several reasons in the order fulfilment process. Typically, they can be divided to configurators used by the sales, engineers, and production. The best configuration system would be certain in which only one configurator selects the desired options and the others automatically derive their output based on this configuration. The most applicable configurators are the ones that have divided the configuration engine and configuration models (i.e., proper variant combinations) from each other. To ease the management of the configuration models, they should be handled in PDM/CAD system.Tämä diplomityö on kirjoitettu globaalille sähkövoima- ja automaatioteknologia yritykselle nimeltä ASS. Tämän työn ensisijainen tarkoitus on olla esiselvitys liittyen tuotekonfigurointiin. Tuotekonfigurointi tarkoittaa systemaattista tuotevariointia, jonka avulla yksilöllisiä tuotevariantteja pystytään valmistamaan eri asiakkaille mahdollisimman pienellä vaivalla. Tällä työllä on kaksi tutkimustavoitetta. Ensimmäinen tavoite liittyy tuotearkkitehtuuriin, joka jakaa tuotteen järkeenkäyvällä tavalla, ja toinen tavoite liittyy tuotekonfiguraattoreihin, joilla konfiguroidaan tuotevariantteja. Ensimmäinen tavoite on tuottaa ohjeistus siitä kuinka tuotearkkitehtuurit tulisi suunnitella. ja toinen tavoite on osoittaa tärkeimmät seikat, jotka tulisi huomioida konfiguraattoreita valittaessa. Tavoitteiden saavuttamiseksi työssä esitellään eri generaattorityypit, kuinka massaräätälöintiä voidaan toteuttaa käytännössä, millaisia tuotearkkitehtuureja on olemassa, mitä moduulit ovat ja konfiguroitujen tuotteiden tilaustoimitusprosessi. Kirjallisuustutkimuksen perusteella vastataan tutkimuskysymyksiin ja vastauksia sovelletaan käytäntöön esimerkkiprojektin avulla. Yksi yleisesti hyväksytty lähestymistapa tuotearkkitehtuurin määrittämiseksi on jakaa rakenne tuotteen toiminnallisuuksien perusteella. Tällä lähestymistavalla ei ole kuitenkaan onnistuttu tuottamaan haluttuja tuloksia monessakaan tapauksessa, koska se liittyy tyypillisesti vain teknisiin ratkaisuihin. Tuotearkkitehtuurit vaikuttavat monella muullakin tavalla tuotteisiin ja siksi niiden määrittämiseksi tulisi huomioida myös yrityksen strategia, organisaatiorakenne, prosessirakenne ja arvoketjut. CSL-malli (Company Strategic Landscape) ottaa nämä huomioon. CSL osoittaa tärkeimmät seikat, jotka liittyvät tietyn tuotteen tai yrityksen tuotteiden tuotearkkitehtuuriin. Tuotekonfiguraattoreita voidaan käyttää moniin tarkoituksiin tilaus-toimitusprosessissa. Tyypillisesti ne pystytään jakamaan myynnin, suunnittelun ja tuotannon käyttämiin konfiguraattoreihin. Paras konfigurointijärjestelmä olisi sellainen. jossa vain yksi konfiguraattori määrittää variantin ominaisuudet ja muut rakentavat oman tuotoksensa tämän perusteella. Käyttökelpoisimmissa konfiguraattoreissa ohjelman logiikka ja konfigurointimallit (variantin mahdolliset ominaisuudet) ovat erotettu toisistaan. Konfigurointimallien käsittelyn helpottamiseksi niitä tulisi käsitellä PDM/CAD järjestelmässä

Energy autonomous systems : future trends in devices, technology, and systems

The rapid evolution of electronic devices since the beginning of the nanoelectronics era has brought about exceptional computational power in an ever shrinking system footprint. This has enabled among others the wealth of nomadic battery powered wireless systems (smart phones, mp3 players, GPS, …) that society currently enjoys. Emerging integration technologies enabling even smaller volumes and the associated increased functional density may bring about a new revolution in systems targeting wearable healthcare, wellness, lifestyle and industrial monitoring applications

Digital signal processor fundamentals and system design

Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) have been used in accelerator systems for more than fifteen years and have largely contributed to the evolution towards digital technology of many accelerator systems, such as machine protection, diagnostics and control of beams, power supply and motors. This paper aims at familiarising the reader with DSP fundamentals, namely DSP characteristics and processing development. Several DSP examples are given, in particular on Texas Instruments DSPs, as they are used in the DSP laboratory companion of the lectures this paper is based upon. The typical system design flow is described; common difficulties, problems and choices faced by DSP developers are outlined; and hints are given on the best solution

Second year technical report on-board processing for future satellite communications systems

Advanced baseband and microwave switching techniques for large domestic communications satellites operating in the 30/20 GHz frequency bands are discussed. The nominal baseband processor throughput is one million packets per second (1.6 Gb/s) from one thousand T1 carrier rate customer premises terminals. A frequency reuse factor of sixteen is assumed by using 16 spot antenna beams with the same 100 MHz bandwidth per beam and a modulation with a one b/s per Hz bandwidth efficiency. Eight of the beams are fixed on major metropolitan areas and eight are scanning beams which periodically cover the remainder of the U.S. under dynamic control. User signals are regenerated (demodulated/remodulated) and message packages are reformatted on board. Frequency division multiple access and time division multiplex are employed on the uplinks and downlinks, respectively, for terminals within the coverage area and dwell interval of a scanning beam. Link establishment and packet routing protocols are defined. Also described is a detailed design of a separate 100 x 100 microwave switch capable of handling nonregenerated signals occupying the remaining 2.4 GHz bandwidth with 60 dB of isolation, at an estimated weight and power consumption of approximately 400 kg and 100 W, respectively

The 1992 4th NASA SERC Symposium on VLSI Design

Papers from the fourth annual NASA Symposium on VLSI Design, co-sponsored by the IEEE, are presented. Each year this symposium is organized by the NASA Space Engineering Research Center (SERC) at the University of Idaho and is held in conjunction with a quarterly meeting of the NASA Data System Technology Working Group (DSTWG). One task of the DSTWG is to develop new electronic technologies that will meet next generation electronic data system needs. The symposium provides insights into developments in VLSI and digital systems which can be used to increase data systems performance. The NASA SERC is proud to offer, at its fourth symposium on VLSI design, presentations by an outstanding set of individuals from national laboratories, the electronics industry, and universities. These speakers share insights into next generation advances that will serve as a basis for future VLSI design