Lightweight cryptographic protocols for mobile devices

Title from PDF of title page viewed June 30, 2020Dissertation advisor: Lein HarnIncludes bibliographical references (pages 146-163)Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Computing and Engineering. University of Missouri--Kansas City. 2020In recent years, a wide range of resource-constrained devices have been built and integrated into many networked systems. These devices collect and transfer data over the Internet in order for users to access the data or to control these devices remotely. However, the data also may contain sensitive information such as medical records or credit card numbers. This underscores the importance of protecting potentially sensitive data before it is transferred over the network. To provide security services such as data confidentiality and authentication, these devices must be provided with cryptographic keys to encrypt the data. Designing security schemes for resource-limited devices is a challenging task due to the inherit characteristics of these devices which are limited memory, processing power and battery life. In this dissertation, we propose lightweight polynomial-based cryptographic protocols in three environments that encompass resource-constrained devices which are Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Fog Computing, and Blockchain Network. With polynomial-based schemes, we guarantee high network connectivity due to the existence of a shared pairwise key between every pair of nodes in the network. More importantly, the proposed schemes are lightweight which means they exhibit low memory, processing and communication overheads for resource-constrained devices compared with other schemes. The only problem with polynomial-based schemes is that they suffer from node-captured attacks. That is, when an attacker captured a specific number of nodes, the attacker could compromise the security of the whole network. In this dissertation, we propose, for the first time, polynomial-based schemes with probabilistic security in WSNs. That is, when the attacker captured a specific number of sensor nodes, there is a low probability the attacker could compromised the security of the whole network. We show how we can modify system’s parameters to lower such attacks.Introduction -- Overview of cryptographical key distribution schemes -- Related work -- Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNS) -- Fog computing -- Blockchain Networks -- Conclusion and future wor

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Sensor networks are composed of resource constrained tiny sensor devices. They have less computational power and memory. Communication in sensor network is done in multi-hop, and for secure communication, neighboring sensor nodes must possess a secret common key among them. Symmetric and public key cryptography require more processing and memory space. Hence, they are not suitable for sensor network. Key pre-distribution is a widely accepted mechanism for key distribution in sensor network. In this thesis we proposed a deterministic key pre-distribution scheme using BCH codes. We mapped the BCH code to key identifier and the keys corresponding to each key identifier are installed into the sensor nodes before deployment. We compared our proposed scheme with existing one and found that it has a better resiliency. Our proposed scheme is scalable and requires the same or less number of keys for a given number of nodes than the existing well known schemes. We have also proposed an efficient key revocation technique using a novel distributed voting mechanism in which neighboring nodes of a sensor can vote against it if they suspect the node to be a compromised one. In the proposed key revocation scheme compromised nodes as well as the compromised keys are completely removed from the network

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are made up of a large number of tiny sensors, which can sense, analyze, and communicate information about the outside world. These networks play a significant role in a broad range of fields, from crucial military surveillance applications to monitoring building security. Key management in WSNs is a critical task. While the security and integrity of messages communicated through these networks and the authenticity of the nodes are dependent on the robustness of the key management schemes, designing an efficient key generation, distribution, and revocation scheme is quite challenging. While resource-constrained sensor nodes should not be exposed to computationally demanding asymmetric key algorithms, the use of symmetric key-based systems leaves the entire network vulnerable to several attacks. This chapter provides a comprehensive survey of several well-known cryptographic mechanisms and key management schemes for WSNs

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Optical Communication

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