Software Defined Networks based Smart Grid Communication: A Comprehensive Survey

The current power grid is no longer a feasible solution due to ever-increasing user demand of electricity, old infrastructure, and reliability issues and thus require transformation to a better grid a.k.a., smart grid (SG). The key features that distinguish SG from the conventional electrical power grid are its capability to perform two-way communication, demand side management, and real time pricing. Despite all these advantages that SG will bring, there are certain issues which are specific to SG communication system. For instance, network management of current SG systems is complex, time consuming, and done manually. Moreover, SG communication (SGC) system is built on different vendor specific devices and protocols. Therefore, the current SG systems are not protocol independent, thus leading to interoperability issue. Software defined network (SDN) has been proposed to monitor and manage the communication networks globally. This article serves as a comprehensive survey on SDN-based SGC. In this article, we first discuss taxonomy of advantages of SDNbased SGC.We then discuss SDN-based SGC architectures, along with case studies. Our article provides an in-depth discussion on routing schemes for SDN-based SGC. We also provide detailed survey of security and privacy schemes applied to SDN-based SGC. We furthermore present challenges, open issues, and future research directions related to SDN-based SGC.Comment: Accepte

An openflow-based approach to failure detection and protection for a multicasting tree

Software Defined Networking (SDN) has received considerable attention for both experimental and real networks. The programmability of the centralized control plane utilizes the global view of the network to provide better solutions for complex problems in SDN. This results in an increase in robustness and reliability of network functions running in SDN. This paper is motivated by recent advancement in SDN and increasing popularity of multicasting applications by proposing a technique to increase the resiliency of multicasting in SDN. Multicasting is a group communication technology, which uses the network infrastructure efficiently by sending the data only once from one or multiple sources to a group of receivers. Multicasting applications, e.g., live video streaming and video conferencing, are popular and delay sensitive applications in the Internet. Failures in the ongoing multicast session can cause packet losses and delay and hence affect quality of service (QoS). In this paper, we present a technique to protect a multicasting tree constructed by Openflow switches in SDN. The proposed algorithm can detect link or node failures from the multicasting tree and then determines which part of the multicasting tree requires changes in the flow table to recover from the failure. We also implement a prototype of the algorithm in the POX control

Internet protocol television (IPTV): The Killer application for the next-generation internet

Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) will be the killer application for the next-generation Internet and will provide exciting new revenue opportunities for service providers. However, to deploy IPTV services with a full quality of service (QoS) guarantee, many underlying technologies must be further studied. This article serves as a survey of IPTV services and the underlying technologies. Technical challenges also are identified

Survivable multicasting in WDM optical networks

Opportunities abound in the global content delivery service market and it is here that multicasting is proving to be a powerful feature. In WDM networks, optical splitting is widely used to achieve multicasting. It removes the complications of optical-electronic-optical conversions [1]. Several multicasting algorithms have been proposed in the literature for building light trees. As the amount of fiber deployment increases in networks, the risk of losing large volumes of data traffic due to a fiber span cut or due to node failure also increases. In this thesis we propose heuristic schemes to make the primary multicast trees resilient to network impairments. We consider single link failures only, as they are the most common cause of service disruptions. Thus our heuristics make the primary multicast session survivable against single link failures by offering alternate multicast trees. We propose three algorithms for recovering from the failures with proactive methodologies and two algorithms for recovering from failures by reactive methodologies. We introduce the new and novel concept of critical subtree. Through our new approach the proactive and reactive approaches can be amalgamated together using a criticality threshold to provide recovery to the primary multicast tree. By varying the criticality threshold we can control the amount of protection and reaction that will be used for recovery. The performance of these five algorithms is studied in combinations and in standalone modes. The input multicast trees to all of these recovery heuristics come from a previous work on designing power efficient multicast algorithms for WDM optical networks [1]. Measurement of the power levels at receiving nodes is indeed indicative of the power efficiency of these recovery algorithms. Other parameters that are considered for the evaluation of the algorithms are network usage efficiency, (number of links used by the backup paths) and the computation time for calculating these backup paths. This work is the first to propose metrics for evaluating recovery algorithms for multicasting in WDM optical networks. It is also the first to introduce the concept of hybrid proactive and reactive approach and to propose a simple technique for achieving the proper mix

IP and ATM integration: A New paradigm in multi-service internetworking

ATM is a widespread technology adopted by many to support advanced data communication, in particular efficient Internet services provision. The expected challenges of multimedia communication together with the increasing massive utilization of IP-based applications urgently require redesign of networking solutions in terms of both new functionalities and enhanced performance. However, the networking context is affected by so many changes, and to some extent chaotic growth, that any approach based on a structured and complex top-down architecture is unlikely to be applicable. Instead, an approach based on finding out the best match between realistic service requirements and the pragmatic, intelligent use of technical opportunities made available by the product market seems more appropriate. By following this approach, innovations and improvements can be introduced at different times, not necessarily complying with each other according to a coherent overall design. With the aim of pursuing feasible innovations in the different networking aspects, we look at both IP and ATM internetworking in order to investigating a few of the most crucial topics/ issues related to the IP and ATM integration perspective. This research would also address various means of internetworking the Internet Protocol (IP) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) with an objective of identifying the best possible means of delivering Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for multi-service applications, exploiting the meritorious features that IP and ATM have to offer. Although IP and ATM often have been viewed as competitors, their complementary strengths and limitations from a natural alliance that combines the best aspects of both the technologies. For instance, one limitation of ATM networks has been the relatively large gap between the speed of the network paths and the control operations needed to configure those data paths to meet changing user needs. IP\u27s greatest strength, on the other hand, is the inherent flexibility and its capacity to adapt rapidly to changing conditions. These complementary strengths and limitations make it natural to combine IP with ATM to obtain the best that each has to offer. Over time many models and architectures have evolved for IP/ATM internetworking and they have impacted the fundamental thinking in internetworking IP and ATM. These technologies, architectures, models and implementations will be reviewed in greater detail in addressing possible issues in integrating these architectures s in a multi-service, enterprise network. The objective being to make recommendations as to the best means of interworking the two in exploiting the salient features of one another to provide a faster, reliable, scalable, robust, QoS aware network in the most economical manner. How IP will be carried over ATM when a commercial worldwide ATM network is deployed is not addressed and the details of such a network still remain in a state of flux to specify anything concrete. Our research findings culminated with a strong recommendation that the best model to adopt, in light of the impending integrated service requirements of future multi-service environments, is an ATM core with IP at the edges to realize the best of both technologies in delivering QoS guarantees in a seamless manner to any node in the enterprise

Quality of Service over Specific Link Layers: state of the art report

The Integrated Services concept is proposed as an enhancement to the current Internet architecture, to provide a better Quality of Service (QoS) than that provided by the traditional Best-Effort service. The features of the Integrated Services are explained in this report. To support Integrated Services, certain requirements are posed on the underlying link layer. These requirements are studied by the Integrated Services over Specific Link Layers (ISSLL) IETF working group. The status of this ongoing research is reported in this document. To be more specific, the solutions to provide Integrated Services over ATM, IEEE 802 LAN technologies and low-bitrate links are evaluated in detail. The ISSLL working group has not yet studied the requirements, that are posed on the underlying link layer, when this link layer is wireless. Therefore, this state of the art report is extended with an identification of the requirements that are posed on the underlying wireless link, to provide differentiated Quality of Service

Rohc-Mpls Tunnel Architecture For Wireless Mesh

Natural or human-made disasters are sudden events that can cause significant damage, especially to the network communication infrastructure. In these events, a rapid deployment of network communication systems is required in order to relay or receive the communication among the people in the disaster areas to conduct relief and rescue efforts. Wireless mesh networks have emerged and has been recognised for its potential for rapid deployment and last mile coverage of network infrastructure, which is highly suitable for emergency response management. While wireless mesh networks have beneficial attributes, it also introduces some crucial problems. During data transmission, the path recovery time is significantly higher resulting in the loss of data if node and link failures occur