Computational Geometry Column 42

A compendium of thirty previously published open problems in computational geometry is presented.Comment: 7 pages; 72 reference

Visibility Representations of Boxes in 2.5 Dimensions

We initiate the study of 2.5D box visibility representations (2.5D-BR) where vertices are mapped to 3D boxes having the bottom face in the plane $z=0$ and edges are unobstructed lines of sight parallel to the $x$- or $y$-axis. We prove that: $(i)$ Every complete bipartite graph admits a 2.5D-BR; $(ii)$ The complete graph $K_n$ admits a 2.5D-BR if and only if $n \leq 19$; $(iii)$ Every graph with pathwidth at most $7$ admits a 2.5D-BR, which can be computed in linear time. We then turn our attention to 2.5D grid box representations (2.5D-GBR) which are 2.5D-BRs such that the bottom face of every box is a unit square at integer coordinates. We show that an $n$-vertex graph that admits a 2.5D-GBR has at most $4n - 6 \sqrt{n}$ edges and this bound is tight. Finally, we prove that deciding whether a given graph $G$ admits a 2.5D-GBR with a given footprint is NP-complete. The footprint of a 2.5D-BR $\Gamma$ is the set of bottom faces of the boxes in $\Gamma$.Comment: Appears in the Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2016

On the number of 4-cycles in a tournament

If $T$ is an $n$-vertex tournament with a given number of $3$-cycles, what can be said about the number of its $4$-cycles? The most interesting range of this problem is where $T$ is assumed to have $c\cdot n^3$ cyclic triples for some $c>0$ and we seek to minimize the number of $4$-cycles. We conjecture that the (asymptotic) minimizing $T$ is a random blow-up of a constant-sized transitive tournament. Using the method of flag algebras, we derive a lower bound that almost matches the conjectured value. We are able to answer the easier problem of maximizing the number of $4$-cycles. These questions can be equivalently stated in terms of transitive subtournaments. Namely, given the number of transitive triples in $T$, how many transitive quadruples can it have? As far as we know, this is the first study of inducibility in tournaments.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure