ILR Research in Progress 2011-12

The production of scholarly research continues to be one of the primary missions of the ILR School. During a typical academic year, ILR faculty members published or had accepted for publication over 25 books, edited volumes, and monographs, 170 articles and chapters in edited volumes, numerous book reviews. In addition, a large number of manuscripts were submitted for publication, presented at professional association meetings, or circulated in working paper form. Our faculty's research continues to find its way into the very best industrial relations, social science and statistics journals.Research_in_Progress_2011_12.pdf: 46 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

A Meta-Analysis of Procedures to Change Implicit Measures

Using a novel technique known as network meta-analysis, we synthesized evidence from 492 studies (87,418 participants) to investigate the effectiveness of procedures in changing implicit measures, which we define as response biases on implicit tasks. We also evaluated these procedures’ effects on explicit and behavioral measures. We found that implicit measures can be changed, but effects are often relatively weak (|ds| \u3c .30). Most studies focused on producing short-term changes with brief, single-session manipulations. Procedures that associate sets of concepts, invoke goals or motivations, or tax mental resources changed implicit measures the most, whereas procedures that induced threat, affirmation, or specific moods/emotions changed implicit measures the least. Bias tests suggested that implicit effects could be inflated relative to their true population values. Procedures changed explicit measures less consistently and to a smaller degree than implicit measures and generally produced trivial changes in behavior. Finally, changes in implicit measures did not mediate changes in explicit measures or behavior. Our findings suggest that changes in implicit measures are possible, but those changes do not necessarily translate into changes in explicit measures or behavior

The influence of emotional priming on the neural substrates of memory: a prospective fMRI study using portrait art stimuli

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Models of collaboration between psychologist and family doctor: a systematic review of primary care psychology

open2noThe prevalence of psychological suffering is greater than the actual request for clinical consultation in Europe (Alonso et al., 2004). In Italy, no more than 5.5% of the population requested psychological assistance during lifetime (Miglioretti et al., 2008). There are different obstacles that prevent the access to mental health services, such as economic restrictions (Mulder et al., 2011), cultural prejudice (Kim et al., 2010), and lack of knowledge about the service providers that can answer to the patient’s psychological needs (Molinari et al., 2012). Therefore, the psychologist is often consulted as a last resort, only after everything else has failed, when problems have become severe, and thus requiring longer, more intensive, and expensive treatments. The introduction of the Primary Care Psychologist, a professional who works together with the family doctor, allows to overcome the above-mentioned problems and intercept unexpressed needs for psychological assistance. This professional role is operating in many countries since several years. In this study, current literature concerning different models of collaboration between physician and psychologist, in Europe and in Italy, was reviewed. A systematic search of Web of Science (ISI), Pubmed, Scopus, and PsychINFO was conducted using the initial search terms Primary Care Psychologist, Family Doctor, Primary Care, Collaborative Practice, and several relevant papers were identified. The review has shown the improved quality of care when mental health care is integrated into primary. Analyzing how different programs are implemented, results indicated that the more efficacious models of Primary Care Psychology are those tailored on the environment’s needs.The results of our systematic review stress the importance of the Primary Care Psychologist implementation also in Italy, to intercept unexpressed psychological needs and enhance clients’ quality of life.openFrancesca, Bianco; Enrico, BenelliBianco, Francesca; Benelli, Enric

Depressive and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia:Focus on networks and treatment

This thesis has two main aims. First, to review and increase knowledge concerning symptom interaction in patients with schizophrenia, with a specific focus on co-occurring depressive symptoms and its neural correlates in major depressive disorder (Part I and II). Second, to review and investigate different treatment aspects and outcomes in schizophrenia (quality of life, depressive symptoms and mortality) (Part III). In sum, both network studies showed the importance of depressive symptoms in the symptom networks of patients with schizophrenia and showed the stability of such a network structure. Although the network approaches has several issues of debate, it is a promising new way of thinking about psychopathology. The network approach is an example of a new conceptualisation of psychopathology as dynamic systems that change over time. Additionally, this view on mental illness facilitates a more transdiagnostic approach, in which emotion regulation should be an important target for future studies. Given the frequent co-occurrence of depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, its centrality, its correlations with suicidality and influence on quality of life, it is highly important to adequately treat co-occurring depressive symptoms and episodes. Systematically following the provided treatment guide to treat depressive symptoms or episodes might be useful. Additionally, meta-analyses showed that schizophrenia patients who do not use antipsychotics have a higher mortality risk compared to patients that use antipsychotics. In a similar way, continuous use of clozapine was related to a lower mortality risk compared to patients using other antipsychotics