36,070 research outputs found
Cheese tart press machine
Tart is a type of baked open-pastry which consists of a shortcrust pastry and a filling over it (Figure 9.1). Shortcrust pastry often used as the base for the tart. The filling may be usually something sweet and savory poured onto the crust, though modern tarts are usually fruit-based, sometimes with custard. In the production of tart, its crust is the main part. In the process of making tart crust, the dough must first be pressed to get the desired shape and size
Water exchange at a hydrated platinum electrode is rare and collective
We use molecular dynamics simulations to study the exchange kinetics of water
molecules at a model metal electrode surface -- exchange between water
molecules in the bulk liquid and water molecules bound to the metal. This
process is a rare event, with a mean residence time of a bound water of about
40 ns for the model we consider. With analysis borrowed from the techniques of
rare-event sampling, we show how this exchange or desorption is controlled by
(1) reorganization of the hydrogen bond network within the adlayer of bound
water molecules, and by (2) interfacial density fluctuations of the bulk liquid
adjacent to the adlayer. We define collective coordinates that describe the
desorption mechanism. Spatial and temporal correlations associated with a
single event extend over nanometers and tens of picoseconds.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure
IMPLEMENTATION OF A LOCALIZATION-ORIENTED HRI FOR WALKING ROBOTS IN THE ROBOCUP ENVIRONMENT
This paper presents the design and implementation of a human–robot interface capable of evaluating robot localization performance and maintaining full control of robot behaviors in the RoboCup domain. The system consists of legged robots, behavior modules, an overhead visual tracking system, and a graphic user interface. A human–robot communication framework is designed for executing cooperative and competitive processing tasks between users and robots by using object oriented and modularized software architecture, operability, and functionality. Some experimental results are presented to show the performance of the proposed system based on simulated and real-time information. </jats:p
Effective governing equations for poroelastic growing media
A new mathematical model is developed for the macroscopic behaviour of a porous, linear elastic solid, saturated with a slowly flowing incompressible, viscous fluid, with surface accretion of the solid phase. The derivation uses a formal two-scale asymptotic expansion to exploit the well-separated length scales of the material: the pores are small compared to the macroscale, with a spatially periodic microstructure. Surface accretion occurs at the interface between the solid and fluid phases, resulting in growth of the solid phase through mass exchange from the fluid at a prescribed rate (and vice versa). The averaging derives a new poroelastic model, which reduces to the classical result of Burridge and Keller in the limit of no growth. The new model is of relevance to a large range of applications including packed snow, tissue growth, biofilms and subsurface rocks or soils
Unified Models of Molecular Emission from Class 0 Protostellar Outflow Sources
Low mass star-forming regions are more complex than the simple spherically
symmetric approximation that is often assumed. We apply a more realistic
infall/outflow physical model to molecular/continuum observations of three late
Class 0 protostellar sources with the aims of (a) proving the applicability of
a single physical model for all three sources, and (b) deriving physical
parameters for the molecular gas component in each of the sources.
We have observed several molecular species in multiple rotational
transitions. The observed line profiles were modelled in the context of a
dynamical model which incorporates infall and bipolar outflows, using a three
dimensional radiative transfer code. This results in constraints on the
physical parameters and chemical abundances in each source.
Self-consistent fits to each source are obtained. We constrain the
characteristics of the molecular gas in the envelopes as well as in the
molecular outflows. We find that the molecular gas abundances in the infalling
envelope are reduced, presumably due to freeze-out, whilst the abundances in
the molecular outflows are enhanced, presumably due to dynamical activity.
Despite the fact that the line profiles show significant source-to-source
variation, which primarily derives from variations in the outflow viewing
angle, the physical parameters of the gas are found to be similar in each core.Comment: MNRAS 12 pages, 16 figure
Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of AB interface in superfluid 3He
The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is well-known in classical hydrodynamics,
where it explains the sudden emergence of interfacial surface waves as a
function of the velocity of flow parallel to the interface. It can be carried
over to the inviscid two-fluid dynamics of superfluids, to study different
types of interfaces and phase boundaries in quantum fluids. We report
measurements on the stability of the phase boundary separating the two bulk
phases of superfluid 3He in rotating flow, while the boundary is localized with
the gradient of the magnetic field to a position perpendicular to the rotation
axis. The results demonstrate that the classic stability condition, when
modified for the superfluid environment, is obeyed down to 0.4 Tc, if a large
fraction of the magnetic polarization of the B-phase is attributed to a
parabolic reduction of the interfacial surface tension with increasing magnetic
field.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figure
Principles of microfluidic actuation by modulation of surface stresses
Development and optimization of multifunctional devices for fluidic manipulation of films, drops, and bubbles require detailed understanding of interfacial phenomena and microhydrodynamic flows. Systems are distinguished by a large surface to volume ratio and flow at small Reynolds, capillary, and Bond numbers are strongly influenced by boundary effects and therefore amenable to control by a variety of surface treatments and surface forces. We review the principles underlying common techniques for actuation of droplets and films on homogeneous, chemically patterned, and topologically textured surfaces by modulation of normal or shear stresses
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