Laboratory Generation and Physics of Propagation of Solitary Waves and Water Surface Depressions

Solitary waves and water surface depressions are generated using a piston-type wavemaker. Different aspects of their propagation including profile evolution, establishment rate, stability, and celerity are examined experimentally. Traditionally, solitary waves are generated in laboratory set-ups using a methodology developed by Goring (1979) that considers a wave of permanent form during the generation process. A New methodology for generation of solitary waves using piston-type wavemakers is proposed by considering the evolving nature of the wave during generation phase. The capability of the New methodology in generation of solitary waves is assessed by conducting a series of laboratory experiments in water depth, h, of 20 cm and for the dimensionless wave height, H/h, values (H - wave height) ranging from 0.3 to 0.6. Waves generated using the Goring methodology served as a benchmark to evaluate the performance of the New methodology in generating solitary waves. Recorded waveforms are compared with theoretical solutions in terms of various wave characteristics (e.g., wave height, profile shape, wave celerity). These comparisons revealed that the New methodology is capable of generating more accurate and rapidly-established solitary waves with less wave attenuation with distance compared to the Goring methodology. In the second part, water surface depressions are generated using the Goring methodology in water depths of 6, 10 and 30 cm and for the dimensionless trough amplitude, at/h, values (at - trough amplitude) ranging from 0.05 to 0.6. Generated water surface depressions are in good agreement with the aimed theoretical profile in the vicinity of the wave paddle. In all experiments, generated negative solitary wave-like depression wave rapidly deforms into a triangular-like depression wave followed by a series of oscillatory trailing waves. As the depression wave propagates, as a result of nonlinear and dispersive effects its amplitude attenuates, slope of the leading edge of the depression wave becomes gentler while its rear edge slope becomes steeper. The amplitudes of the oscillatory trailing waves increase initially as the depression propagates; then the amplitudes of the oscillatory trailing waves start attenuating with distance due to viscous and dispersive effects. Celerity of the depression wave increases with distance as the depression amplitude attenuates with distance, but it never reaches the celerity of long waves in deep waters. Based on the experimental data of the present study and those reported by Hammack and Segur (1978), three empirical equations are proposed to predict the profile shape of a depression (i.e. trough amplitude, frequency of the leading half, and slope of the rear edge) for a given propagation distance

Métodos de processamento de dados magnéticos : desenvolvimento, implementação computacional e aplicação em dados sintéticos e reais do arco de Ponta Grossa, centro-sul do Brasil

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Saulo Pomponet OliveiraCoorientadores: Prof. Dr. Francisco José Fonseca Ferreira, Prof. Dr. Jeferson de SouzaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Terra, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia. Defesa : Curitiba, 26/03/2019Inclui referênciasÁrea de concentração: Geologia ExploratóriaResumo: As ferramentas computacionais de processamento de dados geofísicos podem ser agrupadas em duas classes. Enquanto que a primeira classe é composta por aplicativos proprietários, munidos de inúmeras ferramentas de processamento em um ambiente com interface gráfica (GUI), a segunda é composta pelos scripts de domínio público, que realizam funções específicas no modo de linha de comando. Com o objetivo de unir os pontos positivos das duas linhas previamente citadas, foi desenvolvido um programa de código aberto, denominado Grav Mag Suite, que agrupa diversas ferramentas de processamento de dados de campos potenciais, sobretudo métodos semiquantitativos. O Grav Mag Suite foi desenvolvido em ambiente MATLAB, que possui ferramentas que dão suporte tanto à criação de interfaces gráficas, quanto ao processamento de dados de campos potenciais. As ferramentas de processamento foram implementadas com base nas teorias dispostas em artigos científicos e na adaptação de scripts disponibilizados pela comunidade científica, além de novos filtros qualitativos propostos neste trabalho. Os métodos implementados foram testados em dados sintéticos e reais do Arco de Ponta Grossa, para fins de validação dos códigos-fonte. Os novos filtros qualitativos propostos combinam dois filtros de realce tradicionais ISA e IGHT através da soma e subtração de ambos e delimitam as fontes causadoras através picos e platores. Os resultados da aplicação dos métodos qualitativos e semiquantitativos aos dados aeromagnéticos forneceram novas informações a respeito da área de estudo. Palavras-chave: Métodos semiquantitativos. Arco de Ponta Grossa. Dados aeromagnéticos.Abstract: Geophysical data computational processing tools may be ranked into two classes. While the first class is composed by proprietary software with numerous processing tools in a graphical user interface (GUI) environment, the second one consists of public domain scripts, which perform specific tasks in command line mode. In order to put together the main advantages of both types, an open source GUI software named Grav Mag Suite which groups several processing tools for potential field data was developed, specially semiquantitative methods. The software development was carried out in MATLAB environment, which provides a set of tools for both developing graphical user interfaces and processing potential field data. Semiquantitative magnetic methods were implemented based on theories provided by scientific researches and adapting scripts provided by the scientific community, in addition to new qualitative filters proposed in this work. The implemented methods were validated on synthetic data as well as on aeromagnetic data from the Ponta Grossa arch. The new proposed qualitative filters combine two traditional enhancement filters TDR and TDX through its sum and subtraction and delimit the causative sources by sharp peaks and plateaus. The results of the application of qualitative and semiquantitative methods over the real dataset provided new information of the study area. Keywords: Semiquantitative methods. Ponta Grossa arch. Aeromagnetic data

RECONCILING THE CIVICS TEST WITH INQUIRY-BASED INSTRUCTION: MAKING THE BEST OF WHAT SEEMS LIKE JUST ONE MORE THING

This dissertation consists of three articles that focus on teaching, learning, and testing in civic education. Each article provides insights into how instructional practices in teaching and learning intersect with a state-mandated civics test. Article One, “Is the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services Test Worthy of Being Included as a High School Graduation Requirement? A Closer Look at Implications for Kentucky,” is mixed methods sequential explanatory study on the implementation of the civics test requirement within two specific Kentucky school districts using student-level assessment data. Findings indicate that opportunities not only to learn civic content, but also learn it in an authentic way, increases the likelihood students will perform better on a civics assessment, such as the Naturalization Test. Article Two, “Can the Civics Test Make You a Good Citizen? Reconciling the Civics Test with Inquiry-Based Instruction,” (Fraker, Muetterties, G. Swan & K. Swan, 2019) is an exploratory article framed by the question “is there a way to teach the factual knowledge needed to pass the civics test using an inquiry approach?” The article sets the stage for further research and lays out, using the Inquiry Design Module (IDM) process (Grant, Lee, & Swan, 2017), an embedded-action inquiry blueprint to combat the struggles teachers face when trying to implement the civics test in a meaningful way. Article Three, “Putting Inquiry to the Test: A Case of Ambitious Social Studies Teaching,” is an exploratory qualitative study that used an embedded, single-case study to target one teacher’s approach on how to implement a state-mandated test using an inquiry approach. This case study analysis considers the data through the lens of the key elements of questions, tasks, sources, and ambitious teaching, which revealed evidence that naturally began to tell a story about one teacher’s use of inquiry to meet the requirements of the fact-based test. This study also revealed that implementing an inquiry-based approach is a highly nuanced endeavor requiring a teacher who can employ the principles of ambitious teaching

FAA Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels & Environment: Annual Technical Report 2021: For the Period October 1, 2020 - September 30, 2021: Volume 2

FAA Award Number 13-C.This report covers the period October 1, 2020, through September 30, 2021. The Center was established by the authority of FAA solicitation 13-C-AJFE-Solicitation. During that time the ASCENT team launched a new website, which can be viewed at ascent.aero. The next meeting will be held April 5-7, 2022, in Alexandria, VA

Unsteady flows in a single-stage transonic axial-flow fan stator row

Detailed measurements of the unsteady velocity field within the stator row of a transonic axial-flow fan were acquired using a laser anemometer. Measurements were obtained on axisymmetric surfaces located at 10 and 50 percent span from the shroud, with the fan operating at maximum efficiency at design speed. The ensemble-average and variance of the measured velocities are used to identify rotor-wake-generated (deterministic) unsteadiness and turbulence, respectively. Correlations of both deterministic and turbulent velocity fluctuations provide information on the characteristics of unsteady interactions within the stator row. These correlations are derived from the Navier-Stokes equation in a manner similar to deriving the Reynolds stress terms, whereby various averaging operators are used to average the aperiodic, deterministic, and turbulent velocity fluctuations which are known to be present in multistage turbomachines. The correlations of deterministic and turbulent velocity fluctuations throughout the axial fan stator row are presented. In particular, amplification and attenuation of both types of unsteadiness are shown to occur within the stator blade passage

Aeronautical Engineering: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 154

This bibliography lists 511 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in October 1982

Unsteady Flows in a Single-Stage Transonic Axial-Flow Fan Stator Row

Measurements of the unsteady velocity field within the stator row of a transonic axial-flow fan were acquired using a laser anemometer. Measurements were obtained on axisymmetric surfaces located at 10 and 50 percent span from the shroud, with the fan operating at maximum efficiency at design speed. The ensemble-average and variance of the measured velocities are used to identify rotor-wake-generated (deterministic) unsteadiness and turbulence, respectively. Correlations of both deterministic and turbulent velocity fluctuations provide information on the characteristics of unsteady interactions within the stator row. These correlations are derived from the Navier-Stokes equation in a manner similar to deriving the Reynolds stress terms, whereby various averaging operators are used to average the aperiodic, deterministic, and turbulent velocity fluctuations which are known to be present in multistage turbomachines. The correlations of deterministic and turbulent velocity fluctuations throughout the axial fan stator row are presented. In particular, amplification and attenuation of both types of unsteadiness are shown to occur within the stator blade passage

Energy: A continuing bibliography with indexes, issue 20

A bibliography is presented which lists 1250 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System from October 1, 1978 through December 31, 1978

A cumulative index to Aeronautical Engineering: A continuing bibliography

This bibliography is a cumulated index to the abstracts contained in NASA SP-7037(132) through NASA SP-7037(143) of Aeronautical Engineering: A continuing bibliography. NASA SP-7037 and its supplements have been compiled through the cooperative efforts of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This cumulative index includes subject, personal author, corporate source, contract, and report number indexes

Aeronautical Engineering: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 104

This bibliography lists 532 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System in December 1978