Screen Time and Early Childhood Well-Being: A Systematic Literature Review Approach

The technological advancements of the 21st century have created a shift in learning experiences for children, exposing them to various digital devices from an early age. One of the keys to a prosperous future for children is knowing the impact of screen time on children's well-being. This systematic literature review aims to provide an overview of the influence of screen time on early childhood well-being from existing empirical evidence. Using the PRISMA principles, this literature review identified 23 relevant studies from scopus indexed articles (Q1-Q4). The research subjects were children and mothers. The analysis grouped themes and displayed the interconnectedness of emerging themes using VosViewer software. The results of the systematic literature review showed that generally screen time has a negative impact on early childhood well-being in the physical and psychosocial dimensions. The impact of screen time on the cognitive dimension is negative and positive. The negative impact of screen time on the cognitive dimension of early childhood well-being includes delays in early childhood language development. Meanwhile, the positive impact of screen time on the cognitive dimension of early childhood well-being is that the media and tools in learning become more interesting. The results of this literature review have implications for the importance of providing insight to various stakeholders about the impact of screen time on early childhood well-being in various conditions

Cyber Risk Perception in the Maritime Domain: A Systematic Literature Review

This paper aims to present an approach to investigate cyber risk perception with use of recognized psychological models, and to give an overview of state-of-the-art research within the field of cyber risk perception in general and in the context of the maritime domain. The focus will be on determinative dimensions within the psychometric paradigm and cognitive biases, and to give recommendations on further research within these fields. Okoli and Schabram’s eight-step guide to plan, select, extract, and execute a systematic literature review is used as guidance. The search process resulted in 25 relevant articles which describes 24 dimensions of cyber risk perception in different online environments. Research within the area of maritime cyber security is increasing, however, no studies relevant for our literature review were found within the maritime domain. The nine dimensions in the psychometric model, perceived benefit and the optimistic bias is presented and discussed in a maritime context. Cyber risk perception is a complex research-area where both determinative factors and other cognitive processes can be influenced by each other. This can indicate that the dimensions differ across populations and professions, creating grounds for why context-specific studies are important. Further research may benefit from more multidisciplinary, descriptive, and inductive approaches, and contextual studies within maritime cyber risk perception can contribute to develop targeted tools for risk mitigation to enhance safety at sea.publishedVersio

Psychological impact of carotid endarterectomy: a review of the studies.

Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) is a surgical treatment validated to prevent cerebral ischemia, embolism and stroke in patients affected by severe stenosis of the carotid artery. A 1999 systematic review of the literature found controversial results about CEA influence on improvement of post-surgical cognitive performance. Moreover, few studies addressed the issue of the positive effects of CEA on quality of life and depression, reporting also controversial findings. The present review was aimed at considering the last 20 years studies focusing on the effects of CEA on the psychological dimensions. The purpose was to clarify the benefits, in terms of psychological well-being, offered by CEA, besides a reduction of the cardiovascular risk, as well as to have indication to lead further research in this area. Results of the 39 studies considered suggest that, although few studies show cognitive deterioration, most of them show stability with a tendency to improve both in cognitive functions and in other psychological areas. Further research is needed to clarify when it would be appropriate the use of CEA, the characteristics of eligible patients, and psychological as well as physical expected outcomes

An exploration of teachers' wellbeing

DAppEdPsy ThesisResearch suggests that teachers are amongst the most vulnerable occupational groups to work related psychological difficulties. Extant literature predominantly focuses on the structural dimensions of teachers’ wellbeing and is commonly associated with stress, burnout and staff retention. The first chapter critically reviews existing research using cognitive-behavioural therapy to support teachers’ wellbeing. Three conclusions were drawn from the systematic review: teacher wellbeing is a problematically defined concept; interventions based on cognitive-behavioural therapy were not effective in supporting teachers’ wellbeing and little emphasis was placed upon the impact of teachers’ environment. The conclusions of the systematic review informed three research questions addressed in the empirical paper using a qualitative methodology, in order to explore teachers’ experience of the phenomena under investigation. Subsequently, the transcripts of five semi-structured interviews with five primary school teachers were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to explore their wellbeing. Two superordinate themes were produced that encapsulate the teachers’ described experience related to their wellbeing. Due to the research design, this research offers novel findings about the nature of teachers’ wellbeing. It also offers a phenomenological model of teachers’ wellbeing and proposes that organisational and systemic change is required to support the social and emotional needs of school communities and their workforce

Motivational Interviewing Via Co-Active Life Coaching as an Intervention for Tobacco Control

The purpose of this Motivational Interviewing (MI) via Co-Active Life Coaching (CALC) research program in tobacco control was to assess the effectiveness of this individualized, interactive intervention. This was achieved through a critical appraisal and literature review of the individual dimensions of MI currently used in cognitive-behavioural smoking cessation interventions, as well as MI applied via CALC intervention studies at both the individual- and population-levels. Article 1 provides the critically appraised and systematic review of literature exploring three dimensions of MI (social support, motivation, and tailored interventions) which were implemented independently in cognitive-behavioural cessation interventions. The effectiveness of these dimensions at promoting cessation was assessed and yielded mixed results. The purpose of Article 2 was to assess the impact of MI-via-CALC on selected cessation outcomes among young adults (19-25 years) and found the immediate intervention group, compared to the waitlist group, had a significant reduction in smoking behaviours (number of cigarettes smoked per day and cigarette dependency) and significant increases in personal competency (self-esteem and self-efficacy). Additionally, at 12-months post-intervention a cessation rate of 31.4% was reported and biochemically verified. Lastly, Article 3 assessed the impact of a full-day application-based MI-via-CALC training on the perceived competency of employees of a national smokers’ telephone hotline to facilitate behaviour change among callers. Post- training participants described skill development, increased competency at facilitating behaviour change, and desire for additional training. This research program was comprised of three unique studies. This was the first critical appraisal and literature review to assess cognitive-behavioural cessation interventions through an MI lens. The core components of MI-via-CALC are similar to components already utilized individually in cessation interventions; however, unique to MI-via-CALC is the incorporation of these components into one intervention. Moreover, this was the largest individual MI-via-CALC intervention tobacco study to date and the only one with a control group. Furthermore, the cessation rates observed in this intervention study are beyond those currently observed in other cognitive-behavioural interventions as well as nicotine replacement therapy studies. Lastly, the MI-via-CALC training offered to employees of a national smoker’s hotline was also a first, as the hotline typically does not allow outside researchers within their organization. Overwhelmingly, the training was well received, and the impact was self-reported behaviour change resulting in ameliorated client interactions to promote cessation. Together, the important findings of these ground-breaking studies underscore the need for continued investigation of MI-via-CALC as an intervention for tobacco control

Conceptualizing and measuring instructional quality in mathematics education: A systematic literature review

Conceptualizing and measuring instructional quality is important to understand what can be understood as “good teaching” and develop approaches to improve instruction. There is a consensus in teaching effectiveness research that instructional quality should be considered multidimensional with at least three basic dimensions rather than a unitary construct: student support, cognitive activation, and classroom management. Many studies have used this or similar frameworks as a foundation for empirical research. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relation between the conceptual indicators underlying the conceptual definitions of the quality dimensions in the literature, and the various operational indicators used to operationalize these factors in empirical studies. We examined (a) which conceptual indicators are used to conceptualize the basic dimensions theoretically, (b) to which extent the operational indicator in the literature cover these conceptual indicators, and (c) if which additional indicators are addressed by the measurement instruments, which are not part of the theoretical conceptualization. We conducted a systematic literature review on the conceptualization and operationalization of Instructional Quality in Primary and Secondary Mathematics Education based on PRISMA procedures. We describe the span of conceptual indicators connected to the three basic dimensions over all articles (a) and analyze to which extent the measurement instruments are in line with these conceptual indicators (b, c). For each measurement dimension, the identified quality dimensions identified are, taken together, largely representative of the conceptual indicators connected to the core factor, but also a number of critical misconceptions occurred. Our review provides a comprehensive overview of the three basic dimensions of instructional quality in mathematics based on theoretical conceptualizations and measurement instruments in the literature. Beyond this, we observed that the descriptions of a substantial amount of quality dimensions and their conceptualizations did not clearly specify if the intended measurement referred to the learning opportunities orchestrated by the teacher, or the utilization of these opportunities by students. It remains a challenge to differentiate measures of instructional quality (as orchestrated by the teacher) from (perceived) teacher competencies/knowledge, and students’ reactions to the instruction. Recommendations are made for measurement practice, as well as directions for future research

eHealth for Patient Engagement: a systematic review

eHealth interventions are recognized to have a tremendous potential to promote patient engagement. To date, the majority of studies examine the efficacy of eHealth in enhancing clinical outcomes without focusing on patient engagement in its specificity. This paper aimed at reviewing findings from the literature about the use of eHealth in engaging patients in their own care process. We undertook a comprehensive literature search within the peer-reviewed international literature. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. eHealth interventions reviewed were mainly devoted to foster only partial dimensions of patient engagement (i.e. alternatively cognitive, emotional or behavioral domains related to healthcare management), thus failing to consider the complexity of such an experience. This also led to a great heterogeneity of technologies, assessed variables and achieved outcomes. This systematic review underlines the need for a more holistic view of patient needs to actually engage them in Ehealth interventions and obtaining positive outcomes. In this sense, patient engagement constitute a new frontiers for healthcare models where eHealth could maximize its potentialities

Impulsivity as a vulnerability factor for poor addiction treatment outcomes: A review of neurocognitive findings among individuals with substance use disorders

The support of the Special Research Fund of Ghent University (Belgium) is gratefully acknowledged.With the current review, we explore the hypothesis that individual differences in neurocognitive aspects of impulsivity (i.e., cognitive and motor disinhibition, delay discounting and impulsive decision-making) among individuals with a substance use disorder are linked to unfavorable addiction treatment outcomes, including high drop-out rates and difficulties in achieving and maintaining abstinence. A systematic review of the literature was carried out using PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Knowledge searches. Twenty-five unique empirical papers were identified and findings were considered in relation to the different impulsivity dimensions. Although conceptual/methodological heterogeneity and lack of replication are key limitations of studies in this area, findings speak for a prominent role of cognitive disinhibition, delay discounting and impulsive decision-making in the ability to successfully achieve and maintain abstinence during and following addiction treatment. In contrast, indices of motor disinhibition appear to be unrelated to abstinence levels. Whereas the relationship between impulsivity and treatment retention needs to be examined more extensively, preliminary evidence suggests that impulsive/risky decision-making is unrelated to premature treatment drop-out among individuals with a substance use disorder. The reviewed findings are discussed in terms of their clinical implications.Special Research Fund of Ghent University (Belgium

Distracted in a Hyperconnected World: a Literature Review of Social Media and Distraction.

openSocial media platforms have become an omnipresent force in contemporary society, fundamentally transforming communication and information access. However, accumulating evidence suggests that excessive social media usage can detrimentally impact attention and contribute to distraction, thereby compromising productivity and affecting various domains such as academics, professional engagements, and social interactions. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between social media and distraction, this dissertation conducted a systematic literature review to identify pertinent articles exploring the effects of social media on distraction. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the interplay between social media and distraction across cognitive, behavioral, and emotional dimensions. Findings pertaining to the cognitive dimension elucidate the impact of social media on the ability to sustain focus, as evidenced by an eye-tracking study. The behavioral dimension reveals that frequent switching between social media and other cognitive tasks incurs a cost of divided attention, resulting in compromised performance and reduced productivity. Moreover, the emotional dimension encompasses phenomena such as Fear Of Missing Out (FOMO) and social comparison, which contribute to the emotional aspects of distraction. In conclusion, the utilization of social media exerts a negative influence on the cognitive, behavioral, and affective components of attention, thereby engendering disruptive consequences for productivity, academic achievements, professional endeavors, and social interactions. By shedding light on these dynamics, this research underscores the significance of cultivating mindful social media habits and developing strategies to mitigate distraction, fostering healthier and more focused engagement with digital platforms.Social media platforms have become an omnipresent force in contemporary society, fundamentally transforming communication and information access. However, accumulating evidence suggests that excessive social media usage can detrimentally impact attention and contribute to distraction, thereby compromising productivity and affecting various domains such as academics, professional engagements, and social interactions. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between social media and distraction, this dissertation conducted a systematic literature review to identify pertinent articles exploring the effects of social media on distraction. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the interplay between social media and distraction across cognitive, behavioral, and emotional dimensions. Findings pertaining to the cognitive dimension elucidate the impact of social media on the ability to sustain focus, as evidenced by an eye-tracking study. The behavioral dimension reveals that frequent switching between social media and other cognitive tasks incurs a cost of divided attention, resulting in compromised performance and reduced productivity. Moreover, the emotional dimension encompasses phenomena such as Fear Of Missing Out (FOMO) and social comparison, which contribute to the emotional aspects of distraction. In conclusion, the utilization of social media exerts a negative influence on the cognitive, behavioral, and affective components of attention, thereby engendering disruptive consequences for productivity, academic achievements, professional endeavors, and social interactions. By shedding light on these dynamics, this research underscores the significance of cultivating mindful social media habits and developing strategies to mitigate distraction, fostering healthier and more focused engagement with digital platforms

Think twice before you click! : exploring the role of human factors in cybersecurity and privacy within healthcare organizations

The urgent need to protect sensitive patient data and preserve the integrity of healthcare services has propelled the exploration of cybersecurity and privacy within healthcare organizations [1]. Recognizing that advanced technology and robust security measures alone are insufficient [2], our research focuses on the often-overlooked human element that significantly influences the efficacy of these safeguards. Our motivation stems from the realization that individual behaviors, decision-making processes, and organizational culture can be both the weakest link and the most potent tool in achieving a secure environment. Understanding these human dimensions is paramount as even the most sophisticated protocols can be undone by a single lapse in judgment. This research explores the impact of human behavior on cybersecurity and privacy within healthcare organizations and presents a new methodological approach for measuring and raising awareness among healthcare employees. Understanding the human influence in cybersecurity and privacy is critical for mitigating risks and strengthening overall security posture. Moreover, the thesis aims to place emphasis on the human aspects focusing more on the often-overlooked factors that can shape the effectiveness of cybersecurity and privacy measures within healthcare organizations. We have highlighted factors such as employee awareness, knowledge, and behavior that play a pivotal role in preventing security incidents and data breaches [1]. By focusing on how social engineering attacks exploit human vulnerabilities, we underline the necessity to address these human influenced aspects. The existing literature highlights the crucial role that human factors and awareness training play in strengthening cyber resilience, especially within the healthcare sector [1]. Developing well-customized training programs, along with fostering a robust organizational culture, is vital for encouraging a secure and protected digital healthcare setting [3]. Building on the recognized significance of human influence in cybersecurity within healthcare organizations, a systematic literature review became indispensable. The existing body of research might not have fully captured all ways in which human factors, such as psychology, behavior, and organizational culture, intertwined with technological aspects. A systematic literature review served as a robust foundation to collate, analyze, and synthesize existing knowledge, and to identify gaps where further research was needed. In complement to our systematic literature review and investigation of human factors, our research introduced a new methodological approach through a concept study based on an exploratory survey [4]. Recognizing the need to uncover intricate human behavior and psychology in the context of cybersecurity, we designed this survey to probe the multifaceted dimensions of cybersecurity awareness. The exploratory nature of the survey allowed us to explore cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects, capturing information that is often overlooked in conventional analyses. By employing this tailored survey, we were able to collect insights that provided a more textured understanding of how individuals within healthcare organizations perceive and engage with cybersecurity measures