Research on the Achievements, Experience and Innovation Path of China’s Green Sharing Economy in the New Era

The Green Sharing Economy represents a novel economic paradigm emergent under the auspices of global technological revolutions and industrial transformation. This paradigm facilitates optimal resource allocation, establishing precise alignments between “demand pools” and “supply pools.” It concurrently enhances ecological environments, creating a harmonious interplay between lush landscapes and prosperous economies, while expanding employment opportunities, and fostering synergistic developments in mass entrepreneurship and innovation. Within the framework of the New Era, China’s Green Sharing Economy has experienced rapid ascension. This growth fundamentally stems from the continuous refinement of top-level designs by the Chinese government, guiding high-quality development in the Green Sharing Economy. Initiatives include the advancement of administrative streamlining and decentralization, creating a conducive business environment; the acceleration of information technology development, eliminating connectivity barriers; and significant investment in digital talent cultivation, providing the necessary human capital foundation. At this historical juncture, it is imperative to expedite the construction of a trust system for the Green Sharing Economy, continuously optimize its platform technology, constantly improve its regulatory framework, and actively expand its global market presence

Sharing Economy Business Models : Addressing the design-implementation gap

Despite sharing being a long-practiced form of consumption, the concept ‘sharing economy’ has emerged only recently. New business models have proliferated, utilising technology to reduce transaction costs and facilitate shared access. Societal actors have taken interest in the sharing economy, to reduce resource consumption, foster social cohesion, and support the economy. However, sharing economy business models facilitate a wide array of consumption practices, including sharing, renting, borrowing, lending, bartering, swapping, trading, exchanging, gifting, buying second-hand, and even buying new goods. Past academic research and media attention tend to focus on unicorns such as Airbnb and Uber. There is greater need to explore the diverse permutations of business models within the sharing economy, especially considering sustainability.However, a gap exists between the design and successful implementation of sharing economy business models. This research aims to advance and structure knowledge about the sharing economy and sustainable business models, by using business modelling methods to study the design and implementation of sharing economy business models. Inspired by design science, this research engages in prescriptive theory-building and design- oriented research to construct and evaluate design artefacts. Incorporating data materials from people, documents, and literature, the research strategies of grounded theory and desk research are utilised to support methods for data collection and data analysis.The research proposes a prescriptive definition of the sharing economy as a socio-economic system that leverages technology to mediate two-sided markets, which facilitate temporary access to goods that are under- utilised, tangible, and rivalrous. From this, four design principles guide the formation of the sharing economy business model framework, which capture three value dimensions, sixteen business model attributes, and eighty- nine configuration options. This research proposes a coherent design theory to support the conceptualisation of sharing economy business models for sustainability.Additional artefacts are developed to support the successful implementation of these business models. First, business model patterns provide the justificatory knowledge to select relevant business model attributes in specific contexts. Then, a systematic framework measures the social impact of sharing platforms across four aspects – trust, empowerment, social justice, and inclusivity. Finally, organisational response strategies to COVID-19 are established in the sharing economy.The primary contribution of this research is conceptual, with additional modest methodological and empirical contributions. Furthermore, the artefacts are intended to be useful for research and practice, including scholars, entrepreneurs, managers, policymakers, investors, users, and concerned citizens

Producing Policy-relevant Science by Enhancing Robustness and Model Integration for the Assessment of Global Environmental Change

We use the flexible model coupling technology known as the bespoke framework generator to link established existing modules representing dynamics in the global economy (GEMINI_E3), the energy system (TIAM-WORLD), the global and regional climate system (MAGICC6, PLASIM-ENTS and ClimGEN), the agricultural system, the hydrological system and ecosystems (LPJmL), together in a single integrated assessment modelling (IAM) framework, building on the pre-existing framework of the Community Integrated Assessment System. Next, we demonstrate the application of the framework to produce policy-relevant scientific information. We use it to show that when using carbon price mechanisms to induce a transition from a high-carbon to a low-carbon economy, prices can be minimised if policy action is taken early, if burden sharing regimes are used, and if agriculture is intensified. Some of the coupled models have been made available for use at a secure and user-friendly web portal

Producing Policy-relevant Science by Enhancing Robustness and Model Integration for the Assessment of Global Environmental Change

We use the flexible model coupling technology known as the bespoke framework generator to link established existing modules representing dynamics in the global economy (GEMINI_E3), the energy system (TIAM-WORLD), the global and regional climate system (MAGICC6, PLASIM-ENTS and ClimGEN), the agricultural system, the hydrological system and ecosystems (LPJmL), together in a single integrated assessment modelling (IAM) framework, building on the pre-existing framework of the Community Integrated Assessment System. Next, we demonstrate the application of the framework to produce policy-relevant scientific information. We use it to show that when using carbon price mechanisms to induce a transition from a high-carbon to a low-carbon economy, prices can be minimised if policy action is taken early, if burden sharing regimes are used, and if agriculture is intensified. Some of the coupled models have been made available for use at a secure and user-friendly web portal. © 2018 The Author

Antecedents of knowledge sharing behavior towards project success

In the current globally competitive knowledge economy, all organizations need to manage a project effectively to ensure success. Studies have shown that many projects failed to achieve initial objectives and unable to respond to their stakeholders’ expectations. Researchers have recognized that knowledge is a key strategic resource for the project performance and effectiveness and that it is essential to encourage and assist project team members to share their know-how. Hence, the main aim of this research is to investigate the individual and organizational factors influencing project team members' knowledge sharing behavior that eventually contributes to the success of a project. This study develops a theoretical framework of underlying project knowledge sharing based on the “Theory of Planned Behavior” for identifying knowledge sharing behavior complemented by System Thinking Theory and Input-Process-Output Model. A questionnaire survey was used for data collection and analysis was made based on 423 responses from project team members of a large project based company. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 14 participants including managers and project management team members in the case company to gain a clearer and deeper understanding of knowledge sharing behaviors. The findings from the research survey and interview support the basic assumption that higher levels of individual factors including Perceived Reciprocity Benefits, Perceived Enjoyment in Helping Others, Perceived Project Commitment, Knowledge Selfefficacy; together with higher levels of organizational factors including Perceived Project Climate, Top Management Support, Rewards and Incentives, Information Technology; lead to higher levels of actual knowledge sharing. The findings also show that knowledge sharing behavior in project environment is a critical factor which can affect success of a project

A knowledge sharing framework to support rapid prototyping in collaborative automotive supply chain

In today’s global economy, competition is increasingly driven by a high rate of product renewal. In this context, with market demands for the development of high quality products at lower costs, highly customisable and with short life cycles, new technologies have been adopted by the automotive manufacturers in the move away from a local economy towards the global economy. The continuous evolution of this technology often requires the updating and integration of existing systems within new environments, in order to avoid technological obsolescence. To allow companies to compete in the global market, they (the companies) can no longer be seen acting as standalone entities and are having to reconsider their organisational and operational structure. This thesis presents a Knowledge Sharing Framework Design Roadmap to support rapid prototyping in the automotive and collaborative supply chain. IranKhodro Diesel (IKD) is the automotive company and CarGlass Company (Iran) is the supplier and sponsor of this research study. These two companies will be used to develop and test the Knowledge Sharing Framework Design Roadmap (KSFDR) methodology. An industrially based case study was conducted in IKD and CarGlass to identify key elements in the Knowledge Sharing Framework and provide the focus for this study. The study itself drew on empirical sources of data, including interviews with IKD personnel via an internal company survey. The absence of mechanisms to make information accessible in a multilingual environment and its dissemination to geographically dispersed NPD project team members was identified along with the lack of explicit information about the knowledge used and generated to support first stage rapid prototyping in the product development process with respect to reduction of costs and lead times. The Knowledge Sharing Framework Design Roadmap was tested between IKD and CarGlass. The business objectives in both IKD and CarGlass are the main drivers of knowledge system development. The main novel point from this research study is that this particular framework can be used to capture and disseminate information and knowledge. This was supported by positive feedback from a series of interviews with NPD practitioners. The Knowledge Sharing Framework Design Roadmap (KSFDR) methodology, however, can also be applied in other manufacturing and business environments. Further testing of the framework is strongly advised to minimise any minor flaws, which remain

Understanding Japan’s Sharing Economy: National System of Innovation and Institutional Work Perspectives

In recent years, the rise of so-called the Sharing Economy and collaborative consumption (CC) has caught our eye. The emergence of ‘the Sharing Economy’ has brought people plenty of conveniences to use under-utilised inventory through fee-based sharing collaboratively. It is widely believed that Japan's sharing economy is relatively small in comparison to other major economies, with platforms like Uber and Airbnb having a limited presence in Japan compared to their popularity in the US, Europe, and China. The Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications also states that the size of Japan’s Sharing Economy is relatively small compared to the USA, China, Germany, India, the UK, and Korea. This research addresses this puzzle by seeking answers to why Japan’s Sharing Economy has evolved relatively slowly, and why it remains small, especially compared with many other developed and even some developing countries. As there is no existing theory to explain the lag of Japan’s Sharing Economy, this research takes a macro perspective, theoretically informed by the national system of innovation (NSI) literature that has won recognition in explaining innovation processes and specific innovation patterns of countries. The Sharing Economy has been regarded as a new form of progress innovation that creates a new way for people to access goods and services. This research adds a meso-layer analysis, by adopting the institutional work framework to understand the dynamic development of Japan’s Sharing Economy. As there is scarce literature about Japan’s Sharing Economy, an exploratory approach was chosen for this thesis. By adopting qualitative methods, this original study identifies and examines the different factors that can explain the relatively slow development of Japan’s Sharing Economy. This study found that Japan’s National System of Innovation overall does not drive the development of Japan’s Sharing Economy. Adopting the institutional work lens, we can see that efforts have been made by actors that intend to promote Japan's Sharing Economy. However, their institutional work is not yet influential enough to fundamentally encourage the development of Japan's Sharing Economy. This research contributes to the Sharing Economy’s theoretical foundation, tests the national innovation system in this new form of innovation, and proposes a two-layer macro/meso perspective to look into the Sharing Economy

China’s Sharing Mobility Economy

Evolution in the urban landscape is key for sustainable development in the world because people have progressively moved from rural areas to live in urban cities. The mobility and transport industry offer the greatest potential to reduce carbon emissions in cities. The arrival of application-based and intelligent-sharing systems into the shores of China has been disruptive to local and international businesses. These has led to a liberation of an automobile sharing economy at a much deeper and greater level: a rise in the use of electric vehicles (EVs), car-pooling, and the utilization of bike-sharing models. Integrating the pre-existing but under-utilized low-carbon transportation vehicles in urban cities, such as public transportation, with the various application-based mobility sharing business systems surfacing, we see immense potential in the transformation of urban transportation to long-term viability. However, the accelerated expansions of businesses and innovation in the sharing economy have been challenging pre-existing sources of knowledge, socio-economic ties, and physical and geographical urban infrastructures. This research investigates the relationship between the continual progress of urban structures and the socio-ecological innovations in the sharing mobility economy, utilizing observational statistics from three studies that focus on sharing transportation industry -- in particular, the sharing of rides, EVs, and bicycles in China. These statistics show that there is a robust evolutionary system that integrates the increasingly sustainable macro-level urban landscape and the innovative business structures to form a meso-level intelligent and green transport framework. Namely, these two levels of evolutionary change in urban landscapes and business structures generated by the disruptive technologies of the sharing mobility sector and brought forth by the urban changes towards increasing sustainability, both subsequently shape one another and reinforce sustainable practices and principles in the swift-changing urban sector and corporate innovation sectors in Shanghai, China

A preliminary study on operation management for one-way EV car sharing system in university campus

Car sharing using electric vehicles(EVs) is effective in local society and community from the viewpoint of economy and the protection of the natural environment. For instance, Univerisiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), which has two large campuses, has a plan to use a small number of small EVs as one of transportation methods. When a large number of people share a small number of vehicles in this way, the confliction of usage requests by users may cause inconvenience to users and ineffective operation of vehicles. In addition, because the degree of legal compliance with usage time and operation rules relies on social and cultural backgrounds, operation methods may be affected by them. Therefore, a framework for supporting operation management in consideration of characteristics of the local society and community is necessary in order to efficiently operate a limited number of vehicles without detracting from the convenience of users. We have been developing an operation management support system for one-way EV car sharing in the university campus to improve user convenience and vehicle operation efficiency. In this presentation, we clarify the issues of operation management for car sharing system. We also introduce an overview of the operation management support system and propose several reservation methods of vehicles