Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 203

This bibliography lists 150 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in January 1980

Prevention and Management of Aggression and Violence in Mental Health Settings

Aggression and violence in healthcare settings can lead to severe psychological, physical, and economic consequences for the victims, institutions, and society in general. Empirical evidence indicated that patient-initiated physical and verbal aggression is a longstanding problem affecting nurses working in psychiatric hospital settings. At the project site, approximately 88% of the staff members reported having been assaulted by mental health patients in the admission units at some point in the provision of care between 2015 and 2017. The purpose of this project was to develop an educational program for nurses at the site to use as preventive strategies in managing aggression rather than relying solely on seclusion, medication, and restraints. The theoretical framework that guided the development of evidence-based practice was program theory and theory of change analysis. The practice-focused question examined the extent to which a revamped educational program would improve the knowledge of the nursing staff at the project site. The education was presented using an electronic format and completed by 91 staff members. The paired t test showed a difference of 102.34 points from pretest to posttest with a p value of .000. Results of the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test (z=-8.288, p=.000) were also significant. Positive social change might occur in psychiatric hospital settings by empowering and increasing the knowledge of the nursing staff to create a safe working environment and improve the care provided to the patients

Burned-out surgeons – a review of risk factors and intervention types

In today’s working society, burnout is a frequently mentioned subject. Burnout rates are especially high in the intensive care environment, particularly in surgeons. In this paper the problem of burnout in surgeons is discussed, with special focus on different interventions that should be considered in preventing burnout. Firstly, there are individual directed interventions, focusing on the individual, but not on the context he or she is in. Secondly, interventions aimed at the individual and organizational interface, referring to the individual in the context of his or her work environment. Thirdly, some organization directed interventions exist, focusing solely on the organization, leaving out the individual. The results of this review demonstrate that individual directed and organization directed interventions have each their respecting shortcomings, and therefore a combination of both strategies seems to be the best alternative to prevent burnout. Furthermore, choosing the best intervention depends on the factors lying behind the development of burnout in surgeons, which can be situational, or personal. To find a definitive answer for the search of the best intervention, more research in this area is necessary

Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses

Compiles peer-reviewed research and literature reviews on issues regarding patient safety and quality of care, ranging from evidence-based practice, patient-centered care, and nurses' working conditions to critical opportunities and tools for improvement

Interactions of International Pilots\u27 Stress, Fatigue, Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, Common Mental Disorders and Wellbeing

Objective This study Investigates more dimensions than previous studies simultaneously: pilots’ duty rosters, stress, sleep difficulties, fatigue levels, wellbeing, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and common mental disorders (CMD), and how they are interrelated. Background Several scientific studies have confirmed that fatigue can pose a significant risk to flight safety. Other studies reported positive depression screening results for more pilots, compared with the general population. Method A cross-sectional online survey was completed by 406 international pilots, who reported their duty rosters of the last two months. Pilots also self-assessed their stress-levels, sleep problems, fatigue, wellbeing, and mental health. Results Although pilots were on average rostered for only 60% of maximum legal duty and flight hours, three out of four pilots (76%) reported severe or high fatigue. Every fourth pilot reported considerable sleep difficulties (24%). 18.7% pilots reported positive depression screening results, 8.5% positive anxiety screenings, 7.2% reported significant symptoms of depression and anxiety. Highly significant to high correlations between stress, sleep problems, fatigue, symptoms of depression, anxiety, CMD and well-being were found. Conclusions Chronic stress appears to be linked to psychophysiological wear and tear, and was associated with higher levels of fatigue, more sleep disturbances and more impaired mental health. Future research should not only consider fatigue as an immediate threat to aviation safety, but also as a significant threat to pilots’ safety-relevant fitness to fly