5,517 research outputs found

    A primer on the General Service List

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    This paper aims to be an introduction to the General Service List (GSL) that brings together descriptive data with material otherwise dispersed throughout the literature. The discussion first provides an historical overview of the work that scholars, researchers, and educators used as foundations for the manufacturing of the GSL. Following, a collection of modern studies is presented in an effort to critically assess the contents and intent of the GSL. In this manner, the paper attempts to provide comprehensive information on the manufacture, content, characteristics, and analyses of the GSL that can serve to inform those interested in the GSL, in particular, and the compilation and assessment of new word-lists, in general

    Danish Academic Vocabulary:Four studies on the words of academic written Danish

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    Creating a Korean Engineering Academic Vocabulary List (KEAVL): Computational Approach

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    With a growing number of international students in South Korea, the need for developing materials to study Korean for academic purposes is becoming increasingly pressing. According to statistics, engineering colleges in Korea attract the largest number of international students (Korean National Institute for International Education, 2018). However, despite the availability of technical vocabulary lists for some engineering sub-fields, a list of vocabulary common for the majority of the engineering sub-fields has not yet been built. Therefore, this study was aimed at creating a list of Korean academic vocabulary of engineering for non-native Korean speakers that may help future or first-year engineering students and engineers working in Korea. In order to compile this list, a corpus of Korean textbooks and research articles of 12 major engineering sub-fields, named as the Corpus of Korean Engineering Academic Texts (CKEAT), was compiled. Then, in order to analyze the corpus and compile the preliminary list, I designed a Python-based tool called KWordList. The KWordList lemmatizes all words in the corpus while excluding general Korean vocabulary included in the Korean Learner’s List (Jo, 2003). Then, for the remaining words, KWordList calculates the range, frequency, and dispersion (in this study deviation of proportions or DP (Gries, 2008)) and excludes words that do not pass the study’s criteria (range ≥ 6, frequency ≥ 100, DP ≤ 0.5). The final version of the list, called Korean Engineering Academic Vocabulary List or KEAVL, includes 830 lemmas (318 of intermediate level and 512 of advanced level). For each word, the collocations that occur more than 30 times in the corpus are provided. The comparison of the coverage of the Korean Academic Vocabulary List (Shin, 2004) and KEAVL based on the Corpus of Korean Engineering Academic Texts showed that KEAVL covers more lemmas in the corpus. Moreover, only 313 lemmas from the Korean Academic Vocabulary List (Shin, 2004) passed the criteria of the study. Therefore, KEAVL may be more efficient for engineering students’ vocabulary training than the Korean Academic Vocabulary List and may be used for the engineering Korean teaching materials and curriculum development. Moreover, the KWordList program written for the study can be used by other researchers, teachers, and even students and is open access (https://github.com/HelgaKr/KWordList)

    Standardisation of magnetic nanoparticles in liquid suspension

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    Suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles offer diverse opportunities for technology innovation, spanning a large number of industry sectors from imaging and actuation based applications in biomedicine and biotechnology, through large-scale environmental remediation uses such as water purification, to engineering-based applications such as position-controlled lubricants and soaps. Continuous advances in their manufacture have produced an ever-growing range of products, each with their own unique properties. At the same time, the characterisation of magnetic nanoparticles is often complex, and expert knowledge is needed to correctly interpret the measurement data. In many cases, the stringent requirements of the end-user technologies dictate that magnetic nanoparticle products should be clearly defined, well characterised, consistent and safe; or to put it another way—standardised. The aims of this document are to outline the concepts and terminology necessary for discussion of magnetic nanoparticles, to examine the current state-of-the-art in characterisation methods necessary for the most prominent applications of magnetic nanoparticle suspensions, to suggest a possible structure for the future development of standardisation within the field, and to identify areas and topics which deserve to be the focus of future work items. We discuss potential roadmaps for the future standardisation of this developing industry, and the likely challenges to be encountered along the way

    Standardisation of magnetic nanoparticles in liquid suspension

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    Suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles offer diverse opportunities for technology innovation, spanning a large number of industry sectors from imaging and actuation based applications in biomedicine and biotechnology, through large-scale environmental remediation uses such as water purification, to engineering-based applications such as position-controlled lubricants and soaps. Continuous advances in their manufacture have produced an ever-growing range of products, each with their own unique properties. At the same time, the characterisation of magnetic nanoparticles is often complex, and expert knowledge is needed to correctly interpret the measurement data. In many cases, the stringent requirements of the end-user technologies dictate that magnetic nanoparticle products should be clearly defined, well characterised, consistent and safe; or to put it another way—standardised. The aims of this document are to outline the concepts and terminology necessary for discussion of magnetic nanoparticles, to examine the current state-of-the-art in characterisation methods necessary for the most prominent applications of magnetic nanoparticle suspensions, to suggest a possible structure for the future development of standardisation within the field, and to identify areas and topics which deserve to be the focus of future work items. We discuss potential roadmaps for the future standardisation of this developing industry, and the likely challenges to be encountered along the way

    Identification-method research for open-source software ecosystems

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    In recent years, open-source software (OSS) development has grown, with many developers around the world working on different OSS projects. A variety of open-source software ecosystems have emerged, for instance, GitHub, StackOverflow, and SourceForge. One of the most typical social-programming and code-hosting sites, GitHub, has amassed numerous open-source-software projects and developers in the same virtual collaboration platform. Since GitHub itself is a large open-source community, it hosts a collection of software projects that are developed together and coevolve. The great challenge here is how to identify the relationship between these projects, i.e., project relevance. Software-ecosystem identification is the basis of other studies in the ecosystem. Therefore, how to extract useful information in GitHub and identify software ecosystems is particularly important, and it is also a research area in symmetry. In this paper, a Topic-based Project Knowledge Metrics Framework (TPKMF) is proposed. By collecting the multisource dataset of an open-source ecosystem, project-relevance analysis of the open-source software is carried out on the basis of software-ecosystem identification. Then, we used our Spectral Clustering algorithm based on Core Project (CP-SC) to identify software-ecosystem projects and further identify software ecosystems. We verified that most software ecosystems usually contain a core software project, and most other projects are associated with it. Furthermore, we analyzed the characteristics of the ecosystem, and we also found that interactive information has greater impact on project relevance. Finally, we summarize the Topic-based Project Knowledge Metrics Framework

    A Corpus-based Comparison between the Academic Word List and the Academic Vocabulary List

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    This study was a corpus-based comparison between two lists of academic words: Coxhead’s (2000) Academic Word List (AWL) and Gardner and Davies’ (2014) Academic Vocabulary List (AVL). Comparisons were made between different types of lexical coverage provided by the AWL and the AVL in the self-created University Academic Corpus (72-million tokens). The findings indicated that the performance of the AWL and the AVL was different when different evaluation criteria were adopted. Implications, limitations, and suggestions are listed for future research

    El discurso académico en la universidad: enfoques de corpus a la escritura de estudiantes

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    Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filología, leída el 26-06-2020Academic writing in English has often been described as a primarily reader-oriented discourse, in which the structure, objectives, and claims are made explicit and carefully framed. Second or foreign language (L2) learners often transfer part of their first language (L1) writing cultureH into their L2 texts. This is problematic becauseacademic texts call for a high degree of disciplinarity: learners not only have to be aware of the conventions of the L2 regarding language use in a particular genre, but also of the academic conventions of their own discipline. The present doctoral dissertation demonstrates how corpus approaches to L2 texts can help to identify learner writing features when compared to native or expert counterparts. The four studies presented in this thesis highlight some of the linguistic challenges students face when writing in English for different academic purposes and disciplines at university, and provide pedagogical suggestions for the teaching and learning of certain linguistic features that can be useful for L2 academic writers and instructors. Study one examined the effects of content-based language instruction (CBI) on the production of academic vocabulary in a classroom writing task. The texts were written by first-year university students enrolled in two different instruction settings, English as medium of instruction (EMI) and the same programme in their L1, over one semester. Both the materials used in class and the learner corpus were examined in order to identify the degree to which they incorporate items from three lists of interdisciplinary academic terminology, namely the Academic Vocabulary (AVL), Collocations (ACL) and Formulas List (AFL). The results indicated that the learner corpus, both L1 and EMI learners, produced more general academic and technical words after the course; EMI learners also increased their use of collocations and formulas. The benefits of CBI for acquiring academic terminology and for developing disciplinary literacy are discussed in the light of the instruction settings under study…La escritura académica en ingles se ha descrito como un discurso orientado principalmente al lector, en el que la estructura, los objetivos y las afirmaciones se hacen explicitas y se enmarcan cuidadosamente. Los estudiantes de inglés como segunda lengua o como lengua extranjera (L2) a menudo transfieren parte de las convenciones de su lengua madre (L1) a sus textos en L2. Esto es problemático porque los textos académicos requieren un alto grado de disciplinaridad: los estudiantes no solo deben conocer las convenciones de la L2 con respecto al uso del lenguaje (por ejemplo,la gramática) en un género en particular, sino también las convenciones de su propia disciplina. La presente tesis doctoral demuestra como diferentes enfoques de corpus aplicados a la escritura de estudiantes en L2 pueden ayudar a identificar las características de este tipo de escritura, cuando se compara con la redacción académica de nativos o expertos. Los cuatro estudios que construyen esta tesis resaltan algunos de los desafíos lingüísticos a los que se enfrentan los estudiantes al escribir en inglés para diferentes propósitos académicos y disciplinas en la universidad y proporciona sugerencias pedagógicas para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de ciertas construcciones lingüísticas que pueden ser útiles para escritores e instructores del inglés académico como L2. El estudio uno examino los efectos de la instrucción de lengua basada en contenido (CBI por sus siglas en ingles) en la producción de vocabulario académico en una tarea escrita de clase. Los textos fueron redactados por estudiantes universitarios de primer año inscritos en dos modalidades diferentes, inglés como medio de instrucción (EMI por sus siglas en ingles) y el mismo programa en la L1, durante un semestre. Tanto los materiales utilizados en la clase como el corpus de estudiantes se examinaron para identificar el grado en el que incorporan elementos de tres listas de terminología académica interdisciplinaria, específicamente las listas de vocabulario (AVL), de colocaciones (ACL) y de fórmulas (AFL) académicas. Los resultados indicaron que los estudiantes, tanto de L1 como de EMI, produjeron un mayor número de palabras académicas y técnicas después del curso; Los estudiantes de EMI también aumentaron el uso de colocaciones y formulas. Los beneficios de CBI para adquirir terminología académica y desarrollar la alfabetización disciplinaria se discuten a la luz de las dos modalidades estudiadas...Fac. de FilologíaTRUEunpu

    Approaching Questions of Text Reuse in Ancient Greek Using Computational Syntactic Stylometry

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    We are investigating methods by which data from dependency syntax treebanks of ancient Greek can be applied to questions of authorship in ancient Greek historiography. From the Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank were constructed syntax words (sWords) by tracing the shortest path from each leaf node to the root for each sentence tree. This paper presents the results of a preliminary test of the usefulness of the sWord as a stylometric discriminator. The sWord data was subjected to clustering analysis. The resultant groupings were in accord with traditional classifications. The use of sWords also allows a more fine-grained heuristic exploration of difficult questions of text reuse. A comparison of relative frequencies of sWords in the directly transmitted Polybius book 1 and the excerpted books 9–10 indicate that the measurements of the two texts are generally very close, but when frequencies do vary, the differences are surprisingly large. These differences reveal that a certain syntactic simplification is a salient characteristic of Polybius’ excerptor, who leaves conspicuous syntactic indicators of his modifications
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