Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world : proceedings of the fifth international conference on monitoring and management of visitor flows in recreational and protected areas : Wageningen, the Netherlands, May 30-June 3, 2010

Proceedings of the fifth international conference on monitoring and management of visitor flows in recreational and protected areas : Wageningen, the Netherlands, May 30-June 3, 201

Volunteers and mega sporting events : developing a research framework

Interest in all aspects of the politics, financing, planning, management and operation of mega sporting events has been highlighted both by success stories and ongoing problems associated with Olympic Games, Football World Cups and other similar events. There is a growing literature that addresses these and related matters through both case history and comparative analyses. Within the context of mega sporting events, the issue of employment creation is an important motivator for host cities and features high on the political justification agenda for bids to host events. At the same time, the most significant working contribution to major mega events in sports, as in other areas, is provided by the very large numbers of volunteers who undertake tasks across the range of opportunities afforded by such events. Numbers of volunteers between 40,000 and 60,000 have been noted for some recent major events. Relatively little is known about these volunteers at mega sporting events and yet their contribution and wider impact is very significant, both to the events themselves and within the host community. This paper seeks to identify the evident gaps that exist in understanding areas such as what volunteers do at mega sporting events; who they are; what motivates them; how volunteering impacts upon their lives; what associated activities they do surrounding the event in the host city; and the extent to which volunteering is recidivistic. The paper concludes with the presentation of a tentative research framework agenda in order to guide future study of this important area

Savannah Hockey Classic: An Evaluation of Event Personality and Economic Impact

In 2009, the Savannah Sports Council hosted its 11th annual Savannah Hockey Classic. In order to assist the future marketing of this event, a study was undertaken to assist the Savannah Sports Council in 3 major ways: (1) To obtain a consumer profile of spectators, (2) to explore the economic impact of the event on the city of Savannah, and (3) to discover the perceived personality of the event (assist in sponsor recruitment). To reach the objectives of the study, a survey was conducted with 267 spectators of the Savannah Hockey Classic. The survey consisted of four sections: (1) Economic impact (2) Consumer behavior & preferences, (3) Attitude and image perceptions of the event and organizing body, and (4) Consumer demographic characteristics. The majority of respondents were male (62%) and Caucasian (95%). While their average age was 36, 78% of respondents were between the ages of 25 to 59. Spectators tended to be educated (61% with a college degree of some sort) and affluent (63% earn \u3e $50,000). Just over half (56%) of the spectators traveled to Savannah to attend the event. Eighty-one of the eighty-three out-of-town respondents reported spending at least 1 night in Savannah. However, 50% of out-of-town respondents said they would have come to Savannah even if the Hockey Classic was not taking place. Eighty-two percent said they would be visiting Savannah at some point in the following 3 months. This suggests that while the Hockey Classic is a popular event, most of the visitors would travel to Savannah even if the event did not take place. Spectators appear to have developed very positive feelings about the Savannah Hockey Classic. On a 7-point scale, respondents reported the following scores on a variety of items: Gratitude toward the Savannah Sports Council for organizing the event was very high 6.5, attitude regarding the success and quality of the hockey event itself was 6.4, and fan identification with the event was reported at 6.1. With regard to the image/brand of the event, respondents perceive the Hockey Classic to be: An exciting event (6.4 out of 7), a sincere/wholesome event (6.3 out of 7), and a competent and successful event (6.3 out of 7)

Combining Actual and Contingent Behavior to Estimate the Value of Sports Fishing in the Lagoon of Venice

This paper reports the results of a Travel Cost Method (TCM) study about the recreational use of the Lagoon of Venice for sports fishing. In April-July 2002, we conducted a mail survey of anglers with valid licenses fishing on the Lagoon of Venice to gather data on their fishing trips, behaviors and expenditures over the previous year. We also asked questions about trips that would be undertaken under hypothetical changes in the price of a trip and/or in the catch rate. Actual and hypothetical trips are combined to estimate single-site TCM demand function for trips. We propose several models to test whether it is acceptable to pool hypothetical and actual trip data, focusing on the respondent heterogeneity in the contingent behavior questions. Our models suggest actual and contingent behavior are driven by the same demand function, and can be pooled for estimation purposes. We use this estimated demand function, and its shift when the catch rate is improved, to compute angler surplus at the current catch rate and the change in surplus accruing from a 50% improvement in the catch rate. For the average angler in our sample, the former is about €1,700 a year, while the latter is about €2,800.Sports fishing value, Travel cost method, Environmental improvement

Outdoor recreation and agritourism experiences: a contribution to tourism sustainability and development

Objetivos: O propósito deste estudo passa por perceber de que maneira os conceitos de “Recreação Outdoor” e “Agroturismo”, bem como as “Experiências” e os “Produtos” que lhes são inerentes, podem ser relacionados e posteriormente qual o estado da oferta deste tipo de produtos, na Região do Algarve. Tal finalidade originou as seguintes questões: 1) Qual a relação entre o agroturismo e a recreação outdoor; 2) Qual o potencial da oferta de um product mix de experiências de associadas ao agroturismo e à recreação outdoor, no barlavento algarvio. A fim de alcançar estes objetivos e responder às questões de pesquisa, o estudo é conduzido, subdividindo-se em duas etapas. Inicialmente é realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura com vista a identificar uma diversidade de contribuições de outros autores, sobre o agroturismo e sobre a recreação outdoor, e a estabelecer possíveis relações ambas as experiências isoladas, e como product mix tanto para os consumidores, como para os gestores ou para a sociedade. Uma vez identificados os procedimentos mais utilizados na extração e análise de uma grande quantidade de dados, as temáticas que estavam presentes na investigação de cada um dos tópicos principais (“agroturismo” e “recreação outdoor”), e a relação que ambos os tópicos tinham com os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável, deu-se início a uma nova etapa. O segundo estágio deste estudo consiste assim na exploração da oferta deste tipo de experiências no barlavento algarvio. Tal estudo, deve-se às necessidades da região e as estratégias definidas pelas entidades locais, para minimizar diversos problemas. Desta forma, pretende-se explorar a oferta existente as perspetivas de desenvolvimento deste tipo de experiências no território em estudo. Metodologia: Um primeiro estudo de revisão sistemática da literatura baseado em investigações anteriores, tais como as de Martins et al. (2021); Concari et al. (2020) e Pickering et al. (2014) é conduzido, com o objetivo de identificar publicações científicas que exploram os conceitos de agroturismo e recreação outdoor e prover semelhanças em relação aos impactos que este tipo de experiências pode trazer quer para praticantes, gestores ou até para a sociedade em geral. Para isso, são analisadas revistas científicas segundo um conjunto de critérios de inclusão e exclusão (descritos mais à frente nesta investigação). Sendo alguns dos critérios de inclusão a) artigos revistos por pares; b) publicados entre 2016 e 2022; c) que se referem aos termos “outdoor recreation” e/ou “agritourism” e “consumer” ou os seus derivados (ver termos de pesquisa definidos) no título, resumo ou palavras-chave; e alguns dos critérios de exclusão: a) artigos que não estão redigidos na língua portuguesa, espanhola ou inglesa, a pesquisa é efetuada em quatro bases de dados distintas. Após definidas as perguntas de pesquisa, é formulado o protocolo de revisão, com base no relatório do protocolo dos Items preferidos para revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises (PRISMA) para seleção de publicações académicas (Moher et al., 2009. Dando-se assim inicio à condução da pesquisa de literatura, onde os artigos passam por processo de análise extenso de inclusão, rejeição e seleção. Seguidamente e após a recolha de informações-chave de cada um dos artigos incluídos, é realizado, no último estágio, a análise de conteúdo, assim como a apresentação dos resultados, discussão e conclusão. A partir dos resultados obtidos na revisão sistemática da literatura, e da relação que ambas as experiências mostraram ter com o desenvolvimento sustentável, procedeu-se à 2º fase da investigação. Onde, foi analisada a oferta de experiências associadas à recreação Outdoor e ao Agroturismo. Primeiramente, através do levantamento de todas as empresas de animação turística (EAT) que possuíam uma oferta de atividades de turismo ou ar livre e/ou atividades de turismo cultural, e dos empreendimentos de turismo Rural (TER) pertencentes ao barlavento algarvio, registadas na plataforma SIGTUR (Sistema de informação geográfica do Turismo de Portugal). Numa segunda fase, para conhecer melhor o estado da oferta, e após seleção de uma amostra pertinente, foi realizada uma análise qualitativa de conteúdo aos websites dos TER. Os resultados obtidos são então expostos, discutidos e novas implicações académicas e práticas são apresentadas. Resultados: No primeiro estudo, referente à revisão sistemática da literatura, os 179 artigos incluídos na síntese foram analisados e permitiram não só, recolher dados sobre as datas, locais, métodos, características, disciplinas e tipos de amostras utilizadas pelos autores dos artigos selecionados, mas também categorizar os mesmos por tipo de impactos que a prática/oferta de atividades associadas à recreação outdoor ou ao agroturismo traria para o turismo, os participantes e o ambiente. Embora os resultados obtidos, tenham revelado um número significativo de implicações práticas, foram identificadas algumas lacunas na investigação e propostas recomendações para futuros estudos. O segundo estudo, referente à análise da oferta de experiências associadas à recreação outdoor e ao agroturismo no território do barlavento algarvio, permitiu quantificar as empresas existentes na região, bem como a sua localização e posteriormente perceber de que forma utilizavam as ferramentas de marketing para comercializar os seus produtos e serviços. Possibilitando a referência a aspetos que poderiam ser melhorados e outros maximizados. Implicações da Investigação: A revisão sistemática, permitiu chegar a resultados que evidenciam os impactos que ambas as experiências turísticas podem ter nos consumidores e como este mix de produtos pode contribuir para os objetivos de sustentabilidade. O estudo destaca também implicações práticas para gestores e proprietários de ambos os produtos turísticos (por exemplo, promoção do mix de experiência e avaliação de se os participantes perceberam experiências memoráveis e autênticas). Já no segundo estudo, através da recolha de dados secundários junto da plataforma SIGTUR e da análise de conteúdo dos websites das empresas de turismo em espaço rural e de animação turística incluídas foram propostas diversas contribuições e recomendações para futuras pesquisas, nomeadamente sobre a importância das parcerias entre stakeholders e municípios em territórios com menos recursos. Originalidade: Embora diversos estudos se centrem na pesquisa de experiências da recreação outdoor ou das experiências vividas em agroturismos, pouca pesquisa tem sido feita no sentido de encontrar benefícios, na junção dos dois tipos de experiências como um product mix. Tanto o estudo 1 como o estudo 2 contribuíram assim para a investigação, embora a revisão sistemática tenha atingindo um scope maior de informação recolhida, o artigo 2, através de um estudo de caso, trouxe importantes contribuições para planeadores e stakeholders da região em estudo.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand how the concepts of "Outdoor Recreation" and "Agrotourism", as well as the "Experiences" and the "Products" inherent to them, can be related and later what the state of the offer of this type of products, in the Algarve Region. This purpose raised the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between agrotourism and outdoor recreation; 2) What is the potential of offering a product mix of experiences associated with agrotourism and outdoor recreation in the western Algarve. To achieve these objectives and answer research questions, the study is conducted, subdividing into two stages. Initially, a systematic review of the literature is carried out with a view to identifying a diversity of contributions from other authors, on agrotourism and outdoor recreation, and to establish possible relationships between both isolated experiences, and as a product mix for both consumers, managers, and society. Once the most used procedures were identified in the extraction and analysis of a large amount of data, the themes that were present in the investigation of each of the main topics ("agritourism" and "outdoor recreation"), and the relationship that both topics had with the objectives of development, a new stage began. The second stage of this study thus consists in exploring the offer of this type of experiments in the western Algarve. This study is due to the needs of the region and the strategies defined by local authorities to minimize various problems. Thus, it is intended to explore the existing offer the prospects for developing this type of experiences in the territory under study. Methodology: A first systematic review study of the literature based on previous investigations, such as those by Martins et al. (2021); Concari et al. (2020) and Pickering et al. (2014) are conducted, with the objective of identifying scientific publications that explore the concepts of agritourism and outdoor recreation and provide similarities in relation to the impacts that this type of experiences can bring either to practitioners, managers or even to society in general. For this, scientific journals are analyzed according to a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria (described later in this investigation). Some of the inclusion criteria a) peer-reviewed articles; b) published between 2016 and 2022; c) referring to the terms "outdoor recreation" and/or "agritourism" and "consumer" or their derivatives (see defined search terms) in the title, abstract or keywords; and some of the exclusion criteria: a) articles that are not written in Portuguese, Spanish or English, the research is carried out in four different databases. After the research questions are defined, the review protocol is formulated, based on the report of the preferred Items protocol for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) for the selection of academic publications (Moher et al., 2009. Thus, the conduction of literature research is beginning, where the articles undergo an extensive analysis process of inclusion, rejection and selection. Then and after the collection of key information of each of the included articles, content analysis is carried out in the last stage, as well as the presentation of the results, discussion, and conclusion. Based on the results obtained in the systematic review of the literature, and the unexpected relationship that both experiences showed to have with sustainable development, the second phase of the investigation was carried out. Where, the offer of experiences associated with outdoor recreation and agrotourism was analyzed. First, through the survey of all tourism animation companies (EAT) that had an offer of tourism or outdoor activities and/or cultural tourism activities, and rural tourism enterprises (TER) belonging to the Algarve windward, registered on the SIGTUR platform (Geographic Information System of Tourism of Portugal). In a second phase, to better understand the state of the offer, and after selecting a relevant sample, a qualitative analysis of content was performed to the websites of the TER. The results obtained are then exposed, discussed and new academic and practical implications are presented. Findings: In the first study, referring to the systematic review of the literature, the 179 articles included in the synthesis were analyzed and allowed not only to collect data on the dates, locations, methods, characteristics, disciplines and types of samples used by the authors of the selected articles, but also categorize them by type of impacts that the practice/offer of activities associated with outdoor recreation or agrotourism would bring to tourism, participants and the environment. Although the results obtained revealed a significant number of practical implications, some gaps in research and recommendations for future studies were identified. The second study, referring to the analysis of the offer of experiences associated with outdoor recreation and agrotourism in the territory of the Western Algarve, allowed quantifying the existing companies in the region, as well as their location and later understanding how they used marketing tools to commercialize their products and services. Enabling reference to aspects that could be improved and others maximized. Implications of Research: The systematic review has shown results that highlight the impacts that both tourism experiences can have on consumers and how this product mix can contribute to sustainability objectives. The study also highlights practical implications for managers and owners of both tourism products (e.g., promoting the mix of experience and evaluating whether participants perceived memorable and authentic experiences). In the second study, through the collection of secondary data from the SIGTUR platform and the content analysis of the websites of rural tourism and tourism companies included several contributions and recommendations for future research were proposed, namely on the importance of partnerships between stakeholders and municipalities in territories with fewer resources. Originality: Although several studies focus on the research of outdoor recreation experiences or experiences lived in agrotourism, little research has been done to find benefits, in the combination of the two types of experiences as a product mix. Both study 1 and study 2 thus contributed to the investigation, although the systematic review reached a larger scope of information collected, Article 2, through a case study, brought important contributions to planners and stakeholders in the region under study

Place, recreation and local development

Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas (MMV9), Bordeaux, FRA, 29-/08/2018 - 31/08/2018It is our pleasure to welcome you to the 9th international Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas (MMV9) with a program including keynote speeches, organized and poster sessions, a half-day field trip, social events and post conference trips. This is the first time that France has hosted an MMV Conference. Our country is ranked as the world's top tourist destination, thanks largely to its culture, art, and gastronomy, as well as popular cities such as Paris and Bordeaux. On the other hand, France's potential as a destination for outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism is not hugely publicized, despite its many unique features in this respect: varied climate and natural assets (shoreline, mountains, lakes, and forests), large expanses of countryside, and a network of protected natural areas, to name but a few. France's protected areas are often free to access for the general public. However, in contrast with other countries, nature conservation in specific areas is much less widespread. Where it does take place, it is often centered on territories that are perceived to be "attractive", and where many conflicting activities are practiced. This may be one of the reasons why contractual tools and regional park systems are quite popular in France. The MMV Conference offers an excellent opportunity to discuss the situation in France in greater depth. The theme proposed for the conference was "recreation, place and local development". This reflects our assumption that recreational areas are not just physical assets designed to receive visitors for the purpose of leisure - which in itself would already be something of great importance - but that they reflect deeper social phenomena, as demonstrated through the range of organized sessions dedicated to discussing questions such as environmental education and economic development, but also emerging themes such as social integration, community resilience, environmental justice, and health. The traditional topics covered by MMV Conference reflect an evolving society: with innovations in monitoring techniques (both on people and nature), focus on new populations (Y generation, ethnic minority) and a larger concern for individual engagement and participative management. The 9th Edition of MMV is co-hosted by Irstea and BSA. This would not have been possible without significant contributions from a large number of additional partners and sponsors as well as our national scientific and organizing committee. We would like to take this opportunity to thank everyone for their help. After two years of planning, we are proud to announce that we have more than 160 presentations from 30 countries, meaning that the conference will host over 200 participants from across the globe. We are honored that the International Steering Committee has given us the opportunity to be part of this great MMV community, which organized its first meeting in 2002. We hope you will enjoy the conference as much as we enjoyed organizing it. If you can't be with us in person, we hope that you will enjoy reading our publications

Tourism in contemporary cities. Proceedings of the International Tourism Studies Association Conference: University of Greenwich, London, UK 17–19 August 2016 Conference Proceedings

The 6th International Tourism Studies Association (ITSA) Biennial conference was held at the University of Greenwich, London, England from 17‐19 August 2016. This was the first time that the conference had been held in Europe and it provided a unique opportunity to meet, hear from and network with tourism scholars and professionals from across Europe, Asia, Australasia, and North and South America. ITSA has a mission to encourage interaction and cooperation between developing and developed countries and the conference was successful in attracting 130 delegates from 29 countries. The main theme of the conference was 'Tourism in Contemporary Cities' with four conference sub‐themes of ‘Tourism Cities and Urban Tourism’, ‘The Chinese Market for European Tourism’, ‘River, Cruise and Maritime Tourism’, and ‘Heritage Tourism in Cities’, The subthemes were chosen to reflect the unique location of the conference on the UNESCO Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site, and London which is Europe’s most visited tourist destination. The conference also presented ‘Dark Tourism and Cities’ and ‘Tourism and Communist Heritage’ as special sessions