Measured pedestrian movement and bodyworn terminal effects for the indoor channel at 5.2 GHz

[Summary]: Human body effects such as antenna-body interaction and scattering caused by pedestrian movement are important indoor radio propagation phenomena at microwave frequencies. This paper reports measurements and statistical analysis of the indoor narrowband propagation channel at 5.2 GHz for two scenarios: a fixed line-of-sight (LOS) link perturbed by pedestrian movement and a mobile link incorporating a moving bodyworn terminal. Two indoor environments were considered for both types of measurements: an 18 m long corridor and a 42 m2 office. The fixed-link results show that the statistical distribution of the received envelope was dependent on the number of pedestrians present. However, fading was slower than expected, with an average fade duration of more than 100 ms for a Doppler frequency of 8.67 Hz. For the bodyworn terminal, mean received power values were dependent on whether or not the user's body obstructed the LOS. For example, in the corridor the average non-line-of-sight (NLOS) pathloss was 5.4 dB greater than with LO

Performance analysis of ultra wide band indoor channel

This thesis report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Engineering, 2008.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis report.Includes bibliographical references (page 41).Research on wireless communication system has been pursued for many years, but there is a renewed interest in ultra-wideband (UWB) technology for communication within short range, because of its huge bandwidth and low radiated power level. This emerging technology provides extremely high data rate in short ranges but in more secured approach. In order to build systems that realize all the potential of UWB, it is first required to understand UWB propagation and the channel properties arise from the propagation. In this research, the properties of UWB channel for indoor industrial environment was evaluated. A few indoor channel models have been studied so far for different environments but not for indoor industrial environment and various data rates are obtained according to wireless channel environments. Therefore, an accurate channel model is required to determine the maximum achievable data rate. In this thesis, we have proposed a channel model for indoor industrial environment considering the scattering coefficient along with the other multipath gain coefficient. This thesis addresses scattering effect while modeling UWB channel. Here, the performance of UWB channel model is analyzed following the parameters, such as power delay profile and the temporal dispersion properties which are also investigated in this paper.Kazi Afrina YasmeenA. K. M. WahiduzzamanMD. Ahamed ImtiazB. Computer Science and Engineerin

Fade Depth Prediction Using Human Presence for Real Life WSN Deployment

Current problem in real life WSN deployment is determining fade depth in indoor propagation scenario for link power budget analysis using (fade margin parameter). Due to the fact that human presence impacts the performance of wireless networks, this paper proposes a statistical approach for shadow fading prediction using various real life parameters. Considered parameters within this paper include statistically mapped human presence and the number of people through time compared to the received signal strength. This paper proposes an empirical model fade depth prediction model derived from a comprehensive set of measured data in indoor propagation scenario. It is shown that the measured fade depth has high correlations with the number of people in non-line-of-sight condition, giving a solid foundation for the fade depth prediction model. In line-of-sight conditions this correlations is significantly lower. By using the proposed model in real life deployment scenarios of WSNs, the data loss and power consumption can be reduced by the means of intelligently planning and designing Wireless Sensor Network

UWB Characteristics of RF Propagation for Body Mounted and Implanted Sensors

Body Area Network (BAN) technology is related to many applications inside, on and around the human body. The basic configuration of a BAN is a set of sensors, which are wearable or are placed inside the human body, transmitting signals to a terminal situated in a doctor’s office, in order to assess or monitor some aspect of a patient’s physical condition. Additionally, in many BAN applications the information about the sensor location is very important, since without knowing a sensor’s location, the transmitted data may be of limited value. As an example, Wireless Video Capsule Endoscopy (VCE) can benefit greatly from the addition of location information. The capsule transmits an RF signal from inside the human body to another sensor on the body surface or external. From the image data provided by the capsule, taken together with the location information, the doctor can locate the infection or lesion and initiate appropriate medical care. In this way, the treatment can be more effective and accurate. In this thesis we investigate the characteristics of Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) RF propagation for BAN devices placed around and inside the human body. We have made measurements around the human body and around a water-filled phantom using an E8363B Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), specifically measuring the S21 signal, which gives the transfer function. Based on these measurement results, we discuss the channel propagation for cases where the transmitter and the receiver are on the surface of the body and analyze the UWB propagation characteristics for RF localization. Because it is impractical or even impossible to make measurements inside the human body, we chose to apply the measurements using a simulation model of homogenous tissue, which serves as an approximation of the signal propagation environment inside the body. First, by comparing the multipath situation in free space and within a model of homogenous tissue, we are able to analyze the multipath effects inside human body. Then, because of the different characteristics of RF propagation in different bandwidths, we have made measurements at UWB (3GHz to 10GHz), and narrowband (402MHz) frequencies

Mathematical modeling of ultra wideband in vivo radio channel

This paper proposes a novel mathematical model for an in vivo radio channel at ultra-wideband frequencies (3.1–10.6 GHz), which can be used as a reference model for in vivo channel response without performing intensive experiments or simulations. The statistics of error prediction between experimental and proposed model is RMSE = 5.29, which show the high accuracy of the proposed model. Also, the proposed model was applied to the blind data, and the statistics of error prediction is RMSE = 7.76, which also shows a reasonable accuracy of the model. This model will save the time and cost on simulations and experiments, and will help in designing an accurate link budget calculation for a future enhanced system for ultra-wideband body-centric wireless systems

On-Body Channel Measurement Using Wireless Sensors

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An improved channel model for medical body area network device testing

For testing and validation of medical body area network devices the knowledge of the wireless channel is very crucial. Although this could be implemented by utilizing existing BAN channel models, their restriction to specific device usage scenarios and environments make them less appropriate. For this purpose, this thesis presents a methodology for an MBAN device testing by developing an improved channel model, which accounts for a room size and use case variability. The improved channel model is based on channel sounding, over the frequency band from 2.3 GHz to 2.5 GHz, performed for five different use cases defined based on body posture, movement, and orientation. In order to study the room size effect, the measurements have been carried out in three different office rooms and an anechoic chamber. The proposed channel model is composed of three components, which are modeled separately: the mean path loss, body shadowing, and multipath fading. The mean path loss is modeled as a distance log function, while the body shadowing is modeled statistically by a lognormal distribution, and the multipath fading by a Rician distribution. The impact of room size is mainly notified in the Rician K-factor value; whereas the effect of movement is notified in the lognormal parameter. Furthermore, the effect of body orientation and posture is represented in the path loss model parameters

UWB Indoor Radio Propagation Modelling in Presence of Human Body Shadowing Using Ray Tracing Technique

This paper presents a ray-tracing method for modelingUltra Wide Bandwidth indoor propagation channels. Avalidation of the ray tracing model with our indoor measurementis also presented. Based on the validated model, the multipathchannel parameter like the fading statistics and root mean squarerms delay spread for Ultra Wide bandwidth frequencies aresimply extracted. The proposed ray-tracing method is basedon image method. This is used to predict the propagation ofUWB electromagnetic waves. First, we have obtained that thefading statistics can be well fitted by log normal distributionin static case. Second, as in realistic environment we cannotneglect the significant impact of Human Body Shadowing andother objects in motion on indoor UWB propagation channel.Hence, our proposed model allows a simulation of propagationin a dynamic indoor environment. Results of the simulation showthat this tool gives results in agreement with those reported inthe literature. Specially, the effects of people motion on temporalchannel properties. Other features of this approach also areoutlined