Control Strategies for Multi-Controller Multi-Objective Systems

This dissertation\u27s focus is control systems controlled by multiple controllers, each having its own objective function. The control of such systems is important in many practical applications such as economic systems, the smart grid, military systems, robotic systems, and others. To reap the benefits of feedback, we consider and discuss the advantages of implementing both the Nash and the Leader-Follower Stackelberg controls in a closed-loop form. However, closed-loop controls require continuous measurements of the system\u27s state vector, which may be expensive or even impossible in many cases. As an alternative, we consider a sampled closed-loop implementation. Such an implementation requires only the state vector measurements at pre-specified instants of time and hence is much more practical and cost-effective compared to the continuous closed-loop implementation. The necessary conditions for existence of such controls are derived for the general linear-quadratic system, and the solutions developed for the Nash and Stackelberg controls in detail for the scalar case. To illustrate the results, an example of a control system with two controllers and state measurements available at integer multiples of 10% of the total control interval is presented. While both Nash and Stackelberg are important approaches to develop the controls, we then considered the advantages of the Leader-Follower Stackelberg strategy. This strategy is appropriate for control systems controlled by two independent controllers whose roles and objectives in terms of the system\u27s performance and implementation of the controls are generally different. In such systems, one controller has an advantage over the other in that it has the capability of designing and implementing its control first, before the other controller. With such a control hierarchy, this controller is designated as the leader while the other is the follower. To take advantage of its primary role, the leader\u27s control is designed by anticipating and considering the follower\u27s control. The follower becomes the sole controller in the system after the leader\u27s control has been implemented. In this study, we describe such systems and derive in detail the controls of both the leader and follower. In systems where the roles of leader and follower are negotiated, it is important to consider each controller\u27s leadership property. This property considers the question for each controller as to whether it is preferable to be a leader and let the other controller be a follower or be a follower and let the other controller be the leader. In this dissertation, we try to answer this question by considering two models, one static and the other dynamic, and illustrating the results with an example in each case. The final chapter of the dissertation considers an application in microeconomics. We consider a dynamic duopoly problem, and we derive the necessary conditions for the Stackelberg solution with one firm as a leader controlling the price in the marke

The University Defence Research Collaboration In Signal Processing

This chapter describes the development of algorithms for automatic detection of anomalies from multi-dimensional, undersampled and incomplete datasets. The challenge in this work is to identify and classify behaviours as normal or abnormal, safe or threatening, from an irregular and often heterogeneous sensor network. Many defence and civilian applications can be modelled as complex networks of interconnected nodes with unknown or uncertain spatio-temporal relations. The behavior of such heterogeneous networks can exhibit dynamic properties, reflecting evolution in both network structure (new nodes appearing and existing nodes disappearing), as well as inter-node relations. The UDRC work has addressed not only the detection of anomalies, but also the identification of their nature and their statistical characteristics. Normal patterns and changes in behavior have been incorporated to provide an acceptable balance between true positive rate, false positive rate, performance and computational cost. Data quality measures have been used to ensure the models of normality are not corrupted by unreliable and ambiguous data. The context for the activity of each node in complex networks offers an even more efficient anomaly detection mechanism. This has allowed the development of efficient approaches which not only detect anomalies but which also go on to classify their behaviour

Management: A bibliography for NASA managers

This bibliography lists 706 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in 1984. Entries, which include abstracts, are arranged in the following categories: human factors and personnel issues; management theory and techniques; industrial management and manufacturing; robotics and expert systems; computers and information management; research and development; economics, costs, and markets; logistics and operations management; reliability and quality control; and legality, legislation, and policy. Subject, personal author, corporate source, contract number, report number, and accession number indexes are included

How does regulation affect innovation and technology change in the water sector in England and Wales?

This thesis examines the role of regulation in technological change in the water sector in England and Wales. Based on a combination of Social-Ecological Systems (SES) theory and the Multi-Level Perspective on technological transitions a Comparative Information-Graded Approach (CIGA) is developed in Part 1. As part of the CIGA, a series of tools is used for characterizing and evaluating the relationship between regulation and technology. In Part 2, the CIGA is applied to characterize the relationship between regulation and water innovation in England and Wales based on official publications, Environment Agency data, and interviews. In particular, 7 mechanisms are identified by which regulation affects innovation and 5 issues of trust negatively interact with innovation. As trust is established through these mechanisms, opportunities for innovation are at times sacrificed. Part 3 develops and analyses a set of models based on findings in Part 2. Dynamical systems and fictitious play analysis of a trustee game model of regulation exhibits cyclicality providing an explanation for observed cycles which create an inconsistent drive for innovation. Trustee and coordination models are evaluated in Chapter 7 highlighting how most tools struggle with the issue of technological lock-in. Chapter 8 develops a model of two innovators and a public good water technology over time, showing the role foresight plays in this context as well as the disincentive to develop it. Taken together, the CIGA characterization and modelling work provide a series of recommendations and insights into how the system of regulation affects technology change.Open Acces

Multi-Agent Systems

A multi-agent system (MAS) is a system composed of multiple interacting intelligent agents. Multi-agent systems can be used to solve problems which are difficult or impossible for an individual agent or monolithic system to solve. Agent systems are open and extensible systems that allow for the deployment of autonomous and proactive software components. Multi-agent systems have been brought up and used in several application domains

Aeronautical Engineering: A Continuing Bibliography With Indexes

This supplemental issue of Aeronautical Engineering, A Continuing Bibliography with Indexes (NASA/SP-1999-7037) lists reports, articles, and other documents recently announced in the NASA STI Database. The coverage includes documents on the engineering and theoretical aspects of design, construction, evaluation, testing, operation, and performance of aircraft (including aircraft engines) and associated components, equipment, and systems. It also includes research and development in aerodynamics, aeronautics, and ground support equipment for aeronautical vehicles. Each entry in the publication consists of a standard bibliographic citation accompanied, in most cases, by an abstract. Two indexes-subject and author are included after the abstract section

The University Defence Research Collaboration In Signal Processing: 2013-2018

Signal processing is an enabling technology crucial to all areas of defence and security. It is called for whenever humans and autonomous systems are required to interpret data (i.e. the signal) output from sensors. This leads to the production of the intelligence on which military outcomes depend. Signal processing should be timely, accurate and suited to the decisions to be made. When performed well it is critical, battle-winning and probably the most important weapon which you’ve never heard of. With the plethora of sensors and data sources that are emerging in the future network-enabled battlespace, sensing is becoming ubiquitous. This makes signal processing more complicated but also brings great opportunities. The second phase of the University Defence Research Collaboration in Signal Processing was set up to meet these complex problems head-on while taking advantage of the opportunities. Its unique structure combines two multi-disciplinary academic consortia, in which many researchers can approach different aspects of a problem, with baked-in industrial collaboration enabling early commercial exploitation. This phase of the UDRC will have been running for 5 years by the time it completes in March 2018, with remarkable results. This book aims to present those accomplishments and advances in a style accessible to stakeholders, collaborators and exploiters

사우디아라비아의 공급조절 역할에 관한 연구

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 외교학과, 2012. 8. 윤영관.1960년 중동의 산유국들을 중심으로 한 OPEC의 창설은 석유 독과점시장 환경 내에서 생산국 간의 유기적 담합을 노리는 카르텔의 탄생으로 비춰졌고, OPEC의 이기적 동기에 대한 서방세계의 비판이 쏟아졌다. 그러나 OPEC 가입국 중, 사우디아라비아의 경우는 OPEC의 창설부터 현재까지 OPEC의 석유 생산량과 세계 유가를 적정 수준으로 유지하는, 소위 공급조절자(swing producer)의 역할을 담당해왔다는 점에서 주목을 받아왔다. 예컨대 사우디아라비아는 OPEC 원유에 대한 수요가 급감하고 석유 과잉공급으로 인한 유가 하락이 예상되던 1980년대 초반 OPEC 석유 생산량 쿼터제를 도입하는 데 주도적 역할을 하였고, 다른 국가보다 가파른 감산정책을 취하면서 유가 유지에 기여하였다. 그러나 OPEC에 불리한 시장 상황이 여전히 개선되지 않은 1985년 8월 사우디아라비아는 갑자기 증산정책을 단행하여 같은 해 12월까지 일일 원유생산량을 약 100% 끌어올렸다. 그 결과 1985년 말까지 약간의 감소세를 보이던 유가는 1986년 완전히 폭락하게 된다. 본 논문은 자국의 증산으로 세계 유가 폭락이 충분히 예상됐던 상황에서도, 이 시기 사우디아라비아가 기존의 공급조절자 역할을 대폭 축소한 배경이 무엇인가?라는 연구질문에 대한 대답을 시도하고 있다. 사우디아라비아의 석유 정책에 관한 기존 연구들은 1985년에 이뤄진 증산정책이 급격한 재정난으로 파탄된 국내 경제에서 비롯되었다고 설명하고 있다. 이러한 설명이 상당한 적합성을 제공함에도 불구하고, 본 논문은 사우디아라비아의 증산정책을 이끌어낸 가장 결정적인 요인은 사우디아라비아의 정치적 고려였다고 주장한다. 즉, 정치적 요인이 사우디아라비아의 정책결정과정에 작용했다는 데 초점을 두고, 사우디아라비아의 안보에 대한 국제적, 지역적 위협이 증가함에 따라 사우디아라비아가 증산을 통해 석유 수출 수익을 늘려 안보에 힘을 쏟는 대신 공급조절자의 역할을 축소하게 되었다는 가설을 연구질문에 대한 잠정적인 대답으로서 제시하였다. 본 연구에 의하면 냉전으로 인한 국제적 미-소 갈등이 중동 지역의 역내 긴장관계를 조성 및 강화하였으며, 1970년대 후반에는 이란혁명과 이란∙이라크 전쟁이 발생하여 사우디아라비아의 안보에 큰 압력으로 작용하였다. 특히 이란은 사우디아라비아의 친미정책과 종교적 타락을 문제 삼으며 사우디아라비아를 자극하는 데 이어, 1984년과 1985년에는 사우디아라비아의 핵심 정유시설과 유조선을 상대로 공격 및 테러를 거듭하여 사우디아라비아의 안보에 큰 위협을 가하였다. 이에 대한 방안으로 사우디아라비아는 적극적으로 서방의 선진무기 구입에 나서는 한편, 미국의 레이건 행정부와 긴밀한 협력관계를 도모하였다. 이러한 사실들은 사우디아라비아의 증산정책은 안보 능력 증강을 하는 과정에서 국가수입을 증가시킬 필요가 있었다는 가설을 확인시켜 주었다. 본 논문은 산유국의 생산 정책이 가격과 같은 시장요인에 대한 고려에서만 비롯되는 것이 아니라, 군사적 위협 인식과 같은 정치적 요인에 의해서도 큰 영향을 받을 수 있다는 것을 보여준다는 점에서 의의를 찾을 수 있다. 또한 카르텔로 대표되는 산유국의 경제적 협력이 가입국의 위협 인식 때문에 무산될 수 있다는 사실을 확인할 수 있어, 가스수출국포럼과 같이 현재 국제 에너지 시장에 형성되어 있는 카르텔의 미래를 가늠하는 데 있어 실증적으로 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 보인다.I. Introduction 1 1. Research Question 1 2. Literature Review 12 3. Research Hypothesis and Methodology 25 4. Organization of the Thesis 29 II. Historical Background 30 1. Foundation of OPEC and the Coalition between the Members 30 2. Market Change in the Early 1980s 37 3. Negotiations within OPEC 44 4. Broken Coalition 49 5. Saudi Arabias Determination to Increase its Oil Production 64 III. The Domestic Economy of Saudi Arabia 68 1. Saudi Arabias Economic Vulnerabilities 69 2. Saudi Arabias Economy in the mid-1980s: Examination of the Hypothesis (B) 84 IV. Saudi Arabias Politics in a Structural Context 98 1. Growing International Tensions in the Middle East 98 2. Regional Conflicts 107 3. Saudi Arabias Response to the Growing Tensions: Overproduction of its Crudes and Reduction of its Swing-Producer Role 123 V. Conclusions 139 Bibliography 145 국문초록 158Maste

Solving Multi-objective Integer Programs using Convex Preference Cones

Esta encuesta tiene dos objetivos: en primer lugar, identificar a los individuos que fueron víctimas de algún tipo de delito y la manera en que ocurrió el mismo. En segundo lugar, medir la eficacia de las distintas autoridades competentes una vez que los individuos denunciaron el delito que sufrieron. Adicionalmente la ENVEI busca indagar las percepciones que los ciudadanos tienen sobre las instituciones de justicia y el estado de derecho en Méxic