170,590 research outputs found
Damage identification in structural health monitoring: a brief review from its implementation to the Use of data-driven applications
The damage identification process provides relevant information about the current state of a structure under inspection, and it can be approached from two different points of view. The first approach uses data-driven algorithms, which are usually associated with the collection of data using sensors. Data are subsequently processed and analyzed. The second approach uses models to analyze information about the structure. In the latter case, the overall performance of the approach is associated with the accuracy of the model and the information that is used to define it. Although both approaches are widely used, data-driven algorithms are preferred in most cases because they afford the ability to analyze data acquired from sensors and to provide a real-time solution for decision making; however, these approaches involve high-performance processors due to the high computational cost. As a contribution to the researchers working with data-driven algorithms and applications, this work presents a brief review of data-driven algorithms for damage identification in structural health-monitoring applications. This review covers damage detection, localization, classification, extension, and prognosis, as well as the development of smart structures. The literature is systematically reviewed according to the natural steps of a structural health-monitoring system. This review also includes information on the types of sensors used as well as on the development of data-driven algorithms for damage identification.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Self-Enforcing Climate Change Treaties: A Generalized Differential Game Approach with Applications
Based on recent proposals on non cooperative dynamic games for analysing climate negotiation outcomes, such as Dutta and Radner (2004, 2006a), we generalize a specific framework for modelling differential games of this type and describe the set of conditions for the existence of closed loop dynamics and its relation to adaptive evolutionary dynamics. We then show that the Dutta and Radner (2004, 2006a) discrete time dynamic setup is a specific case of that generalization and describe the dynamics both analytically and numerically for closed loop feedback and perfect state patterns. Our discussion is completed with the introduction of a cooperative differential framework for welfare analysis purposes, within our non cooperative proposal for climate negotiations.Differential Game Theory, Environmental Economics, Evolutionary Dynamics, Climate Change Treaties
Sustainability Assessment in Singular Structures, Foundations and Structural Rehabilitation in Spanish Legislation
The objective of this work is twofold: to determine the scope of the tools currently available for the assessment of
sustainability of structures in Spanish legislation; and to identify environmental aspects that have yet to be covered, especially in the
case of foundations and of measures aimed at the structural rehabilitation of singular buildings. To this end, the method proposed in
the Spanish Instruction of Structural Concrete is applied to the particular case of the supported foundations of the Cylindrical and
Colonel buildings in the construction of the new Faculties of Law and of Work Sciences, of the University of Seville during the
period between 2005 and 2008. This case was chosen for its special uniqueness and for its inclusion of environmental aspects that
remain outside the scope of existing methods.
Most of these aspects are also of great relevance in structural rehabilitation activities carried out in urban environments and
neighbourhoods, where a major surge is currently underway due to the economic crisis that has hit projects of newly constructed
buildings. By virtue of the work carried out in recent years in the field of sustainability and the environment by several research
groups at the University of Seville, a number of alternatives are proposed for the quantification of those aspects that remain to be
considered. These techniques are based on tools that allow the agents to intervene in a flexible and effective way in the project
implementation phase
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Hierarchical Structure with Highly Ordered Macroporous-Mesoporous Metal-Organic Frameworks as Dual Function for CO2 Fixation.
As a major greenhouse gas, the continuous increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere has caused serious environmental problems, although CO2 is also an abundant, inexpensive, and nontoxic carbon source. Here, we use metal-organic framework (MOF) with highly ordered hierarchical structure as adsorbent and catalyst for chemical fixation of CO2 at atmospheric pressure, and the CO2 can be converted to the formate in excellent yields. Meanwhile, we have successfully integrated highly ordered macroporous and mesoporous structures into MOFs, and the macro-, meso-, and microporous structures have all been presented in one framework. Based on the unique hierarchical pores, high surface area (592 m2/g), and high CO2 adsorption capacity (49.51Â cm3/g), the ordered macroporous-mesoporous MOFs possess high activity for chemical fixation of CO2 (yield of 77%). These results provide a promising route of chemical CO2 fixation through MOF materials
Atmospheric Externalities and Environmental Taxation.
The paper reviews the theory of environmental taxation under first best and second best conditions. It argues that negative environmental externalities lead to reductions of the provision of public goods, while investment in abatement increases the supply of public goods. Together with optimal tax rules, the paper therefore also derives conditions for the optimal use of resources on abatement. After brief discussions of the dimensions of time and uncertainty, tax reform and the double dividend, and taxes versus quotas, the optimal tax model is applied to the problem of global warming with a discussion of the particular incentive problems that arise in designing and implementing global climate policy.Environmental taxation; Public goods
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