Challenges in Energy Awareness: a Swedish case of heating consumption in households

An efficient and sustainable energy system is an important factor when minimising the environmental impact caused by the cities. We have worked with questions on how to construct a more direct connection between customers-­‐citizens and a provider of district heating for negotiating notions of comfort in relation to heating and hot tap water use. In this paper we present visualisation concepts of such connections and reflect on the outcomes in terms of the type of data needed for sustainability assessment, as well as the methods explored for channelling information on individual consumption and environmental impact between customers and the provider of district heating. We have defined challenges in sustainable design for consumer behaviour change in the case of reducing heat and hot water consumption in individual households: (1) The problematic relation between individual behaviour steering and system level district heating, (2) The complexity of environmental impact as indicator for behaviour change, and (3) Ethical considerations concerning the role of the designer

An overview of research programmes and prospective technology in the development of more secure supply chains: The Case of Shipping Containers

The development of new, more secure, container systems should consider the main techno-economic items and devise a solution that, not only provides increased tamper-resistance, but also contains economically beneficial buy-in features that will motivate the adoption of new container models by the shipping trade. This report provides an overview of these aspects within the context of EU policy and R&D programmes in this area.JRC.G.5-European laboratory for structural assessmen

스마트시티가 이집트 국민의 삶의 질 향상에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 행정대학원 행정학과(행정학전공), 2023. 2. Seok-Jin Eom.Governments worldwide try to adopt new smart solutions to enhance the quality of life and standards of livings for their citizens. Many countries implemented smart cities as a smart solution to provide quality services and products through dynamic and innovative solutions. This study paper investigated how a smart city as a smart solution can enhance the quality of life, and what challenges the Egyptian government might face in developing a smart city to improve citizens' quality of life from the perception of official government officers. Furthermore, enhancing government efficiency through a data-driven and systematic approach to improve service delivery, making it more efficient and accessible to citizens. The study used qualitative and quantitative approaches. Particularly, a questionnaire survey was distributed to collect the required data from 127 official government officers from diversified Egyptian ministries through a random sampling method. the methods used to analyze the data collected were Multiple Regression and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) models. The findings show that there is a positive relationship between the smart city and quality of life. However, the study results also showed that smart city characteristics (Smart Economy, Smart People, Smart Governance, Smart Mobility, Smart Environment, and Smart Living) as independent variables show no significant effect on the quality of life reflecting that a smart city is based on an interconnected system and the characteristics are integrated to formulate the smart city. Moreover, the AHP results show that from the perception of the official government officers, all the dimensions that cover basic needs such as income, good housing, and education are so important to be considered to achieve a quality of life for the citizens. While the leisure and social interactions dimension which covers citizens ability to spend leisure time outside their work time, and social activities that make them happy and satisfied came at the centre of the most important and least important dimensions. Based on the data collected from the official government officers this study contributes to academic research and provides recommendations to the government of Egypt to consider in case of initiating a smart city national plan to improve the quality of life for Egyptian citizens.전 세계 정부는 시민들의 삶의 질과 삶의 수준을 향상시키기 위해 새로운 스마트 솔루션을 채택하려고 노력하고 있다. 많은 국가들이 역동적이고 혁신적인 솔루션을 통해 양질의 서비스와 제품을 제공하는 스마트 해결책으로 스마트 시티를 구현했다. 본 연구 논문은 공무원의 인식에서 스마트 솔루션으로서의 스마트시티가 삶의 질을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법과 이집트 정부가 시민의 삶의 질을 향상시킬 수 있는 스마트시티를 개발하기 위해 직면할 수 있는 과제가 무엇인지를 조사하였다. 또한 데이터 중심의 체계적인 접근 방식을 통해 정부의 효율성을 높여 서비스 제공을 개선함으로써 시민들이 보다 효율적이고 쉽게 접근할 수 있도록 한다. 이 연구는 질적 및 양적 접근법을 사용했습니다. 특히 다양한 이집트 부처 공무원 127명을 대상으로 무작위 표본추출 방식으로 필요한 자료를 수집하기 위한 설문조사를 실시했다. 수집된 데이터를 분석하는 데 사용된 방법은 다중 회귀 분석 및 분석 계층 프로세스(AHP) 모형이었다. 연구 결과는 스마트 시티와 삶의 질 사이에 긍정적인 관계가 있다는 것을 보여준다. 그러나 독립변수로서의 스마트 도시 특성(스마트경제, 스마트피플, 스마트거버넌스, 스마트 모빌리티, 스마트 환경, 스마트 리빙)은 상호 연계된 시스템을 기반으로 하고 스마트 시티를 표현하는 특성이 통합되어 있음을 반영하여 삶의 질에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 연구결과가 나타났다. 게다가, AHP 결과는 공무원들의 인식에서 소득, 좋은 주택, 교육과 같은 기본적인 필요를 다루는 모든 차원이 시민들의 삶의 질을 달성하기 위해 고려될 만큼 매우 중요하다는 것을 보여준다. 시민들이 업무 시간 외에 여가 시간을 보낼 수 있는 능력을 다루는 여가 및 사회적 상호 작용 차원과 그들을 행복하고 만족스럽게 만드는 사회적 활동이 가장 중요하고 덜 중요한 차원의 중심에 있었다. 공무원들로부터 수집된 자료를 바탕으로 본 연구는 학술 연구에 기여하고 이집트 정부가 이집트 시민들의 삶의 질을 향상시키기 위한 스마트 시티 국가 계획을 시작할 때 고려해야 할 권장 사항을 제언한다.Chapter 1: Introduction 7 1.1 Study background 7 1.2 Problem Statement: 8 1.3 Research Objective: 8 1.4 Research Questions: 9 1.4.1 Major Question: 9 1.4.2 Minor Questions: 9 1.5 Research Methods: 9 Chapter 2: Theoretical Background and Literature Review 10 2.1 Smart Cities Background: 10 2.2 Smart Cities Characteristics: 14 2.3 Impediment of Implementing Smart Cities: 19 2.4 Smart Cities Challenges: 23 2.5 Quality of Life Background: 29 2.6 Quality of Life Dimensions: 31 2.7 Quality of Life Within Egypt Vision 2030: 33 2.8 Egypt New Administrative Capital: 35 2.9 South Korea National Smart City Plan: 36 2.10 Egypt Smart Cities Challenges: 36 Chapter 3: Research Methodology 40 3.1. Diagram. Analytical Framework: 40 3.2 Variables Definitions: 42 3.3 Research Design: 44 3.4 Research Methodology: 45 3.5 Data collection: 45 3.6 Survey Instrument: 45 3.7 Criteria of Measurement: 46 3.8 Data Analysis: 47 Chapter 4 Analysis and Discussion of the Results 48 4.1 Descriptive statistics 48 4.1.1 Descriptive statistics of survey respondents 48 4.1.2 Demographic statistics of key variables by gender 51 4.1.3 AHP Model Analysis 54 4.2 Pearson Correlation Analysis 59 4.3 Regression Model Analysis 60 4.4 Hypothesis Testing: 63 4.5 Discussion of the major findings 67 Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendations 71 5.1 Conclusion: 71 5.2. Policy Recommendations: 72 5.3. Future Recommendation for the Study: 75 5.4. Study Limitation: 75 References 76 Appendix 79석

Integration of heterogeneous devices and communication models via the cloud in the constrained internet of things

As the Internet of Things continues to expand in the coming years, the need for services that span multiple IoT application domains will continue to increase in order to realize the efficiency gains promised by the IoT. Today, however, service developers looking to add value on top of existing IoT systems are faced with very heterogeneous devices and systems. These systems implement a wide variety of network connectivity options, protocols (proprietary or standards-based), and communication methods all of which are unknown to a service developer that is new to the IoT. Even within one IoT standard, a device typically has multiple options for communicating with others. In order to alleviate service developers from these concerns, this paper presents a cloud-based platform for integrating heterogeneous constrained IoT devices and communication models into services. Our evaluation shows that the impact of our approach on the operation of constrained devices is minimal while providing a tangible benefit in service integration of low-resource IoT devices. A proof of concept demonstrates the latter by means of a control and management dashboard for constrained devices that was implemented on top of the presented platform. The results of our work enable service developers to more easily implement and deploy services that span a wide variety of IoT application domains

Smart as democratically transformative? An analysis of ‘Smart City’ sociotechnical imaginary in India

‘Smart cities’ as sociotechnical imaginaries have been enthusiastically embraced by urban planners and policymakers around the world. In 2014, the government of India launched its Smart Cities Mission ostensibly to create socially inclusive and sustainable cities. Aspiring to make their cities smart, and following guidelines provided by the national government, urban authorities from all corners of India submitted proposals to compete in a Smart City Challenge. If successful, they would receive financial and technical support from the national government, to carry out the proposed smart transformations. Focussing on the urban mobility aspects of one such proposal, submitted by New Town, Kolkata, we assess how democratically transformative was the collective process of imagining smart cities in India. A democratically transformative process not only imagines the benefits of smart transformations to be widely distributed across different sections of the city, but it is also participatory and articulated. A participatory process affords possibilities to the most marginalised citizens to engage and raise their diverging and dissenting voices. And an articulated process registers the voices of the most marginalised in the sociotechnical imaginary it produces. Our results indicate that while considerable efforts were made to engage with citizens in the making of the imaginary, the process remained highly uneven and technology-centric, shaped by ‘globalised’ aspirations of urban smartness and by the upper and middle classes, leaving behind the voices and needs of poor and marginalised citizens of Kolkata