The Effect of Rule-Based Scaffoldings on Second Grade Students\u27 Digital Storytelling

Digital storytelling is a powerful method for revitalizing literacy instruction. Past research suggested that digital storytelling activities improve students’ writing skills through construction of various types of stories. However, little research has investigated in what ways educators can promote students’ interests and actual abilities to express narrative discourse in a digital format. Recent research indicated that the use of story grammars help students develop sophisticated stories. From this perspective, Labov’s story grammar emphasized two functions of good story structure: reference—the listeners (or readers) are told what happened, and evaluation—the speakers (or writers) reveal their attitude toward the events of the narrative. Meanwhile, current practitioner based research suggests that Lambert’s seven elements approach of digital storytelling emerged as a practical guideline for creating effective digital stories in elementary classrooms. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of three instructional approaches: Labov’s story grammar only, Lambert’s seven elements only, and both instructional approaches, as scaffolding(s) for students’ digital storytelling. Specifically, a quantitative research design with three experimental groups and one control group, pre-test and post-test, was employed. Participants included 104 second-graders (largely from high socioeconomic status families), with 26 in each of four classrooms. Therefore, the three instructional scaffold approaches and one non-scaffold supported approach were randomly assigned to each of four classrooms respectively to support students’ story writing, storytelling, story design and construction using Movie Maker software. Students’ understanding of narrative writing was assessed before and after the implementation of the intervention. The results indicated that the instructional scaffolding positively enhanced students’ performance in story writing, storytelling, as well as verbal and visual expression. In particular, the story grammar scaffolding motivated students to produce coherent, more sophisticated stories. The seven elements scaffolding sparked students’ creative verbal and visual expressions and stimulated them to elaborate using a variety of adjectives in their digital stories. When both scaffolding approaches were implemented, students significantly outperformed the other groups on the quality of story content, story coherency and narrative knowledge. The implications of these findings and recommendations for future research are discussed

Accuracy of Sign Interpreting and Real-Time Captioning ofScience Videos for the Delivery of Instruction to Deaf StudentsAccuracy of Sign Interpreting and Real-Time Captioning ofScience Videos for the Delivery of Instruction to Deaf StudentsAccuracy of Sign Interpreting and Real-Time Captioning of Science Videos for the Delivery of Instruction to Deaf Students

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively examine the impact of third-party support service providers on the quality of science information available to deaf students in regular science classrooms. Three different videotapes that were developed by NASA for high school science classrooms were selected for the study, allowing for different concepts and vocabulary to be examined. The focus was on the accuracy of translation as measured by the number of key science words included in the transcripts (captions) or videos (interpreted).Data were collected via transcripts completed by CART (computer assisted real-time captionists) or through videos of sign language interpreters. All participants were required to listen to and translate these NASA educational videos with no prior experience with this information so as not to influence their delivery. CART personnel using captions were found to be significantly more accurate in the delivery of science words as compared to the sign language interpreters in this study

The Effects Of Closed-Captioned Television On The Oral Reading Fluency Of Low Socioeconomic 2nd Grade Students

Research into the use of closed-captioning has provided exciting evidence into the possibilities of its usefulness as a literacy tool. Although previous studies have shown the efficacy of closed-captioning as a tool that can assist the deaf and hard-of-hearing, those learning a second language, and hearing students, the existing scholarship lacks important information regarding closed-captioning and its impact on oral reading fluency. Previous scholars have proven that CC can assist all students on word recognition, vocabulary, and reading comprehension; however, there is a dearth of new research focusing on low socioeconomic students from rural communities. This quantitative, quasi-experimental, comparative study explores this missing research by examining the effects that closed-captioning television could have on the oral reading fluency of elementary children living in poverty. 2nd grade students from a Title I school in the Mississippi Delta were assigned to two different groups: the treatment group participated in viewing the Arthur video series with captions, while the control group participated in viewing the same videos without captions. Pretests and posttests were given using Reading Curriculum Based Measures from Aimsweb. The results of the ANCOVA shono statistical differences between the two groups; however, the study did uncover a specific need for further studies on how closed-captioning can impact the literacy of children living in poverty