9 research outputs found
A Modified Fractal Bow Tie Antenna for an RFID Reader
In this paper, fractal Bowtie antennas are proposed. To validate our structure and to develop an analytic method to determine the geometry parameters, the Lumped theory is used. The proposed structure is simulated using CST Microwave Studio and then Compared to the electrical Model. The proposed circuit has the same resonant aspect when comparing to the Bowtie antenna with a much reduced simulation time. The Bowtie antenna has a box with a size of 44 *80 *1.5 mm3. This antenna will be designed to an RFID Reader that resonates on 2.45 GHz.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v4i3.565
A Miniature L-slot Microstrip Printed Antenna for RFID
This work presents a miniature microstrip antenna at 2.45 GHz by using the slots technique. This microstrip antenna is fed by a CPW technique and designed for RFID reader system on FR4 substrate. A size reduction equal to 66.6% has been obtained compared to the conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The total area of the final circuit is 19x31 mm2. The validated antenna has good matching input impedance with a stable radiation pattern, a loss return of -40 dB, and a gain of 1.78 dBi, a prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured
A Miniaturized Patch Antenna Designed and Manufactured Using Slot's Technique for RFID UHF Mobile Applications
In this research work, a novel compact antenna with rectangular slots is presented for radio frequency identification (RFID) handled applications in the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) band that can be manufactured and integrated into RFID readers without difficult. A prototype demonstrating the aforementioned features was constructed and measured. The proposed antenna is fed by 50-Ω coaxial cable and printed on a 1.6mm thick FR4 substrate which has a small size and occupies a volume of 68×66 ×1.6mm3. The patch, the feed-line and ground plane are made of PEC (Perfect Electric Conductor) with a thickness of 0.035 mm. Measured results indicate that the proposed antenna has a good impedance matching characteristic ranging from 889 to 939MHz, which covers the USA RFID-band (902–928MHz), the Chinese RFID-operating-band (920–924.5MHz), and the Korea and Japan RFID-band (917–923.5MHz). These results were achieved by the insertion of slots in the compact structure of the antenna. The electromagnetic simulators HFSS (High Frequency structure simulator) and CST (Computer Simulation Technology) microwave studio were used for the design, modeling and simulation of the antenna. The focus of the study of our antenna was on the parameters of return loss, bandwidth, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), input impedance and gain
An electrical model to design a Metamaterial Left Hand Antenna
This paper proposes a novel approach to study the Left hand antenna using an adequate electrical model. The structure is composed by a periodic Split Ring Resonator and a metallic wires, that’s why the proposed model take into consideration the model of each element and the coupling between the element. Due to the complexity of the structure, the model becomes very important because it’s simple, accurate and a very fast. Besides, once the model is built, it will be easy to control the structure with any change in the structure, the excitation, the substrate. The proposed antenna was manufactured on a FR-4 epoxy. The antenna is designed to RFID application, exactly for an RFID Reader. The antenna presents a significant gain superior to 16dB, and it is designed to simulate at 2.45 GHz
Novel Antennas for UHF RFID Tags: Design and Miniaturization
This article focuses of study the nature and characteristics of the antenna, The collective electrical signals acquired from RFID antennas require advanced techniques for feeding, gains and radiation patterns. After an introduction to RFID technology itself (principle and characteristics of different RFID tags), the article offers some examples of applications of this technology in everyday life or in the industry. In order to use radio frequency identification (RFID) antenna for wireless communication and real world applications military and personal communication systems, mobile phones, personal digital assistant (PDA), blue-tooth systems, wireless local area networks (WLAN), road tolling systems, animal traceability etc, studying the nature and characteristics of the antenna is an important use. A novel printed antenna is proposed for Radio Frequency Identification. The antenna has a much wider bandwidth than known printed antenna, mostly planar antennas. The antenna geometry is much smaller than a printed dipole antenna at the same frequency band.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v4i1.475
A new compact and miniaturized GCPW-fed slotted rectangular antenna for wideband UHF FIRD applications
This paper presents the development of a new miniaturized and compact GCPW-fed slotted rectangular antenna structure reader for wideband UHF RFID applications. The optimized proposed antenna is suitable to operate a large frequency-band range from 0.8GHz to 1.3GHz with a bandwidth of 500MHz with a return loss less than -10dB. The antenna is based on a 1.6mm thickness FR4 epoxy substrate with a reduce dimensions compared to the simple rectangular antenna and size of proposed antenna is 47*40mm2. The new design consists of a compact rectangular patch with symmetric U-shaped slots and I-shaped include a partial ground plan and fed by 50 Grounded coplanar line. The antenna parameters have been investigated and optimized by using CST Microwave Studio. To validate the CST Microwave Studio results before the antenna achievement, we have conducted another study by using ADS. The final circuit achieved, measured and validated. Experimental results show that the proposed antenna has good radiation characteristics and operating in UHF-RFID applications
Design and development of triangular, spiral, and fractal antennas for radio frequency identification tags
This dissertation reports on the design and development of three compact, non-meandered microstrip patch antennas for ultra high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) applications. The monopole antennas considered in this work are an inset-fed triangular antenna, one arm Archimedes spiral antenna and a Half-Sierpinski fractal antenna. These antennas with small length to width ratios (\u3c 2/1), can be the preferred choice, in the tagging of small size consumer end products, over the ubiquitous meandered dipole antenna (length/width \u3e 5/1), which is often the antenna of choice, due to its high gain for UHF RFID applications. The lengths and widths of all three antennas are less than 5.5 cm. Earlier reports of planar antennas for RFID applications in the UHF range have lengths larger than 9 cm on one side or are developed on a rigid substrate. All three antennas have a surface area of about 30 cm2 and are designed for a flexible polyimide substrate. The new antennas satisfy the requirement of a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) \u3c 2 and exhibit a gain close to or greater than 0 dBi at the operation frequency of 915 MHz. All three antennas have a return-loss less than -10 dB at 915 MHz and a -10 dB bandwidth greater than 12 MHz. While the triangular and spiral antennas display peak gains of over 2 dBi, the fractal antenna has a gain close to 0 dBi (-0.64 dBi). The effect of ground geometry on the radiation performance of the antennas has been analyzed using ANSOFT Designer software. Slots, aligned to the top patch were introduced in the antenna ground plane to increase the gain of the antennas. The fabricated and tested antennas were then employed in the transmission-delay-line-based passive radio-frequency identification tag. The location of the antenna with respect to the transmission line on the tag was found to affect the radiation pattern of the antenna. A circular disc monopole antenna having a gain of 8.88 dBi and having a -10 dB bandwidth greater than 300 MHz was employed to transmit and receive the interrogating and back-scattered signals, respectively. The generation of bits, employing On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation technique was successfully demonstrated. The tag, fabricated with the triangular antenna is found to perform the best
Survey on Lightweight Primitives and Protocols for RFID in Wireless Sensor Networks
The use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies is becoming widespread in all kind of wireless network-based applications. As expected, applications based on sensor networks, ad-hoc or mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) can be highly benefited from the adoption of RFID solutions. There is a strong need to employ lightweight cryptographic primitives for many security applications because of the tight cost and constrained resource requirement of sensor based networks. This paper mainly focuses on the security analysis of lightweight protocols and algorithms proposed for the security of RFID systems. A large number of research solutions have been proposed to implement lightweight cryptographic primitives and protocols in sensor and RFID integration based resource constraint networks. In this work, an overview of the currently discussed lightweight primitives and their attributes has been done. These primitives and protocols have been compared based on gate equivalents (GEs), power, technology, strengths, weaknesses and attacks. Further, an integration of primitives and protocols is compared with the possibilities of their applications in practical scenarios