JPEG Image Encryption Using Combined Reversed And Normal Direction-Distorted Dc Permutation With Key Scheduling Algorithm-Based Permutation

This thesis work studied on digital image encryption algorithms performed towards JPEG images. With image encryption algorithms, JPEG images can be securely scrambled or encrypted prior to distribution. The intended recipient will be given a decryption key in which only with this key the receiver can received and decrypt the media for viewing. The proposed approach uses a frequency domain combinational framework of coefficients scrambling with Key Scheduling Algorithm based (KSA-based) permutation. This novel algorithm applies coefficients scrambling using Combined-Reverse-and-Normal-Direction (CRND) scanning together with Distorted DC permutation (DDP). This encryption algorithm involved the manipulation of JPEG zigzag scanning table according to 10 different scanning tables which was derived by reversing the existing zigzag scanning directions. With the same compression properties, this encryption algorithm was shown to be able to produce average file size smaller than baseline JPEG and other encryption. It was also shown that the average decoding speed for this technique outperform most of other existing techniques and the same time able to maintain image quality (PSNR) as other techniques. It terms of security, with the combination of Distorted DC permutation (DDP), it was considered to be having medium security based on some basic attack analysis that was carried out. It is also shown that this technique is fully format compliance as most of other techniques do. Based on the simple nature of CRND, this technique is easy to be implemented on existing system and thus should be able reduce the cost of implementing a new encryption system

Encrypting video and image streams using OpenCL code on- demand

La cantidad de información multimedia que se transmite a través de la web es muy alta y continua incrementándose. Generalmente, este tipo de datos no se los protege correctamente, dado que los usuarios no aprecian la cantidad de información que las imágenes y videos pueden contener. En este trabajo, presentamos una arquitectura para manejar de manera segura, canales de transmisión multimedia. La idea es encriptar o codificar imágenes y videos de una forma eficiente y dinámica. Al mismo tiempo, estos datos pueden ser mejorados aplicando un procesamiento en tiempo real. Lo novedoso de esta propuesta es la utilización en tiempo real de código bajo-demanda en paralelo escrito en OpenCL. Los algoritmos y estructura de datos son conocidos por los participantes de la comunicación, solo cuando esta comienza, lo que supone incrementa la robustez frente a posibles ataques. En el trabajo desarrollamos una descripción completa de la propuesta y varias pruebas de rendimiento con diferentes algoritmos.The amount of multimedia information transmitted through the web is very high and increasing. Generally, this kind of data is not correctly protected, since users do not appreciate the amount of information that images and videos may contain. In this work, we present architecture for managing safely multimedia transmission channels. The idea is to encrypt or encode images and videos in an efficient and dynamic way. At the same time, these media could be enhanced applying a real-time image process. The main novelty of the proposal is the application of on-demand parallel code written in OpenCL. The algorithms and data structure are known by the parties only at communication time, what we suppose increases the robustness against possible attacks. We conducted a complete description of the proposal and several performance tests with different known algorithms.Fil: D'amato, Juan Pablo. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Grupo de Plasmas Densos Magnetizados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Venere, Marcelo Javier. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Grupo de Plasmas Densos Magnetizados; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Argentin

A NOVEL JOINT PERCEPTUAL ENCRYPTION AND WATERMARKING SCHEME (JPEW) WITHIN JPEG FRAMEWORK

Due to the rapid growth in internet and multimedia technologies, many new commercial applications like video on demand (VOD), pay-per-view and real-time multimedia broadcast etc, have emerged. To ensure the integrity and confidentiality of the multimedia content, the content is usually watermarked and then encrypted or vice versa. If the multimedia content needs to be watermarked and encrypted at the same time, the watermarking function needs to be performed first followed by encryption function. Hence, if the watermark needs to be extracted then the multimedia data needs to be decrypted first followed by extraction of the watermark. This results in large computational overhead. The solution provided in the literature for this problem is by using what is called partial encryption, in which media data are partitioned into two parts - one to be watermarked and the other is encrypted. In addition, some multimedia applications i.e. video on demand (VOD), Pay-TV, pay-per-view etc, allow multimedia content preview which involves „perceptual‟ encryption wherein all or some selected part of the content is, perceptually speaking, distorted with an encryption key. Up till now no joint perceptual encryption and watermarking scheme has been proposed in the literature. In this thesis, a novel Joint Perceptual Encryption and Watermarking (JPEW) scheme is proposed that is integrated within JPEG standard. The design of JPEW involves the design and development of both perceptual encryption and watermarking schemes that are integrated in JPEG and feasible within the „partial‟ encryption framework. The perceptual encryption scheme exploits the energy distribution of AC components and DC components bitplanes of continuous-tone images and is carried out by selectively encrypting these AC coefficients and DC components bitplanes. The encryption itself is based on a chaos-based permutation reported in an earlier work. Similarly, in contrast to the traditional watermarking schemes, the proposed watermarking scheme makes use of DC component of the image and it is carried out by selectively substituting certain bitplanes of DC components with watermark bits. vi ii Apart from the aforesaid JPEW, additional perceptual encryption scheme, integrated in JPEG, has also been proposed. The scheme is outside of joint framework and implements perceptual encryption on region of interest (ROI) by scrambling the DCT blocks of the chosen ROI. The performances of both, perceptual encryption and watermarking schemes are evaluated and compared with Quantization Index modulation (QIM) based watermarking scheme and reversible Histogram Spreading (RHS) based perceptual encryption scheme. The results show that the proposed watermarking scheme is imperceptible and robust, and suitable for authentication. Similarly, the proposed perceptual encryption scheme outperforms the RHS based scheme in terms of number of operations required to achieve a given level of perceptual encryption and provides control over the amount of perceptual encryption. The overall security of the JPEW has also been evaluated. Additionally, the performance of proposed separate perceptual encryption scheme has been thoroughly evaluated in terms of security and compression efficiency. The scheme is found to be simpler in implementation, have insignificant effect on compression ratios and provide more options for the selection of control factor

3D Wavelet-Based Video Codec with Human Perceptual Model

This thesis explores the use of a human perceptual model in video compression, channel coding, error concealment and subjective image quality measurement. The perceptual distortion model just-noticeable-distortion (JND) is investigated. A video encoding/decoding scheme based on 3D wavelet decomposition and the human perceptual model is implemented. It provides a prior compression quality control which is distinct from the conventional video coding system. JND is applied in quantizer design to improve the subjective quality ofcompressed video. The 3D wavelet decomposition helps to remove spatial and temporal redundancy and provides scalability of video quality. In order to conceal the errors that may occur under bad wireless channel conditions, a slicing method and a joint source channel coding scenario that combines RCPC with CRC and uses the distortion information toallocate convolutional coding rates are proposed. A new subjective quality index based on JND is proposed and used to evaluate the overall performance at different signal to noise ratios (SNR) and at different compression ratios.Due to the wide use of arithmetic coding (AC) in data compression, we consider it as a readily available unit in the video codec system for broadcasting. A new scheme for conditional access (CA) sub-system is designed based on the cryptographic property of arithmetic coding. Itsperformance is analyzed along with its application in a multi-resolution video compression system. This scheme simplifies the conditional access sub-system and provides satisfactory system reliability

QUALITY-DRIVEN CROSS LAYER DESIGN FOR MULTIMEDIA SECURITY OVER RESOURCE CONSTRAINED WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

The strong need for security guarantee, e.g., integrity and authenticity, as well as privacy and confidentiality in wireless multimedia services has driven the development of an emerging research area in low cost Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). Unfortunately, those conventional encryption and authentication techniques cannot be applied directly to WMSNs due to inborn challenges such as extremely limited energy, computing and bandwidth resources. This dissertation provides a quality-driven security design and resource allocation framework for WMSNs. The contribution of this dissertation bridges the inter-disciplinary research gap between high layer multimedia signal processing and low layer computer networking. It formulates the generic problem of quality-driven multimedia resource allocation in WMSNs and proposes a cross layer solution. The fundamental methodologies of multimedia selective encryption and stream authentication, and their application to digital image or video compression standards are presented. New multimedia selective encryption and stream authentication schemes are proposed at application layer, which significantly reduces encryption/authentication complexity. In addition, network resource allocation methodologies at low layers are extensively studied. An unequal error protection-based network resource allocation scheme is proposed to achieve the best effort media quality with integrity and energy efficiency guarantee. Performance evaluation results show that this cross layer framework achieves considerable energy-quality-security gain by jointly designing multimedia selective encryption/multimedia stream authentication and communication resource allocation

Tactical Military Communication Networks of the Future .

Military communication has the added dimension of mobility and bandwidth conservation. The paper deals with the necessity of advanced concepts of communicating images. data and fax in addition to voice as dictated by the command and control requirements. The Integrated services digital network as applied to tactical network of the future is presented. The topics of routing, encryption, mobile access, digital links are briefly covered. The importance of standards of CCITT and contemporary techniques like B-ISDN, cellular radios are discussed. The relevance of network management and its main features are brought out

Trouble with Prime Numbers: DeCSS, DVD and the Protection of Proprietary Encryption Tools

This essay deals with the cracking of DVD encryption and its further diffusion as a computer programme named DeCSS, which has been made available over the Internet in various formats, including t-shirts and a numerical representation of the code