Segmentation of images by color features: a survey

En este articulo se hace la revisión del estado del arte sobre la segmentación de imagenes de colorImage segmentation is an important stage for object recognition. Many methods have been proposed in the last few years for grayscale and color images. In this paper, we present a deep review of the state of the art on color image segmentation methods; through this paper, we explain the techniques based on edge detection, thresholding, histogram-thresholding, region, feature clustering and neural networks. Because color spaces play a key role in the methods reviewed, we also explain in detail the most commonly color spaces to represent and process colors. In addition, we present some important applications that use the methods of image segmentation reviewed. Finally, a set of metrics frequently used to evaluate quantitatively the segmented images is shown

Deep Saliency with Encoded Low level Distance Map and High Level Features

Recent advances in saliency detection have utilized deep learning to obtain high level features to detect salient regions in a scene. These advances have demonstrated superior results over previous works that utilize hand-crafted low level features for saliency detection. In this paper, we demonstrate that hand-crafted features can provide complementary information to enhance performance of saliency detection that utilizes only high level features. Our method utilizes both high level and low level features for saliency detection under a unified deep learning framework. The high level features are extracted using the VGG-net, and the low level features are compared with other parts of an image to form a low level distance map. The low level distance map is then encoded using a convolutional neural network(CNN) with multiple 1X1 convolutional and ReLU layers. We concatenate the encoded low level distance map and the high level features, and connect them to a fully connected neural network classifier to evaluate the saliency of a query region. Our experiments show that our method can further improve the performance of state-of-the-art deep learning-based saliency detection methods.Comment: Accepted by IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition(CVPR) 2016. Project page: https://github.com/gylee1103/SaliencyEL

EXPLOITING HIGHER ORDER UNCERTAINTY IN IMAGE ANALYSIS

Soft computing is a group of methodologies that works synergistically to provide flexible information processing capability for handling real-life ambiguous situations. Its aim is to exploit the tolerance for imprecision, uncertainty, approximate reasoning, and partial truth in order to achieve tractability, robustness, and low-cost solutions. Soft computing methodologies (involving fuzzy sets, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and rough sets) have been successfully employed in various image processing tasks including image segmentation, enhancement and classification, both individually or in combination with other soft computing techniques. The reason of such success has its motivation in the fact that soft computing techniques provide a powerful tools to describe uncertainty, naturally embedded in images, which can be exploited in various image processing tasks. The main contribution of this thesis is to present tools for handling uncertainty by means of a rough-fuzzy framework for exploiting feature level uncertainty. The first contribution is the definition of a general framework based on the hybridization of rough and fuzzy sets, along with a new operator called RF-product, as an effective solution to some problems in image analysis. The second and third contributions are devoted to prove the effectiveness of the proposed framework, by presenting a compression method based on vector quantization and its compression capabilities and an HSV color image segmentation technique

Adaptive threshold optimisation for colour-based lip segmentation in automatic lip-reading systems

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in ful lment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Johannesburg, September 2016Having survived the ordeal of a laryngectomy, the patient must come to terms with the resulting loss of speech. With recent advances in portable computing power, automatic lip-reading (ALR) may become a viable approach to voice restoration. This thesis addresses the image processing aspect of ALR, and focuses three contributions to colour-based lip segmentation. The rst contribution concerns the colour transform to enhance the contrast between the lips and skin. This thesis presents the most comprehensive study to date by measuring the overlap between lip and skin histograms for 33 di erent colour transforms. The hue component of HSV obtains the lowest overlap of 6:15%, and results show that selecting the correct transform can increase the segmentation accuracy by up to three times. The second contribution is the development of a new lip segmentation algorithm that utilises the best colour transforms from the comparative study. The algorithm is tested on 895 images and achieves percentage overlap (OL) of 92:23% and segmentation error (SE) of 7:39 %. The third contribution focuses on the impact of the histogram threshold on the segmentation accuracy, and introduces a novel technique called Adaptive Threshold Optimisation (ATO) to select a better threshold value. The rst stage of ATO incorporates -SVR to train the lip shape model. ATO then uses feedback of shape information to validate and optimise the threshold. After applying ATO, the SE decreases from 7:65% to 6:50%, corresponding to an absolute improvement of 1:15 pp or relative improvement of 15:1%. While this thesis concerns lip segmentation in particular, ATO is a threshold selection technique that can be used in various segmentation applications.MT201

A Survey on Various Brain MR Image Segmentation Techniques

Prior to medical image analysis, segmentation is an essential step in the preprocessing process. Partitioning an image into distinct regions based on characteristics like texture, color, and intensity is its primary goal. Numerous applications include tumor and coronary border recognition, surgical planning, tumor volume measurement, blood cell classification and heart image extraction from cardiac cine angiograms are all made possible by this technique. Many segmentation methods have been proposed recently for medical images. Thresholding, region-based, edge-based, clustering-based and fuzzy based methods are the most important segmentation processes in medical image analysis. A variety of image segmentation methods have been developed by researchers for efficient analysis. An overview of widely used image segmentation methods, along with their benefits and drawbacks, is provided in this paper

Image Segmentation Techniques: A Survey

Segmenting an image utilizing diverse strategies is the primary technique of Image Processing. The technique is broadly utilized in clinical image handling, face acknowledgment, walker location, and so on. Various objects in an image can be recognized using image segmentation methods. Researchers have come up with various image segmentation methods for effective analysis. This paper presents a survey and sums up the designs process of essential image segmentation methods broadly utilized with their advantages and weaknesses

Image Segmentation Techniques: A Survey

Segmenting an image utilizing diverse strategies is the primary technique of Image Processing. The technique is broadly utilized in clinical image handling, face acknowledgment, walker location, and so on. Various objects in an image can be recognized using image segmentation methods. Researchers have come up with various image segmentation methods for effective analysis. This paper presents a survey and sums up the designs process of essential image segmentation methods broadly utilized with their advantages and weaknesses

Detection and Recognition of Traffic Sign using FCM with SVM

This paper mainly focuses on Traffic Sign and board Detection systems that have been placed on roads and highway. This system aims to deal with real-time traffic sign and traffic board recognition, i.e. localizing what type of traffic sign and traffic board are appears in which area of an input image at a fast processing time. Our detection module is based on proposed extraction and classification of traffic signs built upon a color probability model using HAAR feature Extraction and color Histogram of Orientated Gradients (HOG).HOG technique is used to convert original image into gray color then applies RGB for foreground. Then the Support Vector Machine (SVM) fetches the object from the above result and compares with database. At the same time Fuzzy Cmeans cluster (FCM) technique get the same output from above result and then  to compare with the database images. By using this method, accuracy of identifying the signs could be improved. Also the dynamic updating of new signals can be done. The goal of this work is to provide optimized prediction on the given sign