Performance improvement of a SOA-based coherent optical-OFDM transmission system via nonlinear companding transforms

International audienceCoherent-Optical OFDM systems are known to be sensitive to large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) at the transmitter output, due to nonlinear properties of some components involved in the transmission link. In this paper, we investigate the impact of an amplification of such signals via a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), considering some recent experimental results. An efficient tradeoff between BER performance, computational complexity and power efficiency is performed by a proper design of Wang's nonlinear companding function, considered for the first time in an optical communication context. A BER advantage of around 3 dB can hence be obtained over a standard system implementation not using PAPR reduction. The designed function also proves to be more efficient than µ-law function, considered in the literature as an efficient companding scheme

A Numerical Assessment of an Effective Envelope-Tracking Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Design for Coherent-Optical OFDM Transmission

International audienceThe inherent nonlinear effects associated to Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOAs) may translate into a transmission performance loss for non-constant envelope modulation formats. However, a variety of linearization schemes may be adopted for coping with these impairments and offering an effective system design. In this paper, an envelope tracking (ET) technique is investigated for linearizing an SOA-based Coherent Optical OFDM transmitter. An optimized design of the ET subsystem is performed under various scenarios, with the eventual joint use of Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction either via hard-clipping or nonlinear companding. A thorough carrier density analysis is performed in the amplifier, for various target gain values, so as to assess the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Morever, we investigate the robustness of the proposed approach against some parameters variation both inside the ET path (DAC characteristics and bandwidth limited envelope generation). Extensive simulations performed with a precise SOA model show that up to 8 dB (resp. 7 dB) BER improvement can be achieved via the proposed scheme in the case of 4-QAM/OFDM (resp. 16-QAM/OFDM), compared to the conventional system with no linearization, and that even an envelope quantized with 2 bits still enables a significant performance increase

On Companding and Optimization of OFDM Signals for Mitigating Impulsive Noise in Power-line Communication Systems

Generally, the probability density function (PDF) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal amplitudes follow the Rayleigh distribution, thus, it is difficult to correctly predict the existence of impulsive noise (IN) in powerline communication (PLC) systems. Compressing and expanding the amplitudes of some of these OFDM signals, usually referred to as companding, is a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction technique that distorts the amplitudes of OFDM signals towards a uniform distribution. We suggest its application in PLC systems such as IEEE 1901 powerline standard (which uses OFDM) to reduce the impacts of IN. This is because the PLC channel picks up impulsive interference that the conventional OFDM driver cannot combat. We explore, therefore, five widely used companding schemes that convert the OFDM signal amplitude distribution to uniform distribution to avail the mitigation of IN in PLC system receivers by blanking, clipping and their hybrid (clipping-blanking). We also apply nonlinear optimization search to find the optimal mitigation thresholds and results show significant improvement in the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for all companding transforms considered of up to 4 dB SNR gain. It follows that the conventional PDF leads to false IN detection which diminishes the output SNR when any of the above three nonlinear memoryless mitigation schemes is applied

Peak-to-Average-Power-Ratio (PAPR) Reduction Techniques for Orthogonal-Frequency-Division- Multiplexing (OFDM) Transmission

Wireless communication has experienced an incredible growth in the last decade. Two decades ago,the number of mobile subscribers was less than 1% of the world\u27s population. As of 2011, the number of mobile subscribers has increased tremendously to 79.86% of the world\u27s population. Robust and high-rate data transmission in mobile environments faces severe problems due to the time-variant channel conditions, multipath fading and shadow fading. Fading is the main limitation on wireless communication channels. Frequency selective interference and fading, such as multipath fading, is a bandwidth bottleneck in the last mile which runs from the access point to the user. The last mile problem in wireless communication networks is caused by the environment of free space channels through which the signal propagates. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a promising modulation and multiplexing technique due to its robustness against multipath fading. Nevertheless, OFDM suffers from high Peak-to-Average- Power-Ratio (PAPR), which results in a complex OFDM signal. In this research, reduction of PAPR considering the out-of-band radiation and the regeneration of the time-domain signal peaks caused by filtering has been studied and is presented. Our PAPR reduction was 30% of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) with Interleaved Frequency Division Multiple Access (IFDMA) utilizing Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and varying the roll-off factor. We show that pulse shaping does not affect the PAPR of Localized Frequency Division Multiple Access (LFDMA) as much as it affects the PAPR of IFDMA. Therefore, IFDMA has an important trade-off relationship between excess bandwidth and PAPR performance, since excess bandwidth increases as the roll-off factor increases. In addition, we studied a low complexity clipping scheme, applicable to IFDMA uplink and OFDM downlink systems for PAPR reduction. We show that the performance of the PAPR of the Interleaved-FDMA scheme is better than traditional OFDMA for the uplink transmission system. Our reduction of PAPR is 53% when IFDMA is used instead of OFDMA in the uplink direction. Furthermore, we also examined an important trade-off relationship between clipping distortion and quantization noise when the clipping scheme is used for OFDM downlink systems. Our results show a significant reduction in the PAPR and the out-of-band radiation caused by clipping for OFDM downlink transmission system

High power amplifier pre-distorter based on neural-fuzzy systems for OFDM signals

In this paper, a novel High Power Amplifier (HPA) pre-distorter based on Adaptive Networks - Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals is proposed and analyzed. Models of Traveling Wave Tube Amplifiers (TWTA) and Solid State Power Amplifiers (SSPA), both memoryless and with memory, have been used for evaluation of the proposed technique. After training, the ANFIS linearizes the HPA response and thus, the obtained signal is extremely similar to the original. An average Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) of 10-6 can be easily obtained with our proposal. As a consequence, the Bit Error Rate (BER) degradation is negligible showing a better performance than what can be achieved with other methods available in the literature. Moreover, the complexity of the proposed scheme is reducedThis work was supported in part by projectsMULTIADAPTIVE (TEC2008-06327-C03-02) and AECI Program of Research Cooperation with MoroccoPublicad

Waveforms and channel coding for 5G

Abstract. The fifth generation (5G) communication systems are required to perform significantly better than the existing fourth generation (4G) systems in data rate, capacity, coverage, latency, energy consumption and cost. Hence, 5G needs to achieve considerable enhancements in the areas of bandwidth, spectral, energy, and signaling efficiencies and cost per bit. The new radio access technology (RAT) of 5G physical layer needs to utilize an efficient waveform to meet the demands of 5G. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is considered as a baseline for up to 30 GHz. However, a major drawback of OFDM systems is their large peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Here in this thesis, a simple selective-mapping (SLM) technique using scrambling is proposed to reduce the PAPR of OFDM signals. This technique selects symbol sequences with high PAPR and scrambles them until a PAPR sequence below a specific threshold is generated. The computational complexity of the proposed scheme is considerably lower than that of the traditional SLM. Also, performance of the system is investigated through simulations and more than 4.5 dB PAPR reduction is achieved. In addition, performance of single carrier waveforms is analyzed in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems as an alternative to OFDM. Performance of a single carrier massive MIMO system is presented for both uplink and downlink with single user and multiple user cases and the effect of pre-coding on the PAPR is studied. A variety of channel configurations were investigated such as correlated channels, practical channels and the channels with errors in channel estimate. Furthermore, the candidate coding schemes are investigated for the new RAT in the 5G standard corresponding the activities in the third generation partnership project (3GPP). The schemes are evaluated in terms of block error rate (BLER), bit error rate (BER), computational complexity, and flexibility. These parameters comprise a suitable set to assess the performance of different services and applications. Turbo, low density parity check (LDPC), and polar codes are considered as the candidate schemes. These are investigated in terms of obtaining suitable rates, block lengths by proper design for a fair comparison. The simulations have been carried out in order to obtain BLER / BER performance for various code rates and block lengths, in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Although polar codes perform well at short block lengths, LDPC has a relatively good performance at all the block lengths and code rates. In addition, complexity of the LDPC codes is relatively low. Furthermore, BLER/BER performances of the coding schemes in Rayleigh fading channels are investigated and found that the fading channel performance follows a similar trend as the performance in the AWGN channel

On PAPR Reduction of OFDM using Partial Transmit Sequence with Intelligent Optimization Algorithms

In recent time, the demand for multimedia data services over wireless links has grown up rapidly. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) forms the basis for all 3G and beyond wireless communication standards due to its efficient frequency utilization permitting near ideal data rate and ubiquitous coverage with high mobility. OFDM signals are prone to high peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR). Unfortunately, the high PAPR inherent to OFDM signal envelopes occasionally drives high power amplifiers (HPAs) to operate in the nonlinear region of their characteristic leading out-of-band radiation, reduction in efficiency of communication system etc. A plethora of research has been devoted to reducing the performance degradation due to the PAPR problem inherent to OFDM systems. Advanced techniques such as partial transmit sequences (PTS) and selected mapping (SLM) have been considered most promising for PAPR reduction. Such techniques are seen to be efficient for distortion-less signal processing but suffer from computational complexity and often requires transmission of extra information in terms of several side information (SI) bits leading to loss in effective data rate. This thesis investigates the PAPR problem using Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) scheme, where optimization is achieved with evolutionary bio-inspired metaheuristic stochastic algorithms. The phase factor optimization in PTS is used for PAPR reduction. At first, swarm intelligence based Firefly PTS (FF-PTS) algorithm is proposed which delivers improved PAPR performance with reduced searching complexity. Following this, Cuckoo Search based PTS (CS-PTS) technique is presented, which offers good PAPR performance in terms of solution quality and convergence speed. Lastly, Improved Harmony search based PTS (IHS-PTS) is introduced, which provides improved PAPR. The algorithm has simple structure with a very few parameters for larger PTS sub-blocks. The PAPR performance of the proposed technique with different parameters is also verified through extensive computer simulations. Furthermore, complexity analysis of algorithms demonstrates that the proposed schemes offer significant complexity reduction when compared to standard PAPR reduction techniques. Findings have been validated through extensive simulation tests

Systèmes OFDM optiques à détection directe à complexité réduite pour les communications à haut débit

A possible approach to maximize the data rate per wavelength, is to employ the high spectral efficiency discrete multitone (DMT) modulation. The work presented in this thesis mainly focuses on optimizing the power consumption and cost of DMT, that are the major obstacles to its market development. Within this context, we have first developed novel techniques permitting to discard the use of Hermitian symmetry in DMT modulations, thus significantly reducing the power consumption and the system cost. We have next proposed an asymmetric linear companding algorithm permitting to reduce the optical power of conventional DCO-OFDM modulation with a moderate complexity. A new VCSEL behavioural model based on the use of the VCSEL quasi-static characteristic was also developed to accurately evaluate the VCSEL impact on DMT modulations. Finally, we have built an experimental system to experimentally validate our proposed techniques. Several simulations and measurement results are then provided.Une approche pour augmenter le débit par longueur d'onde, est d'utiliser la modulation DMT (Discrete Multitone) à haute efficacité spectrale. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse se focalise principalement sur l'optimisation de la consommation en puissance et le coût de la DMT, qui présentent des obstacles majeurs à son industrialisation. Dans ce cadre, nous avons tout d'abord développé des nouvelles techniques permettant d'exclure la symétrie Hermitienne des modulations DMT, réduisant ainsi considérablement la consommation en puissance et le coût du système. Nous avons ensuite proposé un algorithme de compression linéaire asymétrique permettant de réduire la puissance optique de la modulation DMT avec une complexité modérée. Un nouveau modèle comportemental du VCSEL basé sur la caractéristique quasi-statique a été également développé. Nous avons enfin validé expérimentalement les techniques que nous avons proposées. Plusieurs résultats de simulations et de mesures sont ainsi présentés

Low Complex PAPR Reduction Schemes for OFDM Systems

In this thesis, three low-complex PAPR reduction schemes for OFDM systems are proposed. All the proposed schemes can be considered as modi ed versions of the conventional SLM scheme, which can signi cantly reduce high PAPR of OFDM signals with no distortion. In the rst proposed scheme, a new set of the candidate sequences is generated by partial phase weighting in the time domain and the combination of sub-blocks by applying IFFT properties. In the second scheme which is based on a combination of SLM and PTS, a simple phase optimization technique is introduced. The third scheme forms di erent 16-QAM signals from 2 QPSK signals. Also, the circular convolution part in TPPW-SLM, which is also a part of Class-III SLM, is applied