Global Risks 2015, 10th Edition.

The 2015 edition of the Global Risks report completes a decade of highlighting the most significant long-term risks worldwide, drawing on the perspectives of experts and global decision-makers. Over that time, analysis has moved from risk identification to thinking through risk interconnections and the potentially cascading effects that result. Taking this effort one step further, this year's report underscores potential causes as well as solutions to global risks. Not only do we set out a view on 28 global risks in the report's traditional categories (economic, environmental, societal, geopolitical and technological) but also we consider the drivers of those risks in the form of 13 trends. In addition, we have selected initiatives for addressing significant challenges, which we hope will inspire collaboration among business, government and civil society communitie

Public health and dental caries in young children in deprived communities in Scotland

Dental  caries  is  the  most  prevalent  disease  worldwide,  and  is  caused  by  a  complex  interaction of tooth susceptibility, nutrition and the oral environment.  In young children it  can have a major impact on their quality of life, and is the main reason why Scottish children  are  admitted  to  hospital.    There  have  been  dramatic  improvements  in  Scottish  children’s  oral health.  This has been enabled through the introduction of Childsmile, the national oral  health  programme  for  Scottish  children.    Nevertheless,  significant  challenges  exist  in  reducing  oral  health  inequalities.  This  paper  calls  for  a  greater  emphasis  on  the  social  determinants  of  health  to  ensure  that  all  Scottish  children  have  the  benefit  of  good  oral  health

Ancient Merv, Turkmenistan: research, conservation and management at a World Heritage Site

n the first issue of AI, Georgina Herrmann described the Institute’s initial involvement, from 1992, in survey, recording and excavation at the ancient Silk Road site of Merv. Now, a decade later, the Institute has embarked on a further collaborative project at this vast multiperiod site

Engineering News, Fall 2019

https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/eng_news/1043/thumbnail.jp

The Impact of Urban Heat Islands: Assessing Vulnerability in Indonesia

The impacts of global change can be felt by local communities during both short-term events such as intense storms and long-term changes such as rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns. Natural disasters related to hydrometeorology are likely to increase in severity, while in coastal areas sea-level rises require serious attention. At city scale, with high levels of urbanisation, local rising temperatures can affect the quality of life of communities. Urban heat islands (UHI) reflect the magnitude of the difference in observed ambient air temperature between cities and their surrounding rural regions. This study aims to identify whether the urban heat island phenomena is occurring two cities in Indonesia: Jakarta, a large metropolitan city with a business and industrial background, and Bandar Lampung, a growing city with an agricultural background. The aim is to identify community vulnerability to UHI impacts and community adaptation efforts related to UHI. The results show that UHI is present in both Jakarta and Bandar Lampung. The UHI was clearly evident in morning temperatures in Bandar Lampung, showing that the area surrounding the city had more air moisture due to vegetation land cover, compared to the city area. In Jakarta the UHI effect was clearly visible in the afternoon, and the highest temperature was in high density settlement areas compared to the business and industrial area. Communities in both Bandar Lampung and Jakarta were assessed to have average (moderate) vulnerability levels. Bandar Lampung's moderate vulnerability level is due to low levels of community knowledge of climate change impacts and public facilities, but there were indications of adaptation in the form of natural spontaneous adaptation. Jakarta faces rising temperatures but has low adaptation levels which could be due to low levels of participation in community programmes in general

Transformation of the Family under Rising Land Pressure: A Theoretical Essay

If we understand well the individualization of land tenure rules under conditions of growing land scarcity and increased market integration, much less is known about the mode of evolution of the farm-cum-family units possessing the land. Inspired by first-hand evidence from West Africa, this paper argues that these units undergo the same process of individualization governed by the same forces as property rights in land. It provides a simple theoretical account of the coexistence of different forms of family when farms are heterogenous in land endowments and technology is stagnant. The paper also offers analytical insights into the sequence following which such forms succeed each other.patriarchal family, land division, Africa

Spartan Daily, May 9, 1983

Volume 80, Issue 62https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/7044/thumbnail.jp