DPRAODV: A Dynamic Learning System Against Blackhole Attack In AODV Based MANET

Security is an essential requirement in mobile ad hoc networks to provide protected communication between mobile nodes. Due to unique characteristics of MANETS, it creates a number of consequential challenges to its security design. To overcome the challenges, there is a need to build a multifence security solution that achieves both broad protection and desirable network performance. MANETs are vulnerable to various attacks, blackhole, is one of the possible attacks. Black hole is a type of routing attack where a malicious node advertise itself as having the shortest path to all nodes in the environment by sending fake route reply. By doing this, the malicious node can deprive the traffic from the source node. It can be used as a denial-of-service attack where it can drop the packets later. In this paper, we proposed a DPRAODV (Detection, Prevention and Reactive AODV) to prevent security threats of blackhole by notifying other nodes in the network of the incident. The simulation results in ns2 (ver-2.33) demonstrate that our protocol not only prevents blackhole attack but consequently improves the overall performance of (normal) AODV in presence of black hole attack

Algorithms based on spider daddy long legs for finding the optimal route in securing mobile ad hoc networks

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are wireless networks that are subject to severe attacks, such as the black hole attack. One of the goals in the research is to find a method to prevent black hole attacks without decreasing network throughput or increasing routing overhead. The routing mechanism in define uses route requests (RREQs; for discovering routes) and route replies (RREPs; for receiving paths). However, this mechanism is vulnerable to attacks by malicious black hole nodes. The mechanism is developed to find the shortest secure path and to reduce overhead using the information that is available in the routing tables as an input to propose a more complex nature-inspired algorithm. The new method is called the Daddy Long-Legs Algorithm (PGO-DLLA), which modifies the standard AODV and optimizes the routing process. This method avoids dependency exclusively on the hop counts and destination sequence numbers (DSNs) that are exploited by malicious nodes in the standard AODV protocol. The experiment by performance metrics End-to-End delay and packet delivery ratio are compared in order to determine the best effort traffic. The results showed the PGO-DLLA improvement of the shortest and secure routing from black hole attack in MANET. In addition, the results indicate better performance than the related works algorithm with respect to all metrics excluding throughput which AntNet is best in routing when the pause time be more than 40 seconds. PGODLLA is able to improve the route discovery against the black hole attacks in AODV. Experiments in this thesis have shown that PGO-DLLA is able to reduce the normalized routing load, end-to-end delay, and packet loss and has a good throughput and packet delivery ratio when compared with the standard AODV protocol, BAODV protocol, and the current related protocols that enhance the routing security of the AODV protocols

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MODIFIED AODV AGAINST BLACK HOLE ATTACK IN MANET

A mobile ad-hoc network is an infrastructure less network which consists of a number of mobile nodes that dynamically form a temporary network for the transmission of data from source to destination. They are composed of nodes that relay on each other to manage and for secure transmission of traffic due to lack of centralized administration. As MANETs become widely used, the security issue has become one of the primary concerns for all the times. One of the well known attack is the Black Hole attack which is most common in the on-demand routing protocols such as AODV.In this paper, the proposed solution is to modify the AODV routing protocol in such a way that it can combat the cooperative Black Hole attack. The results show an effective increase in throughput and PDR and decrease in average end-to-end delay with a slight increase in routing overhead

Analysis of Black hole Attack in Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing Protocol : Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) Context

In past years, popularity of Mobile Ad hoc Networks has led to the conception of Vehicular Ad hoc Networks. These networks must be highly secure before their implementation in real world. One of the vital aspects of these networks is routing protocol. Most of the protocols in VANET acknowledge all nodes in a network to be genuine by default. But there might be malicious nodes which can make the network vulnerable to various attacks. One such attacks is a black hole attack on AODV routing protocol. Because of its popularity, AODV and black hole attack are taken into consideration for this thesis. The aim of the thesis is to analyze effects of black hole attack on AODV and understand security need of routing protocols in VANET. The experimentation for this thesis was performed with 40, 60 and 80 nodes in network simulator (NS). The performance metrics such as average throughput, end to end delay and packet delivery ratio of each assumed scenarios under blackhole attack and with prevention method are calculated. The obtained calculations are compared to analyze the network performance of AODV. The results from the simulator demonstrate that overall network performance of AODV increased with black hole prevention algorithm in comparison to AODV under black hole attack only. Out of all the performance metrics that are used to analyze the network performance, the average throughput of AODV is significantly increased by 21 percent (approximately) when the mitigation algorithm is applied. The prevention approach used for the thesis can make AODV perform better against black hole attack. However, this approach is limited to a small to medium sized networks only

A Review on Attacks in Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET)

MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network) is a wireless network having no any fixed infrastructure. It consists of autonomous, self-organized wireless mobile nodes, which are to move in or out in the network. MANET performs all the network activities such as message delivery, discovery of route path etc. using its nodes only. It uses the routing protocols such as DSDV, DSR and AODV etc. As there is no clear line of defense in MANET, so, it is more prone to both the legitimate users and the malicious nodes . The presence of these malicious nodes is one of the major the challenges in MANET and it has become necessary to design a very robust solution for the security of MANET. MANET is more vulnerable to attacks because of its openness, dynamic and infrastructure-less nature. The two types of routing attacks are , such as active i.e. Gray Hole Attack, Black Hole Attack, Flooding, Spoofing, Wormhole and passive i.e. Eavesdropping, Traffic Analysis. AODV is used to discover the path from source to destination but its more prone to malicious intent like gray hole and black hole attacks. Gray Hole attack tends to drop the packet while the routing process. In Black Hole attack, the malicious node presents itself as the shortest and newest route to the destination node and attracts the routing packets. This paper presents a focus on the fundamental issues in MANET by describing its related research in the previous year along with its concept, features and vulnerabilities

An Effective Approach for Mobile ad hoc Network via I-Watchdog Protocol

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is now days become very famous due to their fixed infrastructure-less quality and dynamic nature. They contain a large number of nodes which are connected and communicated to each other in wireless nature. Mobile ad hoc network is a wireless technology that contains high mobility of nodes and does not depend on the background administrator for central authority, because they do not contain any infrastructure. Nodes of the MANET use radio wave for communication and having limited resources and limited computational power. The Topology of this network is changing very frequently because they are distributed in nature and self-configurable. Due to its wireless nature and lack of any central authority in the background, Mobile ad hoc networks are always vulnerable to some security issues and performance issues. The security imposes a huge impact on the performance of any network. Some of the security issues are black hole attack, flooding, wormhole attack etc. In this paper, we will discuss issues regarding low performance of Watchdog protocol used in the MANET and proposed an improved Watchdog mechanism, which is called by I-Watchdog protocol that overcomes the limitations of Watchdog protocol and gives high performance in terms of throughput, delay

Performance analysis of black hole and worm hole attacks in MANETs

A Mobile Ad Hoc Network MANET is composed of a freely and mobility set of mobile nodes. They form a temporary dynamic wireless network without any infrastructure. Since the nodes act as both host and router in their communication, they act as a router provide connectivity by forwarding data packets among intermediate nodes to the destination. The routing protocol is used to grove their communication and connectivity as example, the Ad On-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol. However, due to the lack of security vulnerabilities of routing protocols and the absence of infrastructure, MANET is vulnerable to various security threats and attacks. This paper examines the impact of two types of attacks on AODV routing protocol using Network Simulator version 2 (NS2) environment. These attacks are Blackhole and Wormhole Attacks. The aim of both of them is to prevent data packets to reach the destination node and dropping all the traffic.