Low-cost internet of things and snapshot geolocation pipeline in marine sensing

Biologging and biotelemetry are commonly used as methods to assess marine biodiversity pop ulation. However, current state-of-the-art devices (commonly referred to as tags) remain at the greater cost of production while geolocation and georeferencing methods use proprietary satellite constellations, remain expensive and are prone to greater battery usage. This dissertation enhances such state-of-the-art devices, providing affordable tags for multipurpose usage. Dissertation contri bution is two-fold. In first, it describes the design of low-cost telecommunication system comprised from tag emitters and land receivers, evaluated during the sea-vessel field trips in pelagic area of Madeira island. In second, it also describes the software pipeline for deducing the position of tags, leveraging the raw signal from obtained GPS receivers.Bio-logging e biotelemetria são métodos de grande importância como métodos de avaliação da biodiversidade marítima. No entanto, os dispositivos atuais normalmente referidos por tags per manecem com um elevado custo de produção e, são suscetiveis a elevado consumo de energia. Esta dissertação procura melhorar o bio-logging e a biotelemetria para a estimativa da biodiversidade marítima, com três contribuições distintas: (i) realizar análise em detalhe de sistemas de última geração de bio-logging e de biotelemetria, (ii) desenvolver um sistema inovador usando Internet of things (IoT) e Long Range (LoRa), e (iii) melhorar o sistema fastloc com computação no CPU da tag, para estimar a posição de mamíferos marítimos na superfície do mar. O príncipal objetivo é reduzir o custo de tais sistemas de detecção, explorando o IoT, LoRa e fastloc na cricação de bio-loggers e sistemas de biotelemetria

Proceedings of the Second International Mobile Satellite Conference (IMSC 1990)

Presented here are the proceedings of the Second International Mobile Satellite Conference (IMSC), held June 17-20, 1990 in Ottawa, Canada. Topics covered include future mobile satellite communications concepts, aeronautical applications, modulation and coding, propagation and experimental systems, mobile terminal equipment, network architecture and control, regulatory and policy considerations, vehicle antennas, and speech compression

Performance Analysis of Mobile Agents for Filtering Data Streams on Wireless Networks

Wireless networks are an ideal environment for mobile agents, since their mobility allows them to move across an unreliable link to reside on a wired host, next to or closer to the resources that they need to use. Furthermore, client-specific data transformations can be moved across the wireless link and run on a wired gateway server, reducing bandwidth demands. In this paper we examine the tradeoffs faced when deciding whether to use mobile agents in a data-filtering application where numerous wireless clients filter information from a large data stream arriving across the wired network. We develop an analytical model and use parameters from filtering experiments conducted during a U.S. Navy Fleet Battle Experiment (FBE) to explore the model\u27s implications

On-board processing satellite network architecture and control study

The market for telecommunications services needs to be segmented into user classes having similar transmission requirements and hence similar network architectures. Use of the following transmission architecture was considered: satellite switched TDMA; TDMA up, TDM down; scanning (hopping) beam TDMA; FDMA up, TDM down; satellite switched MF/TDMA; and switching Hub earth stations with double hop transmission. A candidate network architecture will be selected that: comprises multiple access subnetworks optimized for each user; interconnects the subnetworks by means of a baseband processor; and optimizes the marriage of interconnection and access techniques. An overall network control architecture will be provided that will serve the needs of the baseband and satellite switched RF interconnected subnetworks. The results of the studies shall be used to identify elements of network architecture and control that require the greatest degree of technology development to realize an operational system. This will be specified in terms of: requirements of the enabling technology; difference from the current available technology; and estimate of the development requirements needed to achieve an operational system. The results obtained for each of these tasks are presented

Proceedings of the Third International Mobile Satellite Conference (IMSC 1993)

Satellite-based mobile communications systems provide voice and data communications to users over a vast geographic area. The users may communicate via mobile or hand-held terminals, which may also provide access to terrestrial cellular communications services. While the first and second International Mobile Satellite Conferences (IMSC) mostly concentrated on technical advances, this Third IMSC also focuses on the increasing worldwide commercial activities in Mobile Satellite Services. Because of the large service areas provided by such systems, it is important to consider political and regulatory issues in addition to technical and user requirements issues. Topics covered include: the direct broadcast of audio programming from satellites; spacecraft technology; regulatory and policy considerations; advanced system concepts and analysis; propagation; and user requirements and applications

Satellite applications as an ocean and coastal zone management tool : three case studies

Satellite applications are being used in land, sea, air and space studies and management applications in the sea covering a wide spectrum of fields, such as oceanography (bathymetry, tides, waves, sea level, currents, surface water temperature), fisheries (resources distribution and monitoring of fisheries), shipping (fleet monitoring, communication, safety and rescue, pollution detection and monitoring), and navy (security, strategy, safety). Further, satellites can be used in the process of educating people onboard. The present research is a study of three satellite applications for Ocean and Coastal Zone Management (OCZM). Radar sensors which are used in bathymetric exploration are useful in the oil pipeline industry and in coastal navigation. Thermal and radar imaging have been used to detect indirectly the resource distribution of the tuna fisheries and lately also other fisheries. The Global Position System (GPS) and data communications today permit fleet monitoring, although the focus of this dissertation is on the fishing fleet. The development of any fleet monitoring system can follow the same principle. An interesting point is the cost — although this technology may appear expensive, it is in effect not. One of the objectives of this dissertation is to compare the value of traditional methods and satellite applications. With this I intend to give a new perspective of the capabilities of the new technology and its application in developing countries. The Ocean and Coastal Zone (OCZ) is a very wide area. Normally, the control and monitoring of this would take days, if traditional systems are used, and all analyses would be post-facto. Satellites can provide a wide variety of applications besides data communications technology. They can send position, type of vessel, speed, and other parameters in near-real time and therefore the ability of OCZM can be substantially increased. Herein lies the interest in exploring the employment of satellites as OCZ management tools. The methodology followed in the development of this paper is to conduct an analysis of remote sensing capabilities. This includes comparing remote sensing images and data with traditional methods of obtaining and analysing data for the management of the natural resources within the coastal and ocean areas of a country. In addition, Internet capabilities and library resources have been used extensively to research the arena of satellite science

USING COMMERCIAL 5G AND LEO TECHNOLOGIES TO ENHANCE NAVY-ARMY SENSOR-TO-SHOOTER NETWORKS

The emerging commercial technologies of 5G and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications have the capability to provide links that send large amounts of data with low latency. As the DOD continues to explore how to best leverage these technologies, it is important to develop potential use cases within the military. This thesis describes a sensor-to-shooter operational scenario and the network transport links currently in use to move data from a Navy sensor to an Army shooter. The current sensor-to-shooter network transport links are then compared to the emerging commercial alternatives of 5G and LEO satellite communications in the categories of throughput, latency and range. This analysis demonstrates the comparative advantages and disadvantages of both 5G and LEO technologies over current links.Captain, United States ArmyLieutenant, United States NavyApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited

Artificial Intelligence-based Cybersecurity for Connected and Automated Vehicles

The damaging effects of cyberattacks to an industry like the Cooperative Connected and Automated Mobility (CCAM) can be tremendous. From the least important to the worst ones, one can mention for example the damage in the reputation of vehicle manufacturers, the increased denial of customers to adopt CCAM, the loss of working hours (having direct impact on the European GDP), material damages, increased environmental pollution due e.g., to traffic jams or malicious modifications in sensors’ firmware, and ultimately, the great danger for human lives, either they are drivers, passengers or pedestrians. Connected vehicles will soon become a reality on our roads, bringing along new services and capabilities, but also technical challenges and security threats. To overcome these risks, the CARAMEL project has developed several anti-hacking solutions for the new generation of vehicles. CARAMEL (Artificial Intelligence-based Cybersecurity for Connected and Automated Vehicles), a research project co-funded by the European Union under the Horizon 2020 framework programme, is a project consortium with 15 organizations from 8 European countries together with 3 Korean partners. The project applies a proactive approach based on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning techniques to detect and prevent potential cybersecurity threats to autonomous and connected vehicles. This approach has been addressed based on four fundamental pillars, namely: Autonomous Mobility, Connected Mobility, Electromobility, and Remote Control Vehicle. This book presents theory and results from each of these technical directions

A wireless sensor network system for border security and crossing detection

The protection of long stretches of countries’ borders has posed a number of challenges. Effective and continuous monitoring of a border requires the implementation of multi-surveillance technologies, such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), that work as an integrated unit to meet the desired goals. The research presented in this thesis investigates the application of topologically Linear WSN (LWSNs) to international border monitoring and surveillance. The main research questions studied here are: What is the best form of node deployment and hierarchy? What is the minimum number of sensor nodes to achieve k− barrier coverage in a given belt region? iven an appropriate network density, how do we determine if a region is indeed k−barrier covered? What are the factors that affect barrier coverage? How to organise nodes into logical segments to perform in-network processing of data? How to transfer information from the networks to the end users while maintaining critical QoS measures such as timeliness and accuracy. To address these questions, we propose an architecture that specifies a mechanism to assign nodes to various network levels depending on their location. These levels are used by a cross-layer communication protocol to achieve data delivery at the lowest possible cost and minimal delivery delay. Building on this levelled architecture, we study the formation of weak and strong barriers and how they determine border crossing detection probability. We propose new method to calculate the required node density to provide higher intruder detection rate. Then, we study the effect of people movement models on the border crossing detection probability. At the data link layer, new energy balancing along with shifted MAC protocol are introduced to further increase the network lifetime and delivery speed. In addition, at network layer, a routing protocol called Level Division raph (LD ) is developed. LD utilises a complex link cost measurement to insure best QoS data delivery to the sink node at the lowest possible cost. The proposed system has the ability to work independently or cooperatively with other monitoring technologies, such as drowns and mobile monitoring stations. The performance of the proposed work is extensively evaluated analytically and in simulation using real-life conditions and parameters. The simulation results show significant performance gains when comparing LD to its best rivals in the literature Dynamic Source Routing. Compared to DSR, LD achieves higher performance in terms of average end-to-end delays by up to 95%, packet delivery ratio by up to 20%, and throughput by up to 60%, while maintaining similar performance in terms of normalised routing load and energy consumption

Satellite Communications

This study is motivated by the need to give the reader a broad view of the developments, key concepts, and technologies related to information society evolution, with a focus on the wireless communications and geoinformation technologies and their role in the environment. Giving perspective, it aims at assisting people active in the industry, the public sector, and Earth science fields as well, by providing a base for their continued work and thinking