Optimalisation of E-Resources from National Library and Online Information of Covid-19 to Develop Literacy and Numeracy Test Like PISA

By utilising the online information of Covid-19 from e-resources including the national library and online information, the development of literacy and numeracy item test called PISA-Cosains (science context of Covid-19) was carried out. The process was oriented to the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) science framework that has been carried out to produce an instrument product that is valid and practical. The method used in this study is the Research and Development method. The analysis in this study uses Rasch\u27s Item Response Theory (IRT) model. The development process utilises e-resources from national library and online portal of Indonesian government. Based on the theoretical validation, the results showed that the questions developed were valid. The practicality of the questions can be known through the results of questionnaire analysis of the test takers at the trial stage. The results of the practicality questionnaire show that this question belongs to the practical category. The results of quantitative analysis through field test trials show a significant influence from the application of the PISA model question instrument to the improvement of scientific literacy and numeracy skills of junior high school students obtained. However, the level of separation is still relatively low. It indicates that the items are less sensitive to cover the entire continuum of all respondents. Furthermore, when viewed from the item, most of them are fit and have a pretty good point measure correlation

Effectiveness of portable electronic and optical magnifiers for near vision activities in low vision:a randomised crossover trial

Purpose To compare the performance of near vision activities using additional portable electronic vision enhancement systems (p-EVES), to using optical magnifiers alone, by individuals with visual impairment. Methods A total of 100 experienced optical aid users were recruited from low vision clinics at Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester, UK, to a prospective two-arm cross-over randomised controlled trial. Reading, performance of near vision activities, and device usage were evaluated at baseline; and at the end of each study arm (Intervention A: existing optical aids plus p-EVES; Intervention B: optical aids only) which was after 2 and 4 months. Results A total of 82 participants completed the study. Overall, maximum reading speed for high contrast sentences was not statistically significantly different for optical aids and p-EVES, although the critical print size and threshold print size which could be accessed with p-EVES were statistically significantly smaller (p < 0.001 in both cases). The optical aids were used for a larger number of tasks (p < 0.001), and used more frequently (p < 0.001). However p-EVES were preferred for leisure reading by 70% of participants, and allowed longer duration of reading (p < 0.001). During the study arm when they had a p-EVES device, participants were able to carry out more tasks independently (p < 0.001), and reported less difficulty with a range of near vision activities (p < 0.001). Conclusions The study provides evidence that p-EVES devices can play a useful role in supplementing the range of low vision aids used to reduce activity limitation for near vision tasks

Taiwanese Preferences and Cultural Factors Influencing Visuals in Taiwanese Health Pamphlets

This study aims to discover what preferences Taiwanese people have for visuals in health documents, with the research question being, What are Taiwanese preferences for visuals and visual elements in health documents? Research is conducted through a mixed-methods approach with a comparative analysis of a collection of American and Taiwanese health pamphlets, surveys conducted with Taiwanese people inquiring about preferences concerning visuals in health documents, and interviews conducted with doctors educated and practicing in Taiwan. In this way, the study moves from what visuals are currently being used, to what kinds of visuals Taiwanese people prefer, to how health professionals relate to visuals. Consistencies found among all three studies such as mood and picture preference are found to be related to the Chinese principle of Health equals Happiness. Taiwanese prefer that health education stay positive in its presentation. Things such as real images, which could send a negative message, should either be removed or replaced with personified objects to give a document a more positive feeling. Research was conducted mostly with educated Taiwanese. Future work could be done with seniors, youth, or less-educated groups

Strategies for Managing the Shortages of Registered Nurses

The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that healthcare facility leaders in Central Minnesota use to recruit and retain qualified nurses. Participants were 6 healthcare facility leaders including 2 nursing directors, 2 human resource personnel, 1 nurse supervisor/administrator, and 1 nurse recruiter who had the knowledge and experience in recruitment and retention of Registered Nurses (RNs) in healthcare facilities in Central Minnesota. The Herzberg 2-factor theory was the conceptual framework. Semistructured interviews were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Morse\u27s 4 steps data analysis process. The major themes were recruitment strategies and retention incentives. The recruitment strategies were the various hiring methods participants used to attract and gain RNs, and the retention incentives were the benefits that motivated and retained RNs. Participants relied on both recruitment strategies and retention incentives to manage the shortages of RNs. The results provide healthcare facility leaders with additional information about how to successfully recruit and retain qualified RNs, which may lead to a larger and potentially satisfied nursing population. Social implications include strengthening the nursing workforce, increasing productivity for healthcare facilities, providing better customer service and increased patient satisfaction, and contributing to more satisfied RNs and families, as well as helping the local communities and the economy

Stages of Occupational Regulation: Analysis of Case Studies

Kleiner examines occupations that are at various stages of regulation to determine to what extent regulation has influenced the individuals in the occupations, consumers, and related occupational practitioners.https://research.upjohn.org/up_press/1240/thumbnail.jp

A study into the validation of ATP testing devices for integrated cleanliness monitoring within healthcare settings

There is a problem in hospital cleaning. There is currently no scientific monitoring method that provides timely and reliable assurance that harmful bacteria have been removed by the cleaning processes. This PhD investigates the validation of commercially available testing devices intended for the rapid detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which may provide a quantitative surrogate estimate of surface cleanliness based on ATP measurements. The findings indicate that ATP testing devices, despite problems with scaling and imprecision, provide immediacy in readings which enables the incorporation of ATP testing into an improved and integrated cleanliness monitoring process for applications within healthcare settings

Psychometric properties of implementation measures for public health and community settings and mapping of constructs against the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research: a systematic review

Background: Recent reviews have synthesised the psychometric properties of measures developed to examine implementation science constructs in healthcare and mental health settings. However, no reviews have focussed primarily on the properties of measures developed to assess innovations in public health and community settings. This review identified quantitative measures developed in public health and community settings, examined their psychometric properties, and described how the domains of each measure align with the five domains and 37 constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Methods: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched to identify publications describing the development of measures to assess implementation science constructs in public health and community settings. The psychometric properties of each measure were assessed against recommended criteria for validity (face/content, construct, criterion), reliability (internal consistency, test-retest), responsiveness, acceptability, feasibility, and revalidation and cross-cultural adaptation. Relevant domains were mapped against implementation constructs defined by the CFIR. Results: Fifty-one measures met the inclusion criteria. The majority of these were developed in schools, universities, or colleges and other workplaces or organisations. Overall, most measures did not adequately assess or report psychometric properties. Forty-six percent of measures using exploratory factor analysis reported >50 % of variance was explained by the final model; none of the measures assessed using confirmatory factor analysis reported root mean square error of approximation (<0.06) or comparative fit index (>0.95). Fifty percent of measures reported Cronbach’s alpha of <0.70 for at least one domain; 6 % adequately assessed test-retest reliability; 16 % of measures adequately assessed criterion validity (i.e. known-groups); 2 % adequately assessed convergent validity (r > 0.40). Twenty-five percent of measures reported revalidation or cross-cultural validation. The CFIR constructs most frequently assessed by the included measures were relative advantage, available resources, knowledge and beliefs, complexity, implementation climate, and other personal resources (assessed by more than ten measures). Five CFIR constructs were not addressed by any measure. Conclusions: This review highlights gaps in the range of implementation constructs that are assessed by existing measures developed for use in public health and community settings. Moreover, measures with robust psychometric properties are lacking. Without rigorous tools, the factors associated with the successful implementation of innovations in these settings will remain unknown

How effective is low vision service provision? A systematic review

Visual impairment is a large and growing socioeconomic problem. Good evidence on rehabilitation outcomes is required to guide service development and improve the lives of people with sight loss. Of the 478 potentially relevant articles identified, only 58 studies met our liberal inclusion criteria, and of these only 7 were randomized controlled trials. Although the literature is sufficient to confirm that rehabilitation services result in improved clinical and functional ability outcomes, the effects on mood, vision-related quality of life (QoL) and health-related QoL are less clear. There are some good data on the performance of particular types of intervention, but almost no useful data about outcomes in children, those of working age, and other groups. There were no reports on cost effectiveness. Overall, the number of well-designed and adequately reported studies is pitifully small; visual rehabilitation research needs higher quality research. We highlight study design and reporting considerations and suggest a future research agenda