State-of-the-Art Economic Load Dispatch of Power Systems Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Metaheuristic particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has emerged as one of the most promising optimization techniques in solving highly constrained non-linear and non-convex optimization problems in different areas of electrical engineering. Economic operation of the power system is one of the most important areas of electrical engineering where PSO has been used efficiently in solving various issues of practical systems. In this paper, a comprehensive survey of research works in solving various aspects of economic load dispatch (ELD) problems of power system engineering using different types of PSO algorithms is presented. Five important areas of ELD problems have been identified, and the papers published in the general area of ELD using PSO have been classified into these five sections. These five areas are (i) single objective economic load dispatch, (ii) dynamic economic load dispatch, (iii) economic load dispatch with non-conventional sources, (iv) multi-objective environmental/economic dispatch, and (v) economic load dispatch of microgrids. At the end of each category, a table is provided which describes the main features of the papers in brief. The promising future works are given at the conclusion of the review

Social cognitive optimization with tent map for combined heat and power economic dispatch

Combined heat and power economic dispatch (CHPED) problem is a sophisticated constrained nonlinear optimization problem in a heat and power production system for assigning heat and power production to minimize the production costs. To address this challenging problem, a novel social cognitive optimization algorithm with tent map (TSCO) is presented for solving the CHPED problem. To handle the equality constraints in heat and power balance constraints, adaptive constraints relaxing rule is adopted in constraint processing. The novelty of our work lies in the introduction of a new powerful TSCO algorithm to solve the CHPED issue. The effectiveness and superiority of the presented algorithm is validated by conducting 2 typical CHPED cases. The numerical results show that the proposed approach has better convergence speed and solution quality than all other existing state-of-the-art algorithms.Comment: Accepted by International Transactions on Electrical Energy System

A Logic-Based Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming Model to Solve Non-Convex and Non-Smooth Economic Dispatch Problems: An Accuracy Analysis

This paper presents a solver-friendly logic-based mixed-integer nonlinear programming model (LB-MINLP) to solve economic dispatch (ED) problems considering disjoint operating zones and valve-point effects. A simultaneous consideration of transmission losses and logical constraints in ED problems causes difficulties either in the linearization procedure, or in handling via heuristic-based approaches, and this may result in outcome violation. The non-smooth terms can make the situation even worse. On the other hand, non-convex nonlinear models with logical constraints are not solvable using the existing nonlinear commercial solvers. In order to explain and remedy these shortcomings, we proposed a novel recasting strategy to overcome the hurdle of solving such complicated problems with the aid of the existing nonlinear solvers. The proposed model can facilitate the pre-solving and probing techniques of the commercial solvers by recasting the logical constraints into the mixed-integer terms of the objective function. It consequently results in a higher accuracy of the model and better computational efficiency. The acquired results demonstrated that the LB-MINLP model, compared to the existing (heuristic-based and solver-based) models in the literature, can easily handle the non-smooth and nonlinear terms and achieve an optimal solution much faster and without any outcome violation

Adaptive Plant Propagation Algorithm for Solving Economic Load Dispatch Problem

Optimization problems in design engineering are complex by nature, often because of the involvement of critical objective functions accompanied by a number of rigid constraints associated with the products involved. One such problem is Economic Load Dispatch (ED) problem which focuses on the optimization of the fuel cost while satisfying some system constraints. Classical optimization algorithms are not sufficient and also inefficient for the ED problem involving highly nonlinear, and non-convex functions both in the objective and in the constraints. This led to the development of metaheuristic optimization approaches which can solve the ED problem almost efficiently. This paper presents a novel robust plant intelligence based Adaptive Plant Propagation Algorithm (APPA) which is used to solve the classical ED problem. The application of the proposed method to the 3-generator and 6-generator systems shows the efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm. A comparative study with another state-of-the-art algorithm (APSO) demonstrates the quality of the solution achieved by the proposed method along with the convergence characteristics of the proposed approach.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure

A Social Spider Algorithm for Solving the Non-convex Economic Load Dispatch Problem

Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) is one of the essential components in power system control and operation. Although conventional ELD formulation can be solved using mathematical programming techniques, modern power system introduces new models of the power units which are non-convex, non-differentiable, and sometimes non-continuous. In order to solve such non-convex ELD problems, in this paper we propose a new approach based on the Social Spider Algorithm (SSA). The classical SSA is modified and enhanced to adapt to the unique characteristics of ELD problems, e.g., valve-point effects, multi-fuel operations, prohibited operating zones, and line losses. To demonstrate the superiority of our proposed approach, five widely-adopted test systems are employed and the simulation results are compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms. In addition, the parameter sensitivity is illustrated by a series of simulations. The simulation results show that SSA can solve ELD problems effectively and efficiently

The Economic Dispatch for Integrated Wind Power Systems Using Particle Swarm Optimization

The economic dispatch of wind power units is quite different from that in conventional thermal units, since the adopted model should take into consideration the intermittency nature of wind speed as well. Therefore, this paper uses a model that takes into account the aforementioned consideration in addition to whether the utility owns wind turbines or not. The economic dispatch is solved by using one of the modern optimization algorithms: the particle swarm optimization algorithm. A 6-bus system is used and it includes wind-powered generators besides to thermal generators. The thorough analysis of the results is also provided.Comment: This paper is a partial work of M.S.Thesis in Electrical and Computer Engineering at Southern Illinois University Carbondal

Particle Swarm Optimization: A survey of historical and recent developments with hybridization perspectives

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a metaheuristic global optimization paradigm that has gained prominence in the last two decades due to its ease of application in unsupervised, complex multidimensional problems which cannot be solved using traditional deterministic algorithms. The canonical particle swarm optimizer is based on the flocking behavior and social co-operation of birds and fish schools and draws heavily from the evolutionary behavior of these organisms. This paper serves to provide a thorough survey of the PSO algorithm with special emphasis on the development, deployment and improvements of its most basic as well as some of the state-of-the-art implementations. Concepts and directions on choosing the inertia weight, constriction factor, cognition and social weights and perspectives on convergence, parallelization, elitism, niching and discrete optimization as well as neighborhood topologies are outlined. Hybridization attempts with other evolutionary and swarm paradigms in selected applications are covered and an up-to-date review is put forward for the interested reader.Comment: 34 pages, 7 table

Selection of Most Effective Control Variables for Solving Optimal Power Flow Using Sensitivity Analysis in Particle Swarm Algorithm

Solving the optimal power flow problem is one of the main objectives in electrical power systems analysis and design. The modern optimization algorithms such as the evolutionary algorithms are also adopted to solve this problem, especially when the intermittency nature of generation resources are included, as in wind and solar energy resources, where the models are stochastic and non-linear. This paper uses the particle swarm optimization algorithm for solving the optimal power flow for IEEE-30 bus system. In addition to selection of the most effective control variables based on sensitivity analysis to alleviate the violations and return the system back to its normal state. This adopted strategy would decrease the optimal power flow calculation burden by particle swarm optimization algorithm, especially with large systems.Comment: This article is a partial work of the author's M.Sc thesis at department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Southern Illinois University Carbondale, US

Improvement of PSO algorithm by memory based gradient search - application in inventory management

Advanced inventory management in complex supply chains requires effective and robust nonlinear optimization due to the stochastic nature of supply and demand variations. Application of estimated gradients can boost up the convergence of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm but classical gradient calculation cannot be applied to stochastic and uncertain systems. In these situations Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation can be applied to determine the gradient. We developed a memory based algorithm where instead of generating and evaluating new simulated samples the stored and shared former function evaluations of the particles are sampled to estimate the gradients by local weighted least squares regression. The performance of the resulted regional gradient-based PSO is verified by several benchmark problems and in a complex application example where optimal reorder points of a supply chain are determined.Comment: book chapter, 20 pages, 7 figures, 2 table

Optimal Power Flow with Disjoint Prohibited Zones: New Formulation and Solutions

The constraints induced by prohibited zones (PZs) were traditionally formulated as multiple disjoint regions. It was difficult to solve the optimal power flow (OPF) problems subject to the disjoint constraints. This paper proposes a new formulation for the OPF problem with PZs. The proposed formulation significantly expedites the algorithm implementation. The effectiveness of the new approach is verified by different methods including traditional optimization methods, PSO and particle swarm optimization with adaptive parameter control which is conducted on the IEEE 30-bus test system.Comment: Accepted in 2019 IEEE TPE