Framework for decentralised architectural design BIM and blockchain integration.

The paper introduces a framework for decentralised architectural design in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. We examine first the constraints of building information modelling in regard to collaboration and trust. We then introduce Blockchain infrastructure as a means for creating new operational and business models for architectural design, through project governance, scaling collaboration nominally to thousands of agents, and shifting trust to the infrastructure rather than the architectural design team. Through a wider consideration of Blockchains in construction projects we focus on the design process and validate our framework with a prototype of BIM design optimisation integrated with a Blockchain mechanism. The paper concludes by outlining the contributions our framework can enhance in the building information modelling processes, within the context of the fourth industrial revolution

Orchestration in the Cloud-to-Things Compute Continuum: Taxonomy, Survey and Future Directions

IoT systems are becoming an essential part of our environment. Smart cities, smart manufacturing, augmented reality, and self-driving cars are just some examples of the wide range of domains, where the applicability of such systems has been increasing rapidly. These IoT use cases often require simultaneous access to geographically distributed arrays of sensors, and heterogeneous remote, local as well as multi-cloud computational resources. This gives birth to the extended Cloud-to-Things computing paradigm. The emergence of this new paradigm raised the quintessential need to extend the orchestration requirements i.e., the automated deployment and run-time management) of applications from the centralised cloud-only environment to the entire spectrum of resources in the Cloud-to-Things continuum. In order to cope with this requirement, in the last few years, there has been a lot of attention to the development of orchestration systems in both industry and academic environments. This paper is an attempt to gather the research conducted in the orchestration for the Cloud-to-Things continuum landscape and to propose a detailed taxonomy, which is then used to critically review the landscape of existing research work. We finally discuss the key challenges that require further attention and also present a conceptual framework based on the conducted analysis.Comment: Journal of Cloud Computing Pages: 2

Paths to Innovation in Supply Chains: The Landscape of Future Research

This chapter presents a Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for supply chain and it is the result of an intensive work jointly performed involving a wide network of stakeholders from discrete manufacturing, process industry and logistics sector to put forward a vision to strengthen European Supply Chains for the next decade. The work is based on matching visions from literature and from experts with several iterations between desk research and workshops, focus groups and interviews. The result is a detailed analysis of the supply chain strategies identified as most relevant for the next years and definition of the related research and innovation topics as future developments and steps for the full implementation of the strategies, thus proposing innovative and cutting-edge actions to be implemented based on technological development and organisational change

Ecosystem-inspired enterprise modelling framework for collaborative and networked manufacturing systems

Rapid changes in the open manufacturing environment are imminent due to the increase of customer demand, global competition, and digital fusion. This has exponentially increased both complexity and uncertainty in the manufacturing landscape, creating serious challenges for competitive enterprises. For enterprises to remain competitive, analysing manufacturing activities and designing systems to address emergent needs, in a timely and efficient manner, is understood to be crucial. However, existing analysis and design approaches adopt a narrow diagnostic focus on either managerial or engineering aspects and neglect to consider the holistic complex behaviour of enterprises in a collaborative manufacturing network (CMN). It has been suggested that reflecting upon ecosystem theory may bring a better understanding of how to analyse the CMN. The research presented in this paper draws on a theoretical discussion with aim to demonstrate a facilitating approach to those analysis and design tasks. This approach was later operationalised using enterprise modelling (EM) techniques in a novel, developed framework that enhanced systematic analysis, design, and business-IT alignment. It is expected that this research view is opening a new field of investigation

#Blockchain4EU: Blockchain for Industrial Transformations

The project #Blockchain4EU is a forward looking exploration of existing, emerging and potential applications based on Blockchain and other DLTs for industrial / non-financial sectors. It combined Science and Technology Studies with a transdisciplinary policy lab toolbox filled with frameworks from Foresight and Horizon Scanning, Behavioural Insights, or Participatory, Critical and Speculative Design. Amid unfolding and uncertain developments of the Blockchain space, our research signals a number of crucial opportunities and challenges around a technology that could record, secure and transfer any digitised transaction or process, and thus potentially affect large parts of current industrial landscapes. This report offers key insights for its implementation and uptake by industry, businesses and SMEs, together with science for policy strategic recommendations.JRC.I.2-Foresight, Behavioural Insights and Design for Polic

The evolution from products towards digital platforms: the Schneider Electric case.

Nowadays, servitisation is a common trend among manufacturing firms. Its goal is to increase the understanding of customers’ needs and respond to those needs in the best possible way. In this perspective, digitalization enables servitisation. The Internet of Things is about linking together the physical and the virtual Internet-based world. It allows to track, monitor and interact with physical products, resulting in the enhancement of manufacturing and industrial processes. In this context, many companies focused on the development of IoT-based platforms, which connect devices, industrial assets, etc. in order to gather data and perform data analytics. Accordingly, data collection and analysis are becoming more and more important in managing and understanding of the Global Value Chains, as well as the customers’ emerging needs, helping the companies to drive product innovation and guaranteeing better performances in terms of profitability and competitiveness. Although the results in terms of profits provided by these digital platforms vary greatly from one firm to another, the idea of IoT platforms as an ecosystem that promotes value co-creation beyond corporate boundaries could generate economic viability. In this fast-changing evolutionary path, the number of digital platforms is growing quickly, generating an incredible amount of opportunities and threats for companies, and affecting their strategic decisions. The consequences can be many and varied, for example, affecting the evolution of the firms’ business model. This paper aims at profoundly understanding the Internet of Things and IoT platforms, as well as the changes they generate in the manufacturing industry, by analysing several examples of ongoing real-business cases (e.g. Schneider Electric’s EcoStruxure) and investigating the ecosystem perspective.Nowadays, servitisation is a common trend among manufacturing firms. Its goal is to increase the understanding of customers’ needs and respond to those needs in the best possible way. In this perspective, digitalization enables servitisation. The Internet of Things is about linking together the physical and the virtual Internet-based world. It allows to track, monitor and interact with physical products, resulting in the enhancement of manufacturing and industrial processes. In this context, many companies focused on the development of IoT-based platforms, which connect devices, industrial assets, etc. in order to gather data and perform data analytics. Accordingly, data collection and analysis are becoming more and more important in managing and understanding of the Global Value Chains, as well as the customers’ emerging needs, helping the companies to drive product innovation and guaranteeing better performances in terms of profitability and competitiveness. Although the results in terms of profits provided by these digital platforms vary greatly from one firm to another, the idea of IoT platforms as an ecosystem that promotes value co-creation beyond corporate boundaries could generate economic viability. In this fast-changing evolutionary path, the number of digital platforms is growing quickly, generating an incredible amount of opportunities and threats for companies, and affecting their strategic decisions. The consequences can be many and varied, for example, affecting the evolution of the firms’ business model. This paper aims at profoundly understanding the Internet of Things and IoT platforms, as well as the changes they generate in the manufacturing industry, by analysing several examples of ongoing real-business cases (e.g. Schneider Electric’s EcoStruxure) and investigating the ecosystem perspective

Identifying and Scoping Context-Specific Use Cases For Blockchain-Enabled Systems in the Wild.

Advances in technology often provide a catalyst for digital innovation. Arising from the global banking crisis at the end of the first decade of the 21st Century, decentralised and distributed systems have seen a surge in growth and interest. Blockchain technology, the foundation of the decentralised virtual currency Bitcoin, is one such catalyst. The main component of a blockchain, is its public record of verified, timestamped transactions maintained in an append-only, chain-like, data structure. This record is replicated across n-nodes in a network of co-operating participants. This distribution offers a public proof of transactions verified in the past. Beyond tokens and virtual currency, real-world use cases for blockchain technology are in need of research and development. The challenge in this proof-of-concept research is to identify an orchestration model of innovation that leads to the successful development of software artefacts that utilise blockchain technology. These artefacts must maximise the potential of the technology and enhance the real-world business application. An original two phase orchestration model is defined. The model includes both a discovery and implementation phase and implements state-of-the-art process innovation frameworks: Capability Maturity Modelling, Business Process Redesign, Open Innovation and Distributed Digital Innovation. The model succeeds in its aim to generate feasible problem-solution design pairings to be implemented as blockchain enabled software systems. Three systems are developed: an internal supply-chain management system, a crowd-source sponsorship model for individual players on a team and a proof-of-origin smart tag system. The contribution is to have defined an innovation model through which context-specific blockchain usecases can be identified and scoped in the wild

Blockchain Technology and the Circular Economy: A Systematic Literature Review

This paper aims to offer an overview of what the features are in the existing state of research in the field of blockchains in the circular economy. A total of 79 articles published up to 31 May 2022 have been extracted from Scopus and Web of Science. The research design has enabled us to identify what characterises the present state of research on the use of blockchains in the circular economy. It has also allowed us to obtain a new categorisation scheme of the research that has identified five themes and the contributions in each theme, and has allowed us to highlight several research gaps. The review findings indicate that the literature revolved around five research themes, namely, the relationship between blockchains and Industry 4.0, the potentials of blockchains for circular economy practices, the role of blockchains in energy management, the role of blockchains in waste management and the impact of blockchains on sustainability. This review suggests several opportunities for future research and provides some helpful implications for researchers and practitioners. To the authors’ best knowledge, this study represents one of the first attempts to investigate the interplay between blockchain technology and the circular economy

The Elements of Big Data Value

This open access book presents the foundations of the Big Data research and innovation ecosystem and the associated enablers that facilitate delivering value from data for business and society. It provides insights into the key elements for research and innovation, technical architectures, business models, skills, and best practices to support the creation of data-driven solutions and organizations. The book is a compilation of selected high-quality chapters covering best practices, technologies, experiences, and practical recommendations on research and innovation for big data. The contributions are grouped into four parts: · Part I: Ecosystem Elements of Big Data Value focuses on establishing the big data value ecosystem using a holistic approach to make it attractive and valuable to all stakeholders. · Part II: Research and Innovation Elements of Big Data Value details the key technical and capability challenges to be addressed for delivering big data value. · Part III: Business, Policy, and Societal Elements of Big Data Value investigates the need to make more efficient use of big data and understanding that data is an asset that has significant potential for the economy and society. · Part IV: Emerging Elements of Big Data Value explores the critical elements to maximizing the future potential of big data value. Overall, readers are provided with insights which can support them in creating data-driven solutions, organizations, and productive data ecosystems. The material represents the results of a collective effort undertaken by the European data community as part of the Big Data Value Public-Private Partnership (PPP) between the European Commission and the Big Data Value Association (BDVA) to boost data-driven digital transformation

Design as a source of innovation to establish circular business models: how to prevent the single-use of plastic?

The current economy context moving from linear to circular models is establishing extraordinary parallelism between with design principles. Design solutions can support the transition of business to one which creates monetary and environmental benefits, increases resource efficiency, and maintains the value of products, materials, and waste. Recycling has been signaled as the main strategy for the plastics circular economy, but it presents itself as controversial since the industry’s demand is significantly lower than the recycled amount. The overall objective of this study is to explore when design principles, related to circular-economy concepts, become a source of innovation, in order to answer to the research question: “How can design be a source of innovation to transform businesses models accordingly to circular economy principles?”. The primary objective of this investigation is to develop our model resulting from reverse design and which is guided by the definition of a circular model strategy (System-Centered Circular-Design, SCCD) and the secondary objectives involve expanding the knowledge related to the various aspects of this model. A qualitative approach was chosen, to analyse the impact of the packaging design concepts along the definition of the business models and its circular loops. From the literature review ethnographic research is thus well suited to providing circular systems designers and companies decision-makers, with rich insights. WisePack design solution was selected to analyse the slowing and closing loop. The relevant insights to retain from the exploratory phase is that WisePack may have changed some of the assumptions made by the different stakeholders of the value chain. A SCCD toolbox is presented, to support designers identifying the requirements, constraints and opportunities of the circular approach. To prevent the single-use of plastic, scenarios were developed, taking into consideration users’ behaviour towards repair or reuse, taking-back products and their levels of engagement. Based on the results, it was concluded that the circular model strategy definition model (SCCD) is a valid tool. Confirming the primary and secondary objectives of this study. Showing that design principles, related to circular-economy concepts, become a source of innovation, and the SCCD model and toolbox, support the businesses models transformation.A relação entre o design e o aumento da competitividade económica pela criação de valor já tem sido abordada. Não obstante, no contexto atual em que a economia transita de modelos lineares para circulares está a estabelecer um paralelismo extraordinário entre os modelos económicos e os princípios de design. Novas soluções de design podem apoiar a transição de produtos, processos e modelos de negócios para um modelo que potencie a criação de benefícios monetários e ambientais,aumentea eficiência dos recursos pela minimização de desperdícios e recuperação de resíduos e, estimule de uma forma sustentável a cadeia de valor de produtos e serviços, matérias-primas e materiais. A reciclagem tem sido apontada como a principal estratégia para a economia circular do plástico, mas não deixa de ser um paradoxo, uma vez que a procura do setor é significativamente inferior à quantidade reciclada de acordo com a literatura analisada. O objetivo geral deste estudo, é explorar o modo como os princípios de design aplicados aosconceitos de economia circular fomentam a inovação e a transição de um modelo linear de gestão para um modelo económico regenerativo e restaurador. Donde, a seguinte pergunta de investigação: “Como pode o design ser uma fonte de inovação para transformar modelos de negócios de acordo com princípios da economia circular?”. O objetivo específico desta investigação é desenvolver o nosso modelo resultante do reverse design e que se pauta pela definição de uma estratégia de modelo circular (System-Centered Circular-Design, SCCD) e, em paralelo, aferir o conhecimento relacionado com as suas diferentes variáveis. Metodologicamente optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa, para analisar o impacto dos conceitos de design de embalagens ao longo da definição dos modelos de negócio e dos seus ciclos. Neste âmbito, começou primeiramente, por se selecionar como caso de estudo, a solução de design WisePack para analisar o ciclo de desaceleração e fecho (slowing and closing loops). Esta solução de design para as embalagens plásticas, maximiza a funcionalidade do produto e do material, resultante do processo de design e manufatura.Apresentam-se os pressupostos dos modelos de negócios circulares WisePack, seguidos das entrevistas realizados às partes interessadas que orientam a análise do estudo de caso. O estudo de caso da WisePack descreve as questões mais importantes a ponderar na seleção dessas estratégias de design e define os modelos de negócios circulares num estágio inicial de design de produto e serviço. A natureza qualitativa da investigação visa obter informações de diferentes ângulos para compreender as restrições e os objetivos dos principais agentes envolvidos na cadeia de valor. Com base nos resultados das entrevistas semiestruturadas destacam-se quatro fatores com potencial de fomentar a transição de uma abordagem linear para uma circular, a saber: i) o design tem uma relação relevante com os seus modelos de negócio; ii) barreiras à implementação do design, podem impactar a geração de valor; iii) o design pode influenciar e alterar a apetência para a inovar; iv) a captura de valor do negócio está relacionada com a cultura de inovação nos modelos lineares de negócios em prática. De todo o modo, há a reter desta fase exploratória da investigação que a solução de design de embalagem apresentada durante as entrevistas - WisePack - pode ter alterado algumas das premissas feitas pelos representantes das diferentes partes interessadas da cadeia de valor. Posto isto, e com base na revisão da literatura e na experiência profissional, constatou-se que a investigação etnográfica revela ser adequada para fornecer aos designers de sistemas circulares e aos decisores das empresas, perceções valiosas. Em segundo lugar, e sob o intuito de testar o modelo System-Centered Circular-Design (SCCD) procurou-se compreender se o design pode condicionar os modelos de negócio das partes interessadas de toda a cadeia de valor. Daí, ser proposto um método com o objetivo de permitir que designers e gestores definam possíveis modelos de negócios circulares ajustados por princípios de design mais circulares - o SCCD. Expõe-se a ferramenta SCCD e da sua sistematização decorrem vários conceitos para a construção de novas e mais complexas colaborações na cadeia de valor. Essa relação no processo circular é definida em termos de atributos. Os atributos, características geométricas e funções são utilizados para facilitar a instrumentação deste processo inovador. Todas essas caracterizações de notação de SCCD parecem ser viáveis para a especificação do processo e fase de projeto. Este, suporta refinamento e abstração, tornando a estrutura SCCD fácil de entender e usar. As tabelas de diagnóstico do modelo, visam apoiar os designers na identificação dos requisitos, restrições e oportunidades da abordagem circular. No entanto, também orienta a comunicação entre o designer e os representantes de cada departamento envolvido no processo de transição do modelo de negócio linear para o circular. Com o objetivo de testar o modelo SCCD, cenários futuros foram desenvolvidos nesta investigação para poder ser estabelecida uma área de exploração e discussão sobre a adaptação do processo de design ao paradigma da economia circular. O foco tem por intuito facilitar a geração de ideias compartilhadas sobre a direção a tomar e as escolhas a fazer e promover soluções de design para a economia circular. Nesse sentido, é de extrema importância apresentar as tendências de contexto relevantes. Para o caso de prevenção do plástico de uso único, os cenários deverão levar em consideração as tendências futuras no comportamento dos utilizadores em relação ao reparo ou reutilização e devolução de produtos. Esses cenários também distinguem entre dois níveis diferentes de envolvimentodesses utilizadores. Como é expectável, algumas partes interessadas terão que atender a necessidades diferentes de outras em menos tempo, ou com diferentes níveis de risco e investimento. A finalizar, admite-se que novos testes piloto e trabalho de campo são recomendados para poderem ser validados os cenários futuros. Com efeito, e no decurso desta investigação, a complexidade da parceria e o investimento financeiro necessário, não possibilitaram a implementação do modelo. Daí que, se tenham construído duas narrativas a ilustrar os cenários futuros de prevenção à utilização do plástico de uso único, por meio do design. Por fim, e com base nos resultados, constata-se que o modelo de definição de estratégia de modelo circular (SCCD) constitui uma ferramenta válida na senda dos objetivos desta investigação. Pode assim concluir-se que, os princípios do design quando aplicados aos conceitos da economia circular, conseguem tornar-se fonte de inovação e, que o modelo SCCD consegue suportar a transição dos modelos de negócios