272,097 research outputs found

    Developing a 3D geometry for Urban energy modelling of Indian cities

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    The advancement in the field of Urban Building Energy Modelling (UBEM) is assisting urban planners and managers to design and operate cities to meet environmental emission targets. The usefulness of the UBEM depends upon the quality and level of details (LoD) of the inputs to the model. The inadequacy and quality of relevant input data pose challenges. This paper analyses the usefulness of different methodologies for developing a 3D building stock model of Ahmedabad, India, recognizing data gaps and heterogenous development of the city over time. It evaluates the potentials, limitations, and challenges of remote sensing techniques namely (a) Satellite imagery (b) LiDAR and (c) Photogrammetry for this application. Further, the details and benefits of data capturing through UAV assisted Photogrammetry technique for the development of the 3D city model are discussed. The research develops potential techniques for feature detection and model reconstruction using Computer vision on the Photogrammetry reality mesh. Preliminary results indicate that the use of supervised learning for Image based segmentation on the reality mesh detects building footprints with higher accuracy as compared to geometrybased segmentation of the point cloud. This methodology has the potential to detect complex building features and remove redundant objects to develop the semantic model at different LoDs for urban simulations. The framework deployed and demonstrated for the part of Ahmedabad has a potential for scaling up to other parts of the city and other Indian cities having similar urban morphology and no previous data for developing a UBEM

    Modelling regional economic effects of the Öresund link -linking two regional economic models

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    The Öresund link, opened in July 2000, is a sixteen-kilometre fixed link with several specific characteristics. E.g., the link connects two countries, Denmark and Sweden and two urban areas, Copenhagen and Malmö, with 1 and 0,5 million people, respectively. Further, the fixed link reaches Denmark nearby Copenhagen Airport, which implies easy access to an international airport for a lot of people in Southern Sweden. No doubt, a fixed link with these features will influence the regional interaction and regional development in many ways. Defining a suitable model approach for assessing the regional economic consequences of the fixed link raises several challenging issues: The problem of dealing with border barriers, the choice between regional and multiregional approaches, the difficulty of modelling short term as well as long term effects. These issues seem too complicated to be dealt with within a single model framework. The paper presents one limited model approach. Two regional economic models, LINE in Denmark and RAPS in Sweden, are linked to each other by a common interaction module, where flows from/to the respective part of the Öresund region are being modelled, with respect to trade, commuting and migration. Preliminary model results are presented, mainly dealing with the impact of building the link.

    An integrated information modelling system for assessing urban geohazard risk

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    Over the years, the continuous expansion of cities has drawn the attention of engineers and researchers to the need to support sustainable planning. As cities expand, they would be more prone to geohazard risk, which could cause severe costs. Therefore, a system to provide information of geohazard risk could support sustainable urban planning. A suggested application is proposed in this thesis to assess settlement risk caused by tunnelling. A framework methodology is proposed to aid the assessment of urban geohazard risk. The settlement risk assessment analyses and the associated building damage and cost assessment form the structure of the framework. Building Information Modelling (BIM) provided and supported the information for the data processes used in the whole analysis and the 3D geology-tunnel-building model creation. The resulting risk assessments are presented using 3D visualisations. From these visualisations, further investigations could be focused on the ‘higher-risk’ outcomes presented. This forms a preliminary assessment a tool. The final oucome of this research is an integrated information system based on advanced analysis and 3D modelling tools for urban geohazard risk. The research also provides information which contributes to knowledge and understanding for relevant associated problems and supports sustainable decision-making

    An investigation on the quantitative correlation between urban morphology parameters and outdoor ventilation efficiency indices

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    Urban outdoor ventilation and pollutant dispersion have important implications for the urban planning and design of urban morphology. In this paper, two urban morphology parameters including Floor area ratio (FAR) and Building site coverage (BSC) are attempted to investigate the quantitative correlation with urban ventilation indices. Firstly, we present an idealized model including nine basic units. The FAR of model is constant 5.0, and the BSC increases from 11% to 77%, which in consequence generates 101 non-repetitive asymmetric forms. Next, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is employed to evaluate the ventilation efficiency of pedestrian level within each model’s central area. Six indicators including air flow rate (Q), mean age of air (τp), net escape velocity (NEV), purging flow rate (PFR), visitation frequency (VF) and resident time (TP) are used to assess the local ventilation performance. Results clearly show that when the FAR of the plot is specified, the local ventilation performance does not present an obvious linear relationship. As the BSC increases, the ventilation in the central area does not keep reducing. On the contrary, some forms with low BSC have poor ventilation and some particular forms with high BSC have better ventilation performance. This shows that for an urban, it not always exists poor local ventilation under the high-density conditions. The local ventilation performance can be effectively improved by rationally arranging the architectural arrangement within the plot. These findings suggest a preliminary way to build up the correlation between urban morphology parameters and ventilation efficiency. Even though the application of these results to the real cities require further research, but for this paper, it presents a feasible framework to the urban designers

    A sustainable tourism development in Alacati, Turkey : (Re)invention of public space with clean energy

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    Although there is an increasing recognition of the impacts of climate change on communities, residents often resist changing their lifestyle to reduce the effects of the problem. By using a landscape architectural design medium, this paper argues that public space, when designed as an ecological system, has the capacity to create social and environmental change and to increase the quality of the human environment. At the same time, this ecological system can engage residents, enrich the local economy, and increase the social network. Through methods of design, research and case study analysis, an alternative master plan is proposed for a sustainable tourism development in Alacati, Turkey. Our master plan uses local geographical, economic and social information within a sustainable landscape architectural design scheme that addresses the key issues of ecology, employment, public space and community cohesion. A preliminary community empowerment model (CEM) is proposed to manage the designs. The designs address: the coexistence of local agricultural and sustainable energy generation; state of the art water management; and the functional and sustainable social and economic interrelationship of inhabitants, NGOs, and local government

    Implementation of a multi-scale predictive system of the degradation of the urban front in Brno, Czech Republic

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    The unavoidable deterioration of the built urban front in the cities has been increasingly generating a huge environmental impact. From this perspective, it is necessary to develop systematized methods that facilitate strategic maintenance of the facades and which study the variables that can potentially play a significant role in the damage occurrence. Therefore it is convenient to implement analytical methodologies to the decision making process on conservation and sustainability of the built urban front with a macro-scale approach. The BRAIN platform (Building Research Analysis and Information Network) is a Multi-scale Predictive System of the Degradation of the Urban Front. By means of periodic inspections, BRAIN allows analyses of damage progression and prediction of the future affectation, based on survival/reliability statistical models. The aim of this paper is to introduce a preliminary study on the implementation of the Urban Laboratory in the city of Brno, Czech Republic. Results of this primary approach have been displayed and discussed.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

    Designer buildings: an evaluation of the price impacts of signature architects

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    This study investigates whether commercial offices designed by signature architects in the United States achieve rental premiums compared to commercial offices designed by nonsignature architects. Focusing on buildings designed by winners of the Prizker Prize and the Gold Medal awarded by the American Institute of Architects, we create a sample of commercial office buildings designed by signature architects drawing on CoStar's national database. We use a combination of hedonic regression model and a logit model to estimate the various rent determinants. While the first stage measures the typical rental price differential above the typical building in a particular sub-market over a specific timeframe, the second stage identifies a potential price differential over a set of buildings closely matched on important characteristics (such as age, size, location etc.). We find that in both stages offices design by signature architects exhibit a premium. However these results are preliminary. The premium could be indeed an effect of the name of the architect, but others factors such as micro-market conditions might be the cause. Further tests are needed to confirm the validity of our results
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